PH148FinalTopics&Questions
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Saddleback College *
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12
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Communications
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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3
Uploaded by mklossermann
PH148 Final Exam Questions 2023 Q1. Describe the 5 elements of Laswell’s model of communication and how this is a starting point for understanding points of influence for effectively reaching and designing public health communication campaigns. Second elaborate on the shortcomings or criticisms of Lasswell model by explaining at least 2 ways in which there are shortcomings of this model. Q2. Define crisis communication and 3 elements that distinguish it from other types of risk communication. As we encounter extreme weather events with increasing frequency, emergency response and public health will increasingly use message alerts to warn people of pending danger, motivate protective action, and will need to minimize alerts that are vague and unclear (since this contributes to the public’s mistrust in such messages and discounting them when they are sent out). Explain what Wireless emergency alerts (WEAs) are briefly (their character limit, what they are) and what they are used for. Then explain the evidence based guidelines of what 5 core elements should be included in WEAs to provide accurate, concise and clear information to motivate people from perceptions of safety to perceptions of risk. Give one example of how a WEA can be more clear and one example of how a WEA can be more confusing (what to avoid). Q3. Describe Milleti & Sorenson, 1990) Warning Response Model (WRM) to motivate protection action under conditions of pending disaster. Describe the 5 aspects the model claims to influence. Then apply this to explaining the 5 elements of an effective and clear WEA. Give an example of what to pay attention to, to craft a clear WEA message and what to avoid. Q4. Describe California’s statewide heat action plan’s 4 areas the state will focus on to minimize the public health threat from increasing extreme heat events. Then describe 6 of the 9 potential components that would make a local heat action plan helpful. Q5. Describe the national disaster recovery framework 4 stages (from slides on crisis communication): How are the different stages characterized, what does this disaster recovery framework emphasize, and what are the messaging implications (i.e., how should crisis messaging be designed depending on stage). Can describe generally first, then provide examples depending on stage, what a public health official might focus on. Q6. Describe the 3 challenges, 3 errors and 3 potential solutions that California frontline communities experience with respect to climate change policy and community experience. and Q7. Describe an audience segmentation strategy in the case of climate change, its impact on the health of communities, and how to try to reach different segments of the public with climate messaging. Describe the 6 Americas as a psychological profile approach. Describe each
profile (percentage and explain). Then discuss ways to try to reach the different segments and potentially what kind of messaging might work to engage some of these subgroups and what the different considerations might be with respect to how involved these different audiences may be. Q8. Describe vaccine hesitancy. Describe 2 frameworks (7 C model and Health Equity Approach) that you might consider to understand the complexity and reasons why subgroups of people may be hesitant to vaccinate. Describe these frameworks for their ability to explain and contextualize vaccine hesitancy and how such an analysis might inform a strategy to design vaccine messages to reach subgroups. How might these frameworks inform designing vaccine messaging to reach certain subgroups. Q9. Describe vaccine hesitancy. Describe 2 frameworks (Moral foundations theory and Diffusion of Innovation theory) that you might consider to understand the complexity and reasons why subgroups of people may be hesitant to vaccinate. Describe these frameworks for their ability to explain and contextualize vaccine hesitancy and how such an framework might inform a strategy to design vaccine messages to reach subgroups. Q10. Define Misinformation according to Southwell et al, 2019 (study guide) and distinguish it from disinformation and rumors. Describe and explain 4 potential approaches to tackling misinformation according to Roozenbeek & Van der Linden 2021. Q11. Describe 5 ways according to Chou & Gaysynsky, 2020 in which we can advance knowledge on how to respond to the proliferation of especially health misinformation and its consequences for public health. Q12. Define culture (according to the communication perspective and slides). Describe and explain 4 contexts when you would consider or prioritize using “cultural stories or narratives” for health behavior change and health communication message design. Q13. Describe 4 ways in which social media can be harnessed and implemented for public health goals. Q14. Describe 8 pros and 8 cons of using social media for implementing health behavior change interventions. Q15. Describe (Hopfer et al, 2022) at least 4 of the 12 strategies that can be used to spread health messages in social media environments. Second describe the 6 strategies for which there was evidence that these helped significantly in spreading a health message.
Q16. Describe how visual imagery (static images) can be used in combination with text according to Ekman & Friesen (1969)’s 5 functions of non-verbal communication and its application to how imagery and text can be used together. Q17. Describe 5 ways visual messages can be employed strategically for health communication and desired health behavior change. Q18. If you were a hospital manager of a cancer center (like the UCI Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center) and had to analyze and evaluate ways to potentially improve patient care at the hospital/cancer center, explain how concepts we discussed from the Street et al, 2018 on communication breakdowns might inform your report. What kind of communication breakdowns and information types would you consider investigating, describing and consider for training healthcare staff. Please elaborate from what you learned from the Street et al, 2018 reading. Q19. According to Nashwan et al, 2023 what are 4 potential benefits for applying AI to healthcare communication in the future (patient provider communication)? Also describe 2 ethical considerations. Q20. According to Dunn et al, 2023 and Karinshak et al, 2023, describe 4 ways in which large language models (LLMs) are anticipated to influence health communication in the future. Also describe 2 potentially problematic and consequential downsides of LLMs applied to healthcare and online messaging.
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