Teaching Music to Children: Key Theories and Practices

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San Jose State University *

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601

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Communications

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Feb 20, 2024

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Uploaded by JusticeSummer17062

2/17/24 下午 11 : 03 Quiz #2 “ From Theory to Practice in Teaching Music to Children ” : MUS 601 - 01 MUSIC FOR CHILDREN Spring 2024 第 1/8 ⻚ https://sfsu.instructure.com/courses/37771/quizzes/165014 Quiz #2 “From Theory to Practice in Teaching Music to Children” Due Feb 18 at 11:59pm Points 9 Questions 9 Available Feb 12 at 8am - Feb 18 at 11:59pm Time Limit 60 Minutes Allowed Attempts 2 Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 10 minutes 9 out of 9 Score for this attempt: 9 out of 9 Submitted Feb 17 at 11:03pm This attempt took 10 minutes.  Question 1 1 / 1 pts Correct! Children, as well as adults, are affected by global cultural flow consisting of the impact of immigrants and travelers (ethnoscape), the media (mediascape), technology (technoscape), trade and finance (finanscape), and ideas (ideoscape) from everywhere in the world. Social Systems and Scapes Correct! Singing games, newly invented songs by children, musical improvisations, and compositions that are practiced, preserved, and performed repeatedly. Take the Quiz Again Match the theory with its description

2/17/24 下午 11 : 03 Quiz #2 “ From Theory to Practice in Teaching Music to Children ” : MUS 601 - 01 MUSIC FOR CHILDREN Spring 2024 第 2/8 ⻚ https://sfsu.instructure.com/courses/37771/quizzes/165014 Musical Play Correct! Knowledge occurs as a result of the process by which the child creates meaning from his or her experiences. Like a carpenter or a builder of houses, learning proceeds in active instead of passive ways as the child builds up knowledge piece by experiential piece until a meaningful whole forms. Constructivist Theory Correct! The power of persons within an environment to serve as models of behavior that are later replicated by the observer. Bandura's Social Learning The Correct! The manner in which persons in the environment shape and increase learning behaviors. When a child's behavior—singing in tune or playing rhythms accurately—is positively reinforced by the teacher's smile, nod, or positive comment, that behavior will be maintained or increased. Skinner's Reinforcement Theo Correct! Neural firing patterns may suggest that music learning can be a pathway to higher brain function. Neuroscience Correct! A learner processes information most efficiently through one of three sensory channels: visual, auditory, or tactile/kinesthetic. Theory of Learning Modalities Correct! The eight intelligences- linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, musical,

2/17/24 下午 11 : 03 Quiz #2 “ From Theory to Practice in Teaching Music to Children ” : MUS 601 - 01 MUSIC FOR CHILDREN Spring 2024 第 3/8 ⻚ https://sfsu.instructure.com/courses/37771/quizzes/165014 bodily-kinesthetic, and naturalistic. Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Correct! Learner either learns best from other people in a social setting and through class discussions and teacher-directed activities or learner prefers learning alone and in an autonomous manner and is most comfortable setting his or her own goals. Field-dependent or Independe Correct! The conditions in the classroom and among the students who are found within it.Some children are negatively affected by loud and noisy environments, while others require some ambient sound to think. Dunns’ Learning Style Model Correct! Four types of personality factors inform learning: (1) extroversion/introversion, (2) sensing/intuitive, (3) thinking/feeling, and (4) judging/perceiving. Myers-Briggs Type Personality Correct! Learning that involves problem solving, requiring the learner to manipulate materials and to cope with incongruities from which information is derived. Bruner's Discovery Method  Question 2 1 / 1 pts Anthropologist Gregory Bateson and Catherine Ellis stage theory, as applied to music instruction, involves

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2/17/24 下午 11 : 03 Quiz #2 “ From Theory to Practice in Teaching Music to Children ” : MUS 601 - 01 MUSIC FOR CHILDREN Spring 2024 第 4/8 ⻚ https://sfsu.instructure.com/courses/37771/quizzes/165014 Progressive stages of musical development and a sound-before-symbol approach. Age eight is a watershed year in a child's cognitive development. At this time, children are capable of identifying timbres, discriminating among random melodies, and perceiving structure in simple melodies, although they are less successful in perceiving the sound of more than one simultaneous musical line (or harmony). Cultural signs—such as verbal comments, facial expressions, or indicatory gestures—that direct the child's attention to specific elements of an experience provide the means for drawing children into knowing their culture (in this case, musical culture) while also shaping and coloring their perceptions and eventual understanding of the cultural object (the music). Correct! Learning I occurs without effort, as music within the environment is absorbed by the learner. Learning II, thinking is combined with experience when the child learner strives to become a competent performer through lessons or classroom instruction. The final phase takes the performer past technical skills to music as a personal expression of joy and even religious faith. Three teaching and learning strategies: enactive, learning through a set of actions; iconic, learning through images and graphs; and symbolic, learning by going beyond what is immediately perceptible in the environment  Question 3 1 / 1 pts Progressive stages of musical development and a sound-before-symbol approach. Age eight is a watershed year in a child's cognitive development. At this time, children are capable of identifying timbres, discriminating among random melodies, and perceiving structure in simple melodies, although they are less successful in perceiving the sound of more than one simultaneous musical line (or harmony). Cultural signs—such as verbal comments, facial expressions, or indicatory gestures—that direct the child's attention to specific elements of an experience provide the means for drawing children into knowing their culture (in this case, musical culture) while also shaping and coloring their perceptions and eventual understanding of the cultural object (the music). Correct! Jerome Bruner's modes of representation theory, as applied to music instruction, involves

2/17/24 下午 11 : 03 Quiz #2 “ From Theory to Practice in Teaching Music to Children ” : MUS 601 - 01 MUSIC FOR CHILDREN Spring 2024 第 5/8 ⻚ https://sfsu.instructure.com/courses/37771/quizzes/165014 Three teaching and learning strategies: enactive, learning through a set of actions; iconic, learning through images and graphs; and symbolic, learning by going beyond what is immediately perceptible in the environment Learning I occurs without effort, as music within the environment is absorbed by the learner. Learning II, thinking is combined with experience when the child learner strives to become a competent performer through lessons or classroom instruction. The final phase takes the performer past technical skills to music as a personal expression of joy and even religious faith.  Question 4 1 / 1 pts Three teaching and learning strategies: enactive, learning through a set of actions; iconic, learning through images and graphs; and symbolic, learning by going beyond what is immediately perceptible in the environment Correct! Progressive stages of musical development and a sound-before-symbol approach. Age eight is a watershed year in a child's cognitive development. At this time, children are capable of identifying timbres, discriminating among random melodies, and perceiving structure in simple melodies, although they are less successful in perceiving the sound of more than one simultaneous musical line (or harmony). Learning I occurs without effort, as music within the environment is absorbed by the learner. Learning II, thinking is combined with experience when the child learner strives to become a competent performer through lessons or classroom instruction. The final phase takes the performer past technical skills to music as a personal expression of joy and even religious faith. Cultural signs—such as verbal comments, facial expressions, or indicatory gestures—that direct the child's attention to specific elements of an experience provide the means for drawing children into knowing their culture (in this case, musical culture) while also shaping and coloring their perceptions and eventual understanding of the cultural object (the music).  Question 5 Piagetian theory, as applied to music instruction, involves

2/17/24 下午 11 : 03 Quiz #2 “ From Theory to Practice in Teaching Music to Children ” : MUS 601 - 01 MUSIC FOR CHILDREN Spring 2024 第 6/8 ⻚ https://sfsu.instructure.com/courses/37771/quizzes/165014 1 / 1 pts knowledgeable about music and children, and he or she presents lessons that are based on measurable outcomes. Correct! enthusiastic about music and children, and he or she presents lessons that are charged with energy. an expert on music and children, and he or she presents lessons that are rigorous and theoretically sound.  Question 6 1 / 1 pts Correct! Inner hearing: the ability to “hear” notation and to notate what one hears. Shared hearing: the ability connect and understand what others hear. Acute hearing: the ability to hear with clarity and precision.  Question 7 1 / 1 pts Three teaching and learning strategies: enactive, learning through a set of actions; iconic, learning through images and graphs; and symbolic, learning by going beyond what is immediately perceptible in the environment Correct! Cultural signs—such as verbal comments, facial expressions, or indicatory gestures—that direct the child's attention to specific elements of an experience provide the means for drawing children into knowing their culture (in this case, musical culture) while also shaping and coloring their perceptions and eventual understanding of the cultural object (the music). The effective music teacher is The term "audiation" in Gordon's music learning theory refers to Vygotsky's theory, as applied to music instruction, involves

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2/17/24 下午 11 : 03 Quiz #2 “ From Theory to Practice in Teaching Music to Children ” : MUS 601 - 01 MUSIC FOR CHILDREN Spring 2024 第 7/8 ⻚ https://sfsu.instructure.com/courses/37771/quizzes/165014 Learning I occurs without effort, as music within the environment is absorbed by the learner. Learning II, thinking is combined with experience when the child learner strives to become a competent performer through lessons or classroom instruction. The final phase takes the performer past technical skills to music as a personal expression of joy and even religious faith. Progressive stages of musical development and a sound-before-symbol approach. Age eight is a watershed year in a child's cognitive development. At this time, children are capable of identifying timbres, discriminating among random melodies, and perceiving structure in simple melodies, although they are less successful in perceiving the sound of more than one simultaneous musical line (or harmony).  Question 8 1 / 1 pts Learning processes of the child learner, including attention, perception, memory, rehearsal, and recognition and recall. Correct! Enculturation, the process whereby individuals learn their group's culture, through experience, observation, and instruction. Instruction, a set of events provided by the teacher. Learning outcomes in the form of a child's demonstration of verbal information, intellectual skills, motor skills, cognitive strategies, and attitudes.  Question 9 1 / 1 pts True Correct! False Which of the following in NOT one of the three components of a basic theory of music instruction? In the Chapter Two "scenario" Kirsten was teaching children about a particular piece of music- Fauré's Pavane . In her mind this music speaks for itself and she felt there was no need for understanding how learning theories inform her teaching.

2/17/24 下午 11 : 03 Quiz #2 “ From Theory to Practice in Teaching Music to Children ” : MUS 601 - 01 MUSIC FOR CHILDREN Spring 2024 第 8/8 ⻚ https://sfsu.instructure.com/courses/37771/quizzes/165014 Quiz Score: 9 out of 9

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