CIE327ha5

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Civil Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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CIE327ha5.doc S TATE U NIVERSITY OF N EW Y ORK AT B UFFALO Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering Spring Semester 2023 Professor Kamran M. Nemati CIE 327 – Civil Engineering Materials Answers to Problem Set 5 Question 1: How many gallons are in a barrel of crude oil? Typically, how much bitumen is produced from a barrel of crude oil? One barrel of crude oil equals 42 gallons. Typically, 1.3 gallons (3%) of bitumen is produced from a barrel of crude oil. Question 2: What are the sources of asphalt? Give examples of each. Natural sources, i.e., Trinidad Lake asphalt. Manufactured, i.e., production of asphalt in refineries from crude oil/petroleum. Crude oil surpassed natural sources in 1907. Question 3: Describe asphalt cements (also known as paving asphalt). What are they typically used for? Asphalt cement is a type of asphalt that is very sticky and highly viscous, specially prepared with the quality and consistency required in the manufacture of asphalt pavements (hot-mix pavements). They are typically used for: ▪ road construction ▪ roofing applications ▪ roofing shingles ▪ water proofing applications ▪ coatings

CIE 327 – Civil Engineering Materials Answers to Problem Set 5 Page 2 CIE327ha5.doc Question 4: Spell out HMA and BST. What are the other names for BST? HMA: Hot Mix Asphalt BST: Bituminous Surface Treatment BST is also called seal coat or chip seal. Question 5: Before PG (Performance Graded) grades, what were the asphalt binder specifications typically based on? ▪ Measurements of viscosity ▪ Penetration ▪ Ductility, and ▪ Softening point temperature Question 6: An asphalt has a performance grading of PG 58-28. Explain what each component means. PG: Performance Grading 58: Expected average 7-day maximum pavement temperature is 58°C -28: Expected minimum pavement temperature is -28°C. Question 7: Explain different types of aggregate grading used in HMA. Dense graded: Most common Gap graded: Used for stone matrix asphalt (SMA) Open graded: Used as a surface course in many areas Uniformly graded: Not used as a construction material

CIE 327 – Civil Engineering Materials Answers to Problem Set 5 Page 3 CIE327ha5.doc Question 8: Define Voids in the Mineral Aggregate (VMA) and Voids Filled with Asphalt (VFA). VMA is the percentage of total volume in a compacted HMA mix due to air voids and the volume of the binder not absorbed into the aggregate (i.e., the space between the aggregate particles). VFA is the percentage of VMA filled with asphalt binder. Question 9: In an AC pavement the following are given: Bulk specific gravity = 2.368 Theoretical maximum specific gravity = 2.508 Aggregate specific gravity = 2.704 Asphalt content = 4.8% Determine the air voids, Voids in the Mineral Aggregate (VMA) and Voids Filled with Asphalt (VFA). Air voids = V V /V T = (G mm – G mb )/G mm = (2.508 – 2.368)/2.508 = 0.0558 or 5.6% VMA = 1 – (G mb (1 – P b )/G sb ) = 1 – (2.368(1 - 0.048)/2.704) = 0.166 = 16.6% VFA = (VMA – V a )/VMA = (0.166 – 0.056)/0.166 = 0.663 = 66.3% Question 10: What does Superpave stand for? Under the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) initiative in 1993, what were the three developments that lead to Superpave? Superpave: The Superior Performing Asphalt Pavement System. The 1993 SHRP initiative to improve materials selection and mixture design by developing: 1. A new mix design method that accounts for traffic loading and environmental conditions. 2. A new method of asphalt binder evaluation. 3. New methods of mixture analysis.

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