Group5_Lab8
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Civil Engineering
Date
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docx
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1
California State University, Long Beach
Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering Management
CE336 Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
EXPERIMENT NO. 8
Centrifugal Pump Experiment
Instructor: Dr. Loan Miller
Section #04
Submitted By: Group #5
Phu Nguyen - ID: 017491823
Nguyen Dang - ID: 017932640
Tai Duong - ID: 018280351
Quan Le – ID: 017039826
Date of performing the experiment: 10/29/2020
Date of submitting the lab report: 11/19/2020
2
Table of Contents
1.
Purpose of the study
........................................................................................................................
3
2.
Introduction
......................................................................................................................................
3
3.
Theory
...............................................................................................................................................
4
4.
Equipment and Experimental Set-up
.............................................................................................
6
5.
Discussion
.........................................................................................................................................
8
●
Table of Data and Results for Single Centrifugal Pump Experiment
....................................
8
Table 1
: Motor speed 50 Hz
.....................................................................................................
8
Table 2
: Motor speed 45 Hz
.....................................................................................................
8
Table 3
: Motor speed 40 Hz
.....................................................................................................
9
Table 4
: Motor speed 35 Hz
.....................................................................................................
9
Table 5
: Motor speed 30 Hz
...................................................................................................
10
●
Sample Calculations
.........................................................................................................
11
●
Graphs
............................................................................................................................
12
Figure 5:
The measured total head
Hd
for different flow rate
Qv
for different rotational
speeds
..................................................................................................................................
12
Figure 6-10
: The measured efficiency for different flow rate
Qv
for rotational speed 50 Hz, 45
Hz, 40 Hz, 35 Hz, and 30 Hz.
.................................................................................................
12
Figure 11-15:
The measured power output for different flow rate
Qv
for rotational speed 50 Hz,
45 Hz, 40 Hz, 35 Hz, and 30 Hz.
.............................................................................................
15
6.
Conclusion
......................................................................................................................................
17
●
Purpose of experiment:
....................................................................................................
17
●
Answer the questions:
......................................................................................................
17
●
Discussions
......................................................................................................................
18
3
1.
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this lab is to determine the performance characteristics of a single centrifugal
pump. When the motor was at a fixed speed, the flow rates through the pumps will all vary and
the efficiency of the pump at each speed will be determined. The pump efficiency at various
operating speeds will also be computed.
2.
Introduction
Centrifugal pumps are a radical flow rotodynamic machine. They are used to transport fluids
by the conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow.
Liquid obtains a high kinetic energy and is thrown outwards because of the high speed of the
rotation of the pump. In this experiment, the single pump operation is demonstrated. First, open
the sump drain valve of the hydraulic bench and close the discharge control manifold valve of
the centrifugal pump. Next, set the speed of the motor to be maximum which is 50 Hz and open
the discharge control valve. Collect the readings of the inlet head, outlet head from the pump’s
gauges and record the time to required to collect the water. Slightly close the discharge control
valve to change the head and record the readings of inlet head, outlet head, and time. Keep
gradually closing the discharge valve and record the data until a total of 6 sets of data is collected
for the motor speed of 50 Hz. Repeat all steps for the motor speed of 45 Hz, 40 Hz, 35 Hz, and
30 Hz, respectively. From the data collect, the power output and the efficiency of the pump are to
be determined.
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4
3.
Theory
Total Head from Bernoulli Equations:
H
=
P
2
−
P
1
γ
+
(
z
2
−
z
1
)
+
V
2
2
−
V
1
2
2
g
H
=
P
2
−
P
1
γ
+
(
z
2
−
z
1
)
+
0
(velocity is insignificant due to similar diameter of inlet and outlet pipes)
Where:
o
H is total head (m)
o
P is pressure (pa)
o
γ
is specific weight (N/m
3
)
o
z is the elevation (m)
o
V is velocity of flow (m/s)
o
g is gravity constant (m/s
2
)
Total Head:
h
h
(
¿¿
o
−
h
i
)
(
¿¿
do
−
h
di
)+
¿
H
d
=
¿
(pressure head can be read directly from the meter in mH
2
O)
Where:
o
H
d
is the total head (m)
o
h
do
is outlet head correction (m)
o
h
di
is inlet head correction (m)
o
h
i
is inlet head (m)
o
h
o
is outlet head (m)
Volumetric Flow Rate:
Q
v
=
V
t
5
Where:
o
Q
v
is the volumetric flow rate (m
3
/s)
o
V is the volume of flow (m
3
)
o
t is the time to flow (s)
Pump Power Output:
W
o
=
ρgH
d
Q
v
Where:
o
Wo is the power output (Watts)
o
ρ
is the density of water (N/m
3
)
o
g is gravity constant (m/s
2
)
o
H
d
is the total head (m)
o
Q
v
is the volumetric flow rate (m
3
/s)
Overall Turbine Efficiency:
η
t
=
W
0
W
i
×
100%
Where
o
η
t
is the overall turbine efficiency (%)
o
W
o
is the power output (Watts)
o
W
i
is the power input (Watts)
6
4.
Equipment and Experimental Set-up
Here are the pictures of all the equipment used for this experiment:
Figure 1:
Hydraulic Bench F1-10, Outlet-2 gauge is
located at the top and the sump drain valve is located
at the bottom
Figure 2:
Cylindrical cylinder used to
measure
the flow rate
Figure 3:
Centrifugal pump labeled with the motor
control portion, outlet-1 gauge and inlet gauge-1.
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7
Equipment Setup:
Figure 4
: Diagram of experimental
set-up
8
5.
Discussion
●
Table of Data and Results for Single Centrifugal Pump Experiment
No of
Obs
Motor
speed
Volume
Volume
Time
Flow rate
Inlet
head
Inlet head
correction
Outlet
head
Outlet
head
correction
Pump
power
input
Total
head
pump
power
output
Overall
pump
efficiency
n
V
V
t
Q
v
h
i
h
di
h
o
h
do
W
i
H
W
0
η
p
Hz
L
m
3
sec
m
3
/sec
m of
H
2
O
m
m H
2
O
m
Watts
m H
2
O
Watts
%
1
50
10
0.01
4.96
2.02E-03
-7
0.02
4
0.17
550
11.15
220.302
40.055
2
50
10
0.01
5.35
1.87E-03
-5
0.02
8
0.17
520
13.15
240.879
46.323
3
50
10
0.01
7.19
1.39E-03
-3
0.02
13
0.17
450
16.15
220.125
48.917
4
50
10
0.01
10.1
9.90E-04
-2
0.02
15.5
0.17
400
17.65
171.257
42.814
5
50
5
0.005
11.8
4.24E-04
0
0.02
18
0.17
300
18.15
75.369
25.123
6
50
1
0.001
9
1.11E-04
0
0.02
20
0.17
200
20.15
21.941
10.971
Table 1
: Motor speed 50 Hz
No of
Obs
Motor
speed
Volume
Volume
Time
Flow rate
Inlet
head
Inlet head
correction
Outlet
head
Outlet
head
correction
Pump
power
input
Total
head
pump
power
output
Overall
pump
efficiency
n
V
V
t
Q
v
h
i
h
di
h
o
h
do
W
i
H
W
0
η
p
Hz
L
m
3
sec
m
3
/sec
m H
2
O
m
m H
2
O
m
Watts
m H
2
O
Watts
%
1
45
10
0.01
6.37
1.57E-03
-5.5
0.02
2.5
0.17
430
8.15
125.385
29.159
2
45
10
0.01
5.72
1.75E-03
-5.5
0.02
5
0.17
420
10.65
182.465
43.444
3
45
10
0.01
9.33
1.07E-03
-3
0.02
10
0.17
370
13.15
138.124
37.331
4
45
10
0.01
14.7
6.80E-04
-1
0.02
14
0.17
290
15.15
101.000
34.828
5
45
2
0.002
24.6
8.13E-05
0
0.02
16
0.17
200
16.15
12.867
6.434
6
45
1
0.001
24.8
4.03E-05
0
0.02
16
0.17
200
16.15
6.382
3.191
Table 2
: Motor speed 45 Hz
9
No of
Obs
Motor
speed
Volume
Volume
Time
Flow rate
Inlet
head
Inlet head
correction
Outlet
head
Outlet head
correction
Pump
power
input
Total
head
pump
power
output
Overall
pump
efficiency
n
V
V
t
Q
v
h
i
h
di
H
o
h
do
W
i
H
W
o
η
p
Hz
L
m
3
sec
m
3
/sec
m H
2
O
m
m H
2
O
m
Watts
m H
2
O
Watts
%
1
40
10
0.01
7.08
1.41E-03
-4.5
0.02
1.5
0.17
320
6.15
85.127
26.602
2
40
10
0.01
6.07
1.65E-03
-4
0.02
2
0.17
310
6.15
99.292
32.030
3
40
10
0.01
8.42
1.19E-03
-4
0.02
4
0.17
300
8.15
94.857
31.619
4
40
10
0.01
8.09
1.24E-03
-2.5
0.02
7
0.17
270
9.65
116.897
43.295
5
40
10
0.01
18.72
5.34E-04
0
0.02
11.5
0.17
190
11.65
60.988
32.099
6
40
2
0.002
16.9
1.18E-04
2.5
0.02
12.5
0.17
150
10.15
11.772
7.848
Table 3
: Motor speed 40 Hz
No of
Obs
Motor
speed
Volume
Volume
Time
Flow rate
Inlet
head
Inlet head
correction
Outlet
head
Outlet head
correction
Pump
power
input
Total
head
pump
power
output
Overall
pump
efficiency
n
V
V
t
Q
v
h
i
h
di
H
o
h
do
W
i
H
W
o
η
p
Hz
L
m
3
sec
m
3
/sec
m H
2
O
m
m H
2
O
m
Watts
m H
2
O
Watts
%
1
35
5
0.005
10.93
4.57E-04
0
0.02
6
0.17
170
6.15
27.571
16.218
2
35
5
0.005
8.9
5.62E-04
0
0.02
9
0.17
140
9.15
50.376
35.983
3
35
5
0.005
12.86
3.89E-04
0
0.02
10
0.17
130
10.15
38.674
29.749
4
35
5
0.005
22.27
2.25E-04
0.5
0.02
10
0.17
110
9.65
21.233
19.302
5
35
5
0.005
41.73
1.20E-04
1
0.02
10
0.17
100
9.15
10.744
10.744
6
35
2
0.002
47.93
4.17E-05
1
0.02
10
0.17
100
9.15
3.742
3.742
Table 4
:
Motor speed 35 Hz
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10
No of
Obs
Motor
speed
Volume
Volume
Time
Flow rate
Inlet
head
Inlet head
correction
Outlet
head
Outlet head
correction
Pump
power
input
Total
head
pump
power
output
Overall
pump
efficiency
n
V
V
t
Q
v
h
i
h
di
H
o
h
do
W
i
H
W
o
η
p
Hz
L
m
3
sec
m
3
/sec
m H
2
O
m
m H
2
O
m
Watts
m H
2
O
Watts
%
1
30
10
0.01
9.27
1.08E-03
-2
0.02
2
0.17
130
4.15
43.873
33.748
2
30
10
0.01
11.24
8.90E-04
-1
0.02
5
0.17
120
6.15
53.621
44.684
3
30
10
0.01
19.07
5.24E-04
-0.5
0.02
6
0.17
100
6.65
34.174
34.174
4
30
10
0.01
35.58
2.81E-04
0
0.02
7
0.17
90
7.15
19.694
21.882
5
30
5
0.005
38.39
1.30E-04
0.5
0.02
7.5
0.17
80
7.15
9.126
11.408
6
30
5
0.005
67
7.46E-05
1
0.02
8
0.17
70
7.15
5.229
7.470
Table 5
:
Motor speed 30 Hz
11
●
Sample Calculations
No of
Obs
Motor
speed
Volume
Volume
Time
Inlet
head
Outlet
head
Pump power
input
n
V
V
t
h
i
H
o
W
i
Hz
L
m
3
sec
m H
2
O
m H
2
O
Watts
2
50
10
0.01
5.35
-5
8
520
Sample calculations are based on data above.
o
Liter to m
3
conversion:
10
L×
1000
c m
3
1
L
×
1
m
3
1
×
10
6
c m
3
=
0.01
m
3
o
Volumetric flow rate:
Q
v
=
V
t
=
0.01
m
3
5.35
sec
=
1.87
×
10
−
3
m
3
s
o
Inlet head correction factor is
h
di
=
0.02
m
o
Outlet head correction factor is
h
do
=
0.17
m
o
Total head:
h
h
(
¿¿
o
−
h
i
)=(
0.17
−
0.02
)+(
8
+
5
)=
13.15
m H
2
O
(
¿¿
do
−
h
di
)+
¿
H
d
=
¿
o
Pump power output:
W
o
=
ρgH
d
Q
v
=
9800
N
m
3
×
13.15
m H
2
O×
(
1.87
×
10
−
3
)
m
3
s
=
240.879
Watts
o
Overall turbine efficiency:
12
η
t
=
W
o
W
i
×
100%
=
240.879
Watts
520
Watts
×
100%
=
46.323%
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13
●
Graphs
0.00E+00
2.00E+00
4.00E+00
6.00E+00
8.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.20E+01
0
5
10
15
20
25
50 Hz
Linear (50 Hz)
45 Hz
Linear (45 Hz)
40 Hz
Linear (40 Hz)
35 Hz
Linear (35 Hz)
30 Hz
Linear (30 Hz)
Flow rate (m3/s)
Total Head ( m H2O)
Figure 5:
The measured total head
H
d
for different flow rate
Q
v
for different rotational
speeds
Figure 6-10
: The measured efficiency for different flow rate
Q
v
for rotational speed 50
Hz, 45 Hz, 40 Hz, 35 Hz, and 30 Hz.
0.00E+00
2.00E+00
4.00E+00
6.00E+00
8.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.20E+01
0.000
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
50 Hz
50 Hz
Linear (50 Hz)
Flow rate (m3/s)
Overall Efciency (%)
Figure 6:
50 Hz
14
0.00E+00
2.00E+00
4.00E+00
6.00E+00
8.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.20E+01
0.000
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
40.000
45.000
50.000
45 Hz
45 Hz
Linear (45 Hz)
Flow rate (m3/s)
Overall Efciency (%)
Figure 7:
45 Hz
0.00E+00
2.00E+00
4.00E+00
6.00E+00
8.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.20E+01
0.000
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
40.000
45.000
50.000
40 Hz
40 Hz
Linear (40 Hz)
Flow rate (m3/s)
Overall Efciency (%)
Figure 8:
40 Hz
15
0.00E+00
2.00E+00
4.00E+00
6.00E+00
8.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.20E+01
0.000
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
40.000
35 Hz
35 Hz
Linear (35 Hz)
Flow rate (m3/s)
Overall Efciency (%)
Figure 9:
35 Hz
0.00E+00
2.00E+00
4.00E+00
6.00E+00
8.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.20E+01
0.000
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
40.000
45.000
50.000
30 Hz
30 Hz
Linear (30 Hz)
Flow rate (m3/s)
Overall Efciency (%)
Figure 10:
30 Hz
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16
Figure 11-15:
The measured power output for different flow rate
Q
v
for rotational speed
50 Hz, 45 Hz, 40 Hz, 35 Hz, and 30 Hz.
0.00E+00 2.00E+00 4.00E+00 6.00E+00 8.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.20E+01
0.000
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
250.000
300.000
50 Hz
50 Hz
Linear (50 Hz)
Flow rate (m3/s)
Power Output (Wats)
Figure 11:
50 Hz
0.00E+00 2.00E+00 4.00E+00 6.00E+00 8.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.20E+01
0.000
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
160.000
180.000
200.000
45 Hz
45 Hz
Linear (45 Hz)
Flow rate (m3/s)
Power Output (Wats)
Figure 12:
45 Hz
17
0.00E+00 2.00E+00 4.00E+00 6.00E+00 8.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.20E+01
0.000
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
40 Hz
40 Hz
Linear (40 Hz)
Flow rate (m3/s)
Power Output (Wats)
Figure 13:
40 Hz
0.00E+00
2.00E+00
4.00E+00
6.00E+00
8.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.20E+01
0.000
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
35 Hz
35 Hz
Linear (35 Hz)
Flow rate (m3/s)
Power Output (Wats)
Figure 14:
35 Hz
18
0.00E+00
2.00E+00
4.00E+00
6.00E+00
8.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.20E+01
0.000
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
30 Hz
30 Hz
Linear (30 Hz)
Flow rate (m3/s)
Power Output (Wats)
Figure 15:
30 Hz
6.
Conclusion
●
Purpose of experiment:
The objective of this experiment is to determine the characteristic of a centrifugal pump by
operating a single pump. The flow rates and corresponding efficiency of the pump will be
determined in this experiment.
●
Answer the questions:
1. In terms of pump head, efficiency and rotation speed, discuss shape of the pump
characteristic curves for a single pump settings.
From figure 5, it can be concluded that the higher the motor speed, the higher total head of
the pump. Moreover, as the flow rate increases, the total head of the pump decreases. In terms of
efficiency, the results from table 1 to 5 shows that as the total head increases, the pump
efficiency increases to a certain point and then decreases, this applies for different speeds of
motor.
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19
2. How the head and flow rates are affected when the pump in series?
In parallel setup, the flow rate increases, and the pressure remains the same.
In the series
setup, the flow rate remains the same, and the pressure increases.
●
Discussions
Exercise 1:
1. Based on the Head vs Flow rate graph, discuss how the pump characteristic curve
changed with rotational speed.
From figure 5, it can be seen that the higher the rotational speed, the pump characteristic
curve looks more consistent as flow rate increases. And it can be seen that the curve is going
downward as flow rate increases.
2. Based on efficiency vs Flow rate graph, discuss how the pump characteristic
curve changed with the rotational speed.
From figure 5 to 10 (efficiency vs flow rate graph for different motor speeds), it is shown
that the pump characteristic curve all increases to a peak then decreases as flow rate increases.
Most of the pump characteristic curve shows a second-degree polynomial relationship.
3. Based on power vs flow rate graph, discuss how the pump characteristic curve
changed with the rotational speed.
From power output vs flow rate graph ( figure 11 to 15) , the pump characteristic curve
increases to a peak and then decreases as flow rate increases, just like efficiency vs flow rate
graphs, the pump characteristic curve shows a second degree polynomial relationships. The
higher the rotational speed, the higher the value of the vertex of the pump characteristic curve.
20
4. Based on the Head vs Flow, efficiency vs Flow rate, and power vs flow rate, what
is the optimum operating point at each speed test?
At the speed 50 Hz, point 3 is the optimum operating point with the flow rate 0.00139
m
3
/s, power output 220.125 Watts, and efficiency 48.917%.
At the speed 45 Hz, point 2 is the
optimum operating point with the flow rate 0.00175 m
3
/s, power output 182.465 Watts, and
efficiency 43.444%.
At the speed 40 Hz, point 4 is the optimum operating point with the flow
rate 0.00124 m
3
/s, power output 116.897 Watts, and efficiency 43.295%.
At the speed 35 Hz,
point 2 is the optimum operating point with the flow rate 0.000562 m
3
/s, power output 50.376
Watts, and efficiency 35.983%.
At the speed 30 Hz, point 2 is the optimum operating point with
the flow rate 0.000890 m
3
/s, power output 53.621 Watts, and efficiency 44.684%.
5. Discuss using the plot of head H
d
and Qv the effect of inlet suction head on the
performance of the pump.
No data was collected for Various Sump valve settings.
References
[1] Armfield, 2011, “
Centrifugal pump characteristics”
, Instruction Manual.
[2]
CE 336 Fluid Mechanics Student manual, 2019, CSULB
[3]
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics by B. R. Munson, D. F. Young, T. H. Okiishi, and W. W. Huebsch.
John Wiley & Sons, 7
th
edition.
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