Assignment04_ahmedh

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Durham College *

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CCA 1585

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Civil Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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Commercial Construction Principles Assignement 4: Masonry Structure 10% Student Name: _Hamza Ali Ahmed Mark xx.x/10 Answer the following question with appropriate detail in sentence form (point form is not permitted). Bullets points may be used where applicable followed by a sentence. Avoid one or two word answers as you are required to fully articulate your answers. When presenting a number always include units (50 mm or 1.20 meters ) When submitted please leave in Word format and do not zip or pdf file. In reference to the “Lanark County Garage” project, answer the following questions (Question 1 and 2 inclusive). Question 1 (2 mark) 1.1 Describe the size of the block and the reinforcing (horizontal and vertical) for the exterior walls of this project Answer: The exterior wall in this project is shown as W1 in the project diagram, which shows 100mm Brick Veneer, 190mm Concrete block Horizontal Reinforcing every 2nd course and Vertical Reinforcing 15M - 1200 o.c. 1.2 State the number of masonry block courses used on the exterior perimeter of this project. Answer: 69 brick courses (23 blocks). 1.3 Describe the size, construction and location of masonry bond beam and masonry lintels used on this project. Be specific on where each is used on the project. Answer: Bond Beam is used to tie the structure together and help in carrying the load, the masonry bond beam is shown in drawing A3 or A4 in Section A,B,C and D as number 5.In Masonry, the bond beam is 2-20m Rebar c/w 20 Mpa and in drawing S2 and S3 in Section 2,3 and 5 bond beam is 190mm c/w 2-20M rebar and in Section 4 the bond beam is 190mm c/w 2-15M rebar. Masonry Lintel is 190mm c/w 2 - 15M, c/w 20 Mpa, Concrete End Bearing = 300mm Each End. Page 1 of 5

Commercial Construction Principles Assignement 4: Masonry Structure 10% 1.4 Describe how the corrugated metal decking is supported along the interior masonry wall (between the garage and the storage room). Answer: In drawing S3, section 1, C150x12 Deck supports Anchored to wall as 1200mm o.c. used for support, in Section 2, 3 and 5 a 20M Rebar @ 1200mm o.c is used to support the wall. Question 2 (1 mark) 2.1 Describe the exterior brick veneer work (type, pattern, etc.) used on this project. Answer: In this project the Exterior wall has 90mm brick veneer, 25mm air space and in the floor plan the exterior wall is shown as W1 with 100mm brick veneer. 2.2 Describe the steel lintels (dimension where appropriate) used to support the brick over openings. Answer: In drawing S2, section 5 it shows steel lintel 90x90x9.5mm thick c/w 200mm End bearing and steel lintel used W200x31 steel beam c/w Flat plate for brick support. In reference to the “Mini Mart and Gas Bar” project, answer the following questions. Question 3 (2 marks) 3.1 Describe the exterior masonry finish on this project. Answer: The exterior finish wall is made of a concrete block of 100mm Ribbed. 3.2 How the exterior masonry finish is attached to the exterior of the walls? Answer: It is attached by 38x140 wood blocking. 3.3 Are there any interior walls on this project that are masonry? Answer: No, there are no interior masonry walls in this project. Page 2 of 5

Commercial Construction Principles Assignement 4: Masonry Structure 10% 3.4 Describe and state the sizes of the lintels over the exterior door openings (Storage and Washroom) for this project. Answer: The steel lintel used to support the steel door frame is 90x90x8 and the wood blocking is also used to support the door openings. Question 4 (2 marks) In reference to the “Utility Control Building” project, answer the following. 4.1 Describe the typical exterior wall construction indicated on sheet 3 of 4 (3/4). Answer: In this project the wall has 100 mm Face Brick, 25mm Air space, 75mm rigid insulation RSI 2.642, 190mm Concrete block (painted) c/w Horizontal wall reinforcing every second course and has 38x140 wood blocking anchored to concrete slab w/150 x 300 LG. Wall has 15M vertical masonry rebar @ 800 mm 0/c to support the wall, Thuru wall Rubberized flashing extended 400mm vertically. 4.2 Describe the bond beam for this project (including size of block, size & number of rebar and Mpa of concrete). Answer: In this project all masonry walls to top course bond beam c/w 2-15M rebar and 20Mpa concrete. All rebar grade 350 steel, rebar in concrete is 10M - 15M rebar Lap 200mm and 20M - 25M rebar Lap 250mm, has 190mm concrete block painted. 4.3 State the thickness of the typical exterior block compared to the interior block walls? Answer: The exterior block is 190mm concrete block while the interior of the wall is 100mm face brick having wall rubberized base flashing between them. 4.4 Describe the reinforcing for both the horizontal and the vertical for the exterior masonry wall construction for this project. Answer: 190mm concrete block wall c/w Horizontal wall reinforcing every second course and has 15M vertical masonry rebar reinforcing @ 800 o/c. Page 3 of 5

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Commercial Construction Principles Assignement 4: Masonry Structure 10% Question 5 (3 mark) 5.1 Research a masonry product of your choice and prepare a 3 paragraph (1 full page) report. Explain what the product is, how it is made (or what it is made from) and where it can be used. A picture or graphic should be used to illustrate your product and ensure you cite or reference your research. The masonry product I will be researching for this question is brick. Bricks are one form of building material that can be used to create masonry structures like walls, pavements, and other elements. Sometimes referred to as "artificial stone," fired bricks are one of the toughest and longest-lasting building materials, and they have been in use for many years. According to estimates, the first bricks ever found date back to 7000 BC (BrickHunter, 2020). These bricks were discovered near the ancient city of Jericho, which is now in southern Turkey. It is assumed they were constructed from mud clay, moulded into bricks, and then sun-dried outside. To produce brick, raw materials are needed. The fundamental component of a brick is made up of kaolin and shale, two naturally occurring clay minerals. Once we have the raw materials next is the manufacturing process which consists of six steps (BrickHunter, 2021). In the first step, a jaw crusher is used to crush and grind the dry, raw clay material. At this point, the other materials are added after the material has been reduced to tiny particles. The next step is forming the bricks, which happens from extrusion. The material is fed into one end of a pug mill after it has been crushed and ground into powder (BrickHunter, 2021). The material is then delivered into the extruder. The machine's end has an opening that is formed like a brick's cross section. In the third step, depending on the needs of the brick, some manufacturers may decide to add additional stages after extrusion. Such as chamfering or the addition of sand on some bricks. The fourth step is drying, as excess moisture removal is crucial (BrickHunter, 2021). If it isn't taken out, it will burn away during firing too quickly, causing cracking and destroying the brick. The process of fire is the main next step in the creation of bricks (BrickHunter, 2021). Bricks are typically transported into the kiln on the same cars that were used for the drying process. Lastly, the bricks need to cool down and then are unloaded. According to the National Research Council of Canada, Canada uses over 800 million bricks each year, produced by about 100 producers using clay, concrete, and calcium silicate (Government of Canada, n.d). There are many types of bricks with different uses. Common burnt clay is used in general clay, sand lime bricks offer great strength, engineering bricks have good load bearing capacity, and concrete blocks provide an aesthetic look. Bricks can be used for construction of walls, for buildings, roads, fences and many more (Rodriguez, 2022). Page 4 of 5

Commercial Construction Principles Assignement 4: Masonry Structure 10% References: A Brief History of Bricks and Brickmaking . Brickhunter. (2020, November 24). Retrieved March 20, 2023, from https://brickhunter.com/blog/a-brief-history-of-bricks-and- brickmaking#:~:text=The%20earliest%20bricks%20that%20have,sundried%20in%20the %20open%20air . How are bricks made? Brickhunter. (2021, February 5). Retrieved March 20, 2023, from https://brickhunter.com/blog/how-are-bricks-made Ritchie. (n.d.). Bricks . Canada.ca. Retrieved March 20, 2023, from https://nrc- publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=d6be0dc1-f80d-4ac4-9804-8aa18a5a7d0b Rodriguez, J. (2022, September 30). Ever wonder what bricks are made of? The Spruce. Retrieved March 20, 2023, from https://www.thespruce.com/bricks-types-uses- and-advantages-844819 Page 5 of 5

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