Literature Assignment #1 (pts. 1 & 2) - NUFS115 (1) (1)

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San Jose State University *

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115

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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Kaitlin Ngoc Pham NUFS 115 - Sec 01 Literature Assignment #1 - Part Two Article Link: https://csu-sjsu.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CALS_SJO/1nj5q0c/cdi_crossref_primary _10_1016_j_fct_2019_110959 Article Citation: Jansen, T., Claassen, L., van Kamp, I., & Timmermans, D. R. M. (2020). “All chemical substances are harmful.” public appraisal of uncertain risks of food additives and contaminants. Food and Chemical Toxicology , 136 , 110959–. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.110959 Title of Article: ‘All chemical substances arew harmful. ‘ public appraisal of uncertain risks of food additives and contaminates’ Author: Jansen Tom, Claassen Liesbeth, van Kamp Irene, & Timmermans Danielle Year of Publication: 2020 Title of Journal: Food and Chemical Toxicology Volume #: vol. 136 Page Range: p. 110959 In order to begin conducting my search for this article, I typed in “food additive effects (study or trial)” in the SJSU One Search system on the MLK Library website. Some filters I applied were time frame - 2011 to 2013, peer reviewed, food culture, food toxicology, and food.

Summary The purpose of the study, ‘All chemical substances arew harmful. ‘ public appraisal of uncertain risks of food additives and contaminates’, the purpose or goal is to determine if chemical presence and exposure really constitutes risk. Essentially, a risk assessment was performed over several contaminants and food additives. Public point of view is collected and considered to understand the thought process behind fool selection methods individuals use. Please keep in mind that although the general public evaluations are considered, the information can sometimes be inconclusive. Method Participants were recruited through a national online research panel (Flycatcher Internet Research, www.flycatcher.eu; ISO 26362) to fill out a questionnaire that followed a 5-point Likert Scale (completely disagree-completely agree). The sign up to participate was voluntary. Incentive participants may have had to sign up was the potential to earn points for participation and gain gift cards. There ended up being a total ofr 1550 participants. The article states, “The sample was a priori stratified on sociodemographic variables age, gender, education and geographical location to be comparable to the characteristics of the researched sample of the Dutch general population in 2018 based on data from Statistics Netherlands (2018)” (Jansen T., et al. 2020). Three additives / contaminants were chosen; Residues of Bisphenol (BPA), Residues of Mineral Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbons (MOAH), and Synthetic Amorphous Silica (SAS)). Once data was collected on beliefs and attitudes of individuals towards food chemicals, a general summary was drawn together. Major Findings

Majority of the participants were unfamiliar with BPA, MOAH, and SAS in foods. The negative connections between respondents and cognitive recognition of the harmful factors, means the awareness to risk was non-existent. Results showed that presence of SAS is foods is deemed to be significantly less severe than presence of BPA or MOAH. This is due to the fact that the risk assessment on the three contaminants/additives revealed higher risk levels for exposure to BPAand MOAH through food consumption. Limitations One major limitation from the start is that respondents can be dishonest on questionnaires. They could also misunderstand the phrasing of the questions, leading to an improper or invalid answer. On top of that, there is no way of telling if the participant is taking the questionnaire themselves, with someone else, or having someone else do it for them. Literature Assignment #1 - Part One Title of Article: Food Additives and Child Health Published In: Harvard Health Publishing Publishing Date: July 26, 2021 Written By: Claire McCarthy, MD Several common food additives and chemicals have been found to be harmful towards children. Over the course of many years, chemical addition to foods have increased significantly. It takes a combination of plastics, preservatives, and chemicals to make food not only taste good, but look appealing as well. This is called out more in depth in the policy statement “Food

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Additives and Child Health”, from the Academy of Pediatrics. Children’s health is more heavily impacted by food additives because considering their size is small, the dosage level could be considered twice as much as adult consumption levels. Kids are also still developing in every aspect of their bodies, making it difficult to tell exactly what effects could come of additive usage. The article discusses several additives that impose negative health effects in children: Bisphenols (BPA), Phthalates, Perfluoralkyl chemicals (PFCs), Perchlorate, artificial food colorings, and Nitrates and Nitrites. These additives can cause negative health effects in areas such as the thyroid, brain, immune system, fertility, and hormones. Certain additives or chemicals are also known to increase symptoms in children with ADHD or other attention deficit disorders.The AAP suggests several solutions for not only child consumption, but pregnant woman as well: consume/serve more fresh/frozen fruits and vegetables - reduce meat intake if possible, avoid microwaving food and drinks contained in plastic, use more glass and stainless steel materials, and most importantly - clean food and vegetables before consumption. Some tips the AAP suggests everyone follows to help not only our health but the environment as well as reducing consumption of canned foods/beverages, avoid fast foods / processed meats, familiarize ourselves with food labels/ingredients, and attempt making DIY at home cleaning products.