Pigment Written Signature Assignment v1.1.docx

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Chemical ThinkingPigment Written Signature Assignment v1.1| 1 Pigment Written Signature Assignment Your name: Angelica Rivera Your email: Angelicacrivera@arizona.edu Your lab partner’s name(s): Ciara Boyle Your lab partner’s email(s): ciaraboyle@arizona.edu Your lab instructor’s name: Daniel Chavez Your lab section: 5A All work must be very neat and organized . If you need to collect your thoughts, please use a separate sheet of paper. Written Signature Assignments are an individual effort for sections 6 – 9 of the present document (while sections 1 - 5 are a group effort). Please individually submit the completed document to the Pigment Written Signature Assignment D2L DropBox folder before the scheduled end of lab. 1. Exploration: Liquid-Liquid Extraction Exploration Results . In Table PPSA 1 below, present the key results from the Session 1 Liquid-Liquid Extraction Exploration where each of the four known candidate lake pigment components was separately tested in liquid-liquid (two-solvent) extraction (separation) systems, and the solvent in which most of the component resided was noted. You must name each dye (red dye, blue dye, etc.). Table PPSA 1 . Exploration: Known Candidate Pigment Component Liquid-Liquid Extraction Solubility Results Component Cyclohexane vs. NANOPure Water Cyclohexane vs. 1 M NaOH Cyclohexane vs. 1 M HCl Dye Red: two layers, a clear top and red clear bottom layer two layers, dark red on the bottom, clear on the top two layers, red on bottom and clear on top Dye Blue: two layers, clear light blue layer on the bottom, and more pigmented clear blue on bottom two layers, clear light blue on top, cloudy purple blue on the bottom layer two layers, clear on the bottom, blue on the top Dye Orange: two layers, a yellow clearish layer on the top with the orange dye dissolved in the bottom two layers, it has orange on the bottom and a clear layer on top two layers, orange is on the bottom and cloudy, mixed yellow and clear solution on the top Inert Binder three layers, the cyclohexane is still on top, there is a larger layer of bubble byproduct in between, and the binder sits on the bottom three layers, the cyclohexane sits on top, with a layer of binder byproduct in the middle, separating the alkaline and binder from the cyclohexane three layers, the cyclohexane sits on top, there is a layer of bubbles and byproduct of the binder, the binder is on the bottom of the acidic solution 2. Proposal 1 Outline . Present your Proposal 1 plan to separate each lake pigment component into independent containers and confirm the identity of each component in the form of an outline of the key (major) steps . Please be sure to number your key (major) steps for easy reference to specific manipulations/treatments. All solvents and dyes must be identified by name. This should largely follow from your Proposal 1 Worksheet of Session 1 , with any modifications from lab instructor feedback incorporated. You want a succinct but complete outline, that captures the important manipulations/treatments without unnecessary detail - you may have to renumber your original Proposal 1 steps, so only the key (major) steps are numbered . CHEM 151 PWSA v1.1 9-4-22

Chemical ThinkingPigment Written Signature Assignment v1.1| 2 1) Gather all materials that were laid out in the procedure. Take two 20ml plastic vials and add 10ml of cyclohexane into one and 10ml of acidic into the other. 2) Add the lake pigment into the dram and then 1ml of cyclohexane followed by 1ml of acidic. Shake until well mixed. 4) Draw out all of the pigment color on the top of the dram, and grab only the blue dye on the top. 5) Add the blue dye in each transfer pipette into a small plastic container, put it on the side. 6) Using the Hirsch Funnel for the last step, grab all required materials and turn on the vacuum. Place filter paper in the funnel and add a drop of acidic water to secure the paper in place. 7) Mix the orange binder solution from the bottom of the dram well into the funnel. Turn off the vacuum when the liquid is completely filtered and detach the tube. 8) Take the hersh funnel off of the filter flask and use forceps to grab the filter paper and place on a clean and dry watch glass 9) Clean up all materials and place all liquid and solids into the correct disposal bin. 3. Proposal 1 Implementation Results . In Table PPSA 2 below, present the principal (main) results obtained from implementing your Proposal 1 in Session 2. Use the step numbering scheme from your Proposal 1 Outline in section 2 of this document. Table PPSA 2 . Proposal 1 Implementation Results Step # Principal (Main) Results (Observations and Outcomes) for each Step 3 By mixing cyclohexane, acidic and the lake pigment all into one dram, we noticed two different colors, orange and blue. 4 The blue dye was on top and was cyclohexane. Cyclohexane was not needed for the next steps because the acidic water orange mixture contained the binder. 7 Once the binder is separated, we will have the orange solution with the binder on top of the filter paper. 4. Proposal 2 Outline . Present your Proposal 2 plan to optimize/improve the separation of each lake pigment component into independent containers and confirm the identity of each component in the form of an outline of the key (major) steps . Please be sure to number your key (major) steps for facile reference to specific manipulations/treatments. All solvents and dyes must be identified by name . This should follow from your Proposal 2 Worksheet of Session 2 , with any modifications from lab instructor feedback incorporated. Again, you want a compact but complete numbered outline, that succinctly captures the salient manipulations/treatments without extraneous details; this may require renumbering your original Proposal 2 steps . 1) After gathering materials that are required from the proposal plan, in a glass dram add together about 5 ml of cyclohexane with a spatula of the lake pigment. 2) Using the Hirsch Funnel and following the correct procedure, filter the cyclohexane pigment mixture through the flask using the vacuum hose and filter paper to separate the cyclohexane and dye from the binder. . 3) Save the filter paper on the side (this is the binder component). Pour the remaining cyclohexane solution into a dram with 5 ml of alkaline water and shake well to separate the dyes left over from the Hirsch funnel filtration. CHEM 151 PWSA v1.1 9-4-22

Chemical ThinkingPigment Written Signature Assignment v1.1| 3 4) We expect to obtain a two-layered solution of different colors, a clear blue-colored cyclohexane and the orange colored alkaline water. Separate these with a transfer pipette to attain your separated dyes and binder components of the lake pigment. 5. Proposal 2 Implementation Results . In Table PPSA 3 below, present the principal (main) results obtained from implementing your Proposal 2 in Session 3. Table PPSA 3 . Proposal 2 Implementation Results Step # Principal (Main) Results (Observations and Outcomes) for each Step 1 The cyclohexane mixed with the pigment created a green mixture with a layer of pigment at the bottom 2 The grey tinted binder was left on the filter paper at the top of the tunnel as the green cyclohexane mixture filtered into the flask with the other dyes. 3 The addition of alkaline to the mixture left a blue cyclohexane mixture on the top and an orange alkaline mixture on the bottom. 4 Able to accurately separate the dyes into two colors (blue cyclohexane and orange alkaline solutions) along with the already separated binder. 6. Claims . a) The lake pigment was composed of _four_________ different components. b) The optimal separation/isolation of the components was achieved in ____five_______ key (major) steps. c) The identity of the components was best accomplished by: ( State the approach/method that was most successful, concisely specifying the key steps and approximate volumes/masses. ) One of the components was vacuum filtration. The vacuum was most successful for taking out our binder component from the homogenous mixture. When using the Hersh funnel, no volume or mass had to be measured prior; however, the solutions used in this experiment were around 2ml. Centrifuge was another successful component in separating two solutions. This greatly helped isolate the colors and solutions and about 4ml (2ml of each solution) was used. The solubility properties of the pigment dyes were critical components for obtaining a separation in the dye colorings. In order to separate each dye, we needed to first understand which immiscible solution would separate the dye into two desired colors. (compare controls) CHEM 151 PWSA v1.1 9-4-22

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Chemical ThinkingPigment Written Signature Assignment v1.1| 4 7. Justification of the Claims . In complete, well-written sentences, explain how and why the observations and outcomes recorded above supports each of your claims. That is, build claims-evidence arguments by stating your reasoning that defends your claims using the experimental evidence . 7a. Justification of Claim in 6 a ) : The observations and outcomes support each claim above as we were successfully able to isolate each of the four lake pigment components. The data collected shows the optimal separation and identification of each lake pigment component. Each component consisted of a binder, red dye, blue dye and orange dye. CHEM 151 PWSA v1.1 9-4-22

Chemical ThinkingPigment Written Signature Assignment v1.1| 5 7b. Justification of Claim in 6 b) : ( A proper justification requires an analysis of the outcomes versus the expectations of the proposed plan to assess if the isolation worked, let alone if it was optimal. Should you respond with a step-by-step recounting of the procedure or a running narrative of the benchwork, you will receive a zero for this subsection, as that does not constitute a proper claims-evidence argument for this Project . ) The identification of the components was best accomplished by Hersh funnel, centrifuge and solubility of the dyes. Solubility of the dyes was determined first when we added the binder, cyclohexane and acidic water in Proposal 1. By seeing a separation of colors, we determined this method to be highly optimal. The second way this was accomplished was using a hersh funnel. This item was used in both Proposal 1 and 2. The hersh funnel allowed us to take out the binder from the homogenous mixture and allowed one of the four lake pigments to become isolated. The last identification used was the centrifuge. Centrifuge was used in Proposal 2 and we obtained a two-layered solution of different colors, a clear blue-colored cyclohexane and the orange colored alkaline water. The centrifuge was highly optimal as there was a clear separation between these two solutions. 7c. Justification of Claims in 6 c) : ( This requires presenting results/observations that verify/prove, to the limit of the resources available, the approach/method was successful in identifying the components. If you respond with a recitation of the procedure, you will not receive credit for this subsection, as that is not an appropriate claims-evidence structure for this Project . ) The hersh funnel was helpful in isolating the binder. We are confident in this claim as the original data we took relates to how the binder does not mix with certain solutions. Therefore in proposal 1 and 2, the binder did not mix with cyclohexane and we used the hersh funnel to fully separate each mixture. Centrifuge was also used, specifically in proposal 2. We isolated the cyclohexane and alkaline water fully and were able to determine the separation of both. Lastly solubility was another isolation method. From using the original data taken, we continuously mixed multiple solutions together to attempt to receive one outcome. After using the right solutions in the right order, we saw which solutions were soluble and which were insoluble. 8. Reflection 1 . In complete, well-written sentences indicate the important chemical ideals or concepts you learned through this Project . I have learned how chemicals react with one another and in this experiment was able to understand the solubility of each solution. By using certain isolation methods, my partner and I were successfully able to separate the components of lake pigment and learned how each solution reacts with one another. CHEM 151 PWSA v1.1 9-4-22

Chemical ThinkingPigment Written Signature Assignment v1.1| 6 9. Reflection 2 . How could you apply what you have learned in this Project to other contexts for practical purposes? (That is, discuss how and why what you learned in this Project may be important in your life, your studies, or future profession .) I have learned the solutilbility concepts of certain solutions used in this lab. I can successfully imply this knowledge to my Chem 151 class and to my future goal of becoming a pharmaceutical sciences. CHEM 151 PWSA v1.1 9-4-22

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