Lab Report 5

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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Experiment #5 Distillation and Boiling Point Date Preformed—March 15, 2023 Date Due—March 22, 2023 Experimental Objective
To separate a liquid mixture containing cyclohexane and toluene by heating the mixture till boiling. The components of the mixture differed significantly in boiling point which makes separation possible using heat and distillation apparatus. Reagents Used Cyclohexane Toluene MW 84.16 g/mol MW 92.14 g/mol b.p. 80.74 o C b.p. 110.6 o C Procedure Set-Up After connecting with another group our group was to complete the fractional distillation. A hot plate was preheated to 415 o C and a sand bath was placed on top to be heated. Cyclohexane (4.0 mL) and toluene (4.0 mL) was added to a round bottom flask (10 mL) with a boiling chip. A small amount of copper scouring pad inside of a reflux condenser. The distillation apparatus was set up by connecting the round bottom flask to the reflux condenser and Hickman distillation head. A thermometer was inserted to the apparatus for recording temperature. Fractional Distillation The round bottom flask which contained the 50% cyclohexane 50% toluene was fully submerged into the sand bath, so the mixture could reach the boiling point. As soon as distillate formed in the Hickman it was removed through the sidearm using a liquid syringe. The distillate was removed in increments of 0.15-0.51 mL. The volume of distillate collected and the temperature at the time was recorded. This was repeated until 6 mL of distillate was collected. Results of fractional and simple distillation were communicated between groups. Results I. Data tables Simple Distillation Total Amt. Temp Withdrawn 0.05 85 0.05 0.25 87 0.2 0.28 87 0.03 0.45 88 0.17 0.72 89 0.27 1.02 90 0.3 1.38 91 0.36 1.79 92 0.41 1.97 92 0.18 2.16 93 0.19 2.36 95 0.2
2.47 97 0.11 2.65 97 0.18 2.8 98 0.15 3.04 99 0.24 3.17 99 0.13 3.27 101 0.1 3.37 103 0.1 3.44 105 0.07 3.54 106 0.1 3.65 107 0.11 3.83 108 0.18 3.97 109 0.14 4.21 110 0.24 Fractional Distillation Total Amt Temp Withdrawn 0.27 81 0.27 0.54 82 0.27 0.64 83 0.1 0.79 83.5 0.15 1.09 82 0.3 1.33 82.5 0.24 1.51 82.5 0.18 1.66 83 0.15 1.78 83 0.12 1.94 83 0.16 2.1 83 0.16 2.26 83 0.16 2.41 83 0.15 2.46 85 0.05 2.66 99 0.2 3.06 105 0.4 3.32 107 0.26 3.76 108 0.44 4.27 108 0.51 4.65 108 0.38 II. Graphs made from data tables 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Simple Distillation Total Volume Extracted (mL) Temperature (Celsius)
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III. Discussion relating the experimental results to theoretical Results from the experiment aligned with theoretical results from the pre-lab lecture video. The graph from simple distillation appeared to have a linear line while the graph from fractional distillation had a sudden spike in temperature change from 83-100 o C. Though the simple distillation was not perfectly linear it was very close, this shows our experimental results relate very similarly to the theoretical results. Conclusion The fractional and simple distillation were completely successfully based on the graphs of the collected data. The amount of solution extracted from the distillations were both above 4 mL which allowed many opportunities to collect data. Fractional distillation took a while to spike, but after turning up the heat on the hot plate the solutions heat did start to rise. Once the heat had risen the distillation continued as normal and the procedure was successful. References National Center for Biotechnology Information (2023). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 8078, Cyclohexane. Retrieved March 15, 2023 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cyclohexane . National Center for Biotechnology Information (2023). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 1140, Toluene. Retrieved March 15, 2023 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Toluene . 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Fractional Distillation Axis Title Temperature (Celsius)