BIOS1035_Workshop_10_2023(1)
docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Western Sydney University *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
2023
Subject
Chemistry
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
11
Uploaded by PrivateSeahorsePerson1904
School of Science 2023
BIOS1035
ANATOMY
&
PHYSIOLOGY
IN
HEALTH
WORKSHOP-
10
OVERVIEW
Cells, tissues and organs
Objective 1 : Using the below figure-1 identify the various organ systems of the
body as marked. Point out at least two organs and one general cell from each organ
system.
AC TIVIT Y 1
2
Membranes That Line the Major Body Cavities
Objective 2 : Identify the membranes that line the major body
cavities.
Organs in the dorsal body cavity are wrapped in membranes called the
meninges
. You will study these membranes in more detail when you study the
nervous system later in the semester. Organs in the ventral body cavity are
wrapped in two-layered membranes called serous membranes
. Each organ is
wrapped in a thin layer of membrane referred to as the visceral serosa
. The
inside of the body cavity wall is lined in a thin layer of membrane referred to as
the parietal serosa
. Between the visceral serosa and the parietal serosa is
serous fluid
, which lubricates the membranes.
The serous membranes are given specific names according to the specific parts of the
ventral body cavity in which they are found. The membranes in the pericardial cavity are
the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium
. The membranes in the pleural
cavities are the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura
. The membranes in the
abdominopelvic cavity are the visceral peritoneum and the parietal peritoneum
.
Additional membranes, called mesenteries
, hold the organs of the abdominopelvic
cavity in place, attaching them to each other and to the inside of the body wall.
AC TIVIT Y 9
Obtain a balloon and blow gently to a medium size balloon using a balloon
pump and place a knot. Now press the balloon gently from top with your fist
and notice the inner balloon wall and the outer balloon wall separated with
air-filled cavity. Your instructor should demonstrate this for you.
QUESTIONS
Refer to Activity 9 and be as specific as possible with your answers.
2.
What does the out-balloon wall represent?
The outer balloon wall represents the parietal serosa in the context of the serous membranes discussed earlier. The outer layer of the balloon that is facing away from the air-filled cavity corresponds to the parietal serosa, which lines the inside of the body cavity wall.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
3.
What does the inner balloon wall represent?
The inner balloon wall represents the visceral serosa in the context of the serous membranes.
The inner layer of the balloon that is facing the air-filled cavity corresponds to the visceral serosa, which wraps around and covers the organs within the ventral body cavity.
4.
What does the air in balloon represent?
The air in the balloon represents the serous fluid that is present between the visceral serosa and the parietal serosa in the body’s serous membranes. The air-filled cavity in the balloon is analogous to the space filled with serous fluid in the body, which serves to lubricate the membranes and reduce friction between the organs and the body cavity walls.
5.
Pleurisy is a condition in which the serous membranes associated
with the lungs become inflamed. Inflamed serous membranes
typically produce less serous fluid than normal, and breathing
becomes painful when a person has pleurisy. Briefly explain why
serous fluid is particularly important for the lungs.
Serous fluid is particularly important for the lungs as it acts as a lubricant between the two layers of serous membranes, namely the visceral pleura covering the lungs and the parietal pleura lining the chest cavity. This fluid allows the membranes to glide smoothly against each other during breathing, reducing friction and allowing for effortless lung expansion and contraction. When serous membranes become inflamed in pleurisy, the production of serous fluid decreases, resulting in increased friction and painful breathing. Serous fluid is essential for maintaining pain-free and unhindered movement of the lungs, facilitating comfortable respiration.
Discussion Questions
1.
Automobile accidents are the common cause of abdominopelvic injury.
What are some other frequent causes of injury in the abdominopelvic
area? What are the common causes of automobile accidents? What
type of impact most frequently leads to abdominopelvic injuries?
In addition to automobile accidents, some other frequent causes of injury in the abdominopelvic area include, falls, sport injuries, blunt trauma (non-penetrating injuries from objects or blows to the abdomen).
Common causes of automobile accidents include distracted driving, speeding, drunk driving, reckless driving, and adverse weather conditions. Factors such as driver negligence, mechanical failures, and road conditions contribute to automobile accidents.
The type of impact that most frequently leads to abdominopelvic injuries in automobile accidents is frontal impact. Frontal collisions often result in the rapid deceleration of the vehicle, causing the body to move forcefully forward. This sudden motion can cause the abdomen and pelvis to collide with the steering wheel, dashboard, or seat belt, leading to internal injuries such as organ damage, fractures, or pelvic trauma.
2.
CT scans are used commonly in emergency rooms when a patient
needs to be assessed for the level of trauma to the abdominal pelvic
area. Why do they do this? What other ways do emergency rooms
assess the level of damage in the abdominopelvic area?
CT scans are commonly used in emergency rooms to assess the level of trauma to the abdominal pelvic area because they provide detailed cross-sectional images of the internal structures. CT scans can help identify injuries to organs, blood vessels, and bones, allowing healthcare professionals to accurately diagnose and determine the severity of the trauma. Other ways emergency rooms assess the level of damage in the abdominopelvic area include physical examination, which includes palpation and observation of external signs of injury, such as bruising or swelling. Additionally, laboratory tests may be conducted to assess blood loss, organ function, or presence of infection. Diagnostic imaging techniques like X-rays and ultrasound may also be used to complement the assessment of abdominopelvic injuries.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
3.
Which organs are injured most frequently in abdominopelvic injuries?
What is the impact on body functioning?
The organs that are injured most frequently in abdominopelvic injuries the liver, spleen, kidneys, and intestines. These organs are susceptible to injury due to their position and vulnerability to blunt trauma or compression forces. Injuries to these organs can lead to internal bleeding, organ damage, and impaired functioning. The impact on body functioning depends on the severity of the injury and the specific organ affected. It can range from mild discomfort or pain to life-threatening conditions such as hemorrhage, organ failure, or peritonitis. Prompt medical intervention is crucial to assess and manage abdominopelvic injuries to minimize potential complications and restore normal bodily functions.
4.
What are some common treatments for removing, or making less
evident, scar tissue on skin? What are the proposed mechanisms on
how these treatments would work?
Some common treatments for removing or reducing the visibility of scar tissue on the skin include: 1.
Topical treatments: These may include silicone gels or sheets, which create a protective barrier and hydrate the skin to improve scar appearance. They can also help
regulate collagen production.
2.
Corticosteroid injections: These are used to flatten and soften raised scars by reducing inflammation and suppressing collagen production.
3.
Laser therapy: Various types of laser treatments can be used to remodel scar tissue, stimulate collagen production, and improve the texture and colour of scars.
4.
Surgical revision: In some cases, surgical procedures such as scar excision or dermabrasion may be performed to remove or alter the scar tissue.
The proposed mechanisms behind these treatments involve promoting collagen remodelling, reducing inflammation, improving blood circulation, and encouraging the growth of healthier skin cells. These interventions aim to break down excessive scar tissue, stimulate the production of new collagen fibres, and promote a more even distribution of pigment and texture, ultimately leading to a reduction in the appearance of scars.
5.
What is the treatment for scar tissue in soft tissue areas around joints
and ligaments (contractures)?
The treatment for scar tissue in soft tissue areas around joints and ligaments, known as contractures, may involve a combination of approaches:
1.
Physical therapy: Stretching exercises, range of motion exercises, and manual therapy techniques can help improve flexibility and reduce contractures.
2.
Splinting or bracing: Wearing splints or braces can help maintain proper alignment and prevent further tightening of the affected area.
3.
Massage therapy: Techniques such as deep tissue massage or myofascial release can help break down scar tissue, improve circulation, and promote healing.
4.
Heat therapy: Applying heat to the affected area can help relax muscles, increase blood flow, and improve tissue elasticity.
5.
Injections: In some cases, corticosteroid injections or other medications may be used to
reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.
6.
Surgical intervention: In severe cases where conservative measures fail, surgical procedures such as scar release or tissue grafting may be considered to improve mobility and function.
The specific treatment approach will depend on the individual's condition, the extent of the contracture, and the underlying cause. A comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional is necessary to determine the most appropriate treatment plan.
Critical Thinking and Clinical Application Questions
1.
A nurse informed John that she was about to take blood from his
antecubital region. What part of his body was she referring to? Later,
she came back and said that she was going to give him an antibiotic
injection in the deltoid region. Did he take off his shirt or drop his
pants to get the injection? Before John left the office, the nurse
noticed that his left sural region was badly bruised. What part of his
was black and blue?
The nurse was referring to the antecubital region when she mentioned taking blood from John. This region is located on the inner side of the elbow, where the veins are easily accessible. For the antibiotic injection in the deltoid region, John did not need to take off his shirt or drop his pants. The deltoid region refers to the upper arm, specifically the muscle known as the deltoid muscle. The injection can be administered into the deltoid muscle without the need for removing clothing. The left sural region refers to the area at the back of the lower leg, specifically the calf. If the nurse noticed that this region was badly bruised, it means that the calf area on John’s left leg was black and blue, indicating the presence of significant bruising.
2.
A diagnostic radiographer told John that she was going to take an
image of his calcaneal region. What part of his body was she referring
to? Later, a nurse told him she was going to give him an injection
containing painkillers in his gluteal region. Did he take off his shirt or
his trousers to get the injection? When John next saw a
physiotherapist, the therapist noticed John has tenderness and
swelling in the tarsal region. What part of his body was tender and
swollen?
The calcaneus is a roughly rectangular prism-shaped bone located inferior to the
talus and posterior to the midfoot. For the injection containing painkillers in the
gluteal region, John did not need to take off his shirt. The gluteal region refers to
the buttocks, and the injection can be administered into the muscles of the buttocks
without requiring the removal of clothing from the upper body. When the
physiotherapist noticed tenderness and swelling in the tarsal region, it indicates
that the specific are affected is the tarsus or the ankle region. The tarsal region
includes the bones and soft tissues of the ankle, and John experienced tenderness
and swelling in this area.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
3.
Jennifer fell off her motorcycle and tore a nerve in her axillary region.
She also tore ligaments in her cervical and scapular regions and broke
the only bone of her right brachial region. Explain where each of her
injuries is located.
Jennifer’s injuries are located as follows: 1.
Torn nerve in the axillary region: The axillary region refers to the area of the armpit. Jennifer tore a nerve in this region, which is responsible for innervating the muscles and providing sensation to the upper arm and shoulder.
1.
Torn ligaments in the cervical and scapular regions: The cervical region refers to the neck, specifically the area around the cervical vertebrae. Jennifer tore ligaments in this region, indicating damage to the supportive structures of the neck. The scapular region refers to the area around the shoulder blade (scapula), and Jennifer also tore ligaments
in this region, potentially affecting the stability and movement of the shoulder joint.
2.
Broken bone in the right brachial region: The brachial region refers to the upper arm. Jennifer broke the only bone in her right brachial region, which is likely referring to the humerus bone. This fracture can significantly impact the function and mobility of the arm.
4.
Mr Harvey, a computer programmer, has been complaining about
numbness and pain in his right hand. His physician diagnosed carpal
tunnel syndrome and prescribed a splint. Where will Mr Harvey apply
the splint? Be sure to use correct anatomical terminology in your
answer.
Mr. Harvey will apply the splint to his wrist in the case of carpal tunnel syndrome. The splint will specifically be worn on the volar aspect of the hand, extending from the distal forearm to the metacarpals. It is designed to keep the wrist in a neutral position, preventing excessive flexion or extension. By immobilizing the wrist, the splint helps to relieve pressure on the median nerve, which passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This can alleviate the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome, including numbness and pain in the hand and fingers.
Related Documents
Related Questions
Refer to the numbered stages in the image above. How does the membrane permeability to Na+ and K+ change during depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization?
Place the blue markers in order from 1-5.
arrow_forward
Injecting an arterial fluid which is hypertonic to the moisture level of the body will ___.
add more water to the tissues
remove water from the body's tissues
bring salt and sugar molecules into the capillaries, they are removed in the venous drainage
cause decomposition to progress faster
arrow_forward
How does the principle of dialysis help clear toxic wastes from the human body?
arrow_forward
Cranial nerves are part of the central nervous system.
Select one:
True
False
The corpus callosum connects the cerebrum to the cerebellum.
Select one:
True
False
The effect of the somatic nervous system is always excitatory.
Select one:
True
False
The cerebral aqueduct forms cerebrospinal fluid.
Select one:
True
O False
arrow_forward
Lipoproteins are globular structures that are responsible for transporting lipids through the blood stream. Two types of
lipoproteins are LDL and HDL. Classify each description as applying to LDL, HDL, or both.
LDL
HDL
Both LDL and HDL
Answer Bank
transport excess cholesterol to the liver
transport cholesterol from the liver to other tissues
classified by their density
"bad" cholesterol
"good" cholesterol
help regulate lipid metabolism
increased levels are associated with atherosclerosis
consist of lipids and proteins
arrow_forward
Two 10-mL samples of urine have
specific gravities of 1.003 and 1.030.
What is the difference in weight, in
milligrams, between the two
samples?
O 270 mg
O 0.27 gm
O 27 mg
O 0.027 mg
arrow_forward
Give two examples of how the plasma membrane functions as more than just a covering of the cell’s insides.
arrow_forward
Identify the non-polar organic molecule which can pass freely through the plasma membrane.
CH3CH2OH (ethanol)
N2 (nitrogen gas)
CO2 (carbon dioxide)
C6H6 (benzene)
C6H12O6 (glucose)
arrow_forward
Can you please help me with this question?
As a dialysis patient, Michelle has a 4-h dialysis treatment three times a week. When she arrives at the dialysis clinic, her weight, temperature, and blood pressure are taken, and blood tests are done to determine the level of electrolytes and urea in her blood. In the dialysis center, tubes to the dialyzer are connected to the catheter she has had implanted. Blood is then pumped out of her body, through the dialyzer, where it is filtered and returned to her body. As Michelle's blood flows through the dialyzer, electrolytes from the dialysate move into her blood, and and waste products in her blood move into the dialysate, which is continually renewed. To achieve normal serum electrolyte levels, dialysate fluid contains sodium, chloride, and magnesium levels that are equal to serum concentrations. The table below shows Michelle's blood tests prior to dialysis showing the electrolyte levels in her blood are, and A dialysate solution that is…
arrow_forward
Is moved into a cell.
H₂D
Use the following diagram to answer questions 9 to 11
H₂O
water particle
sugar particle
H₂O
water particle
sugar particle
umo ariu carbon dioxide
H₂O
water partide
sugar particle
A
B
C
9) In which diagram(s) does water move into and out of the cell at the same rate?
10) In which diagrams(s) will the cell begin to swell?
11) Which diagram(s) shows what would happen if a cell were placed in salt water?
arrow_forward
In biological systems, a FACILITATED transport process is a form of _______ transport, where an important chemical component moves with the aid of a channel or similar structure. According to the course lectures, Zoom sessions, course lecture notes, and/or assigned course readings, one specific example of a facilitated transport structure in the cell membrane is _________ , which aids in the movement of a particular chemical component called __________.
A PASSIVE transport (or diffusion) process is one in which an important chemical component moves from where it is in concentration to where it is ________ in concentration.
Meanwhile, an ACTIVE transport process is one in which an important chemical component is moved from where it is in concentration, to where it is _________ in concentration.
Between passive and active transport, it is _________ transport that requires energy (of some form) to occur
arrow_forward
An 80 kg subject consumed a snack that contained 50 g of carbohydrate. Before eating the snack the subject’s blood glucose was 5.5 mM. Calculate the concentration of glucose (mM) that would be reached in the blood after consuming the snack.Assume that all the carbohydrate in the snack was converted to glucose, rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the extracellular water (ECW) within 30 minutes. Assume ECW is approximately 20% of body weight and the glucose is not metabolised further.
arrow_forward
Question 24
Which of the following occurs when red blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution?
O crenation
O they retain their shape
O hemolysis
O no one really knows; it's still a mystery
A Moving to another question will save this response.
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
$4
%
6.
7
W
R.
T.
Y
%24
4.
%#3
arrow_forward
One of the ways to diagnose biliary obstructive disease is that the patient will have clay-colored stool. This is caused by conjugated bilirubin flowing into the bile canaliculi for excretion.
Question 35 options:
True
False
arrow_forward
The Nernst Equation calculates the balancing point between 2 forces (gradients) that cause an ion
to move across a membrane. What are those 2 forces? Select 2 options:
pressure gradient
electrical gradient
O gravity
temperature gradient
O chemical gradient
arrow_forward
True or false.
1. In an immunoassay for drugs of abuse, any concentration greater than 0 is considered positive screen.
2. Traditionaly, drug screens are performed on blood samples because drug concentration in blood are much higher then in urine?
arrow_forward
Whenever I worked the problem i got the same answer as the expert solution by the answer my hoemwork gave me was .850atm
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Chemical Principles in the Laboratory
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305264434
Author:Emil Slowinski, Wayne C. Wolsey, Robert Rossi
Publisher:Brooks Cole

Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285869759
Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305960060
Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Related Questions
- Refer to the numbered stages in the image above. How does the membrane permeability to Na+ and K+ change during depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization? Place the blue markers in order from 1-5.arrow_forwardInjecting an arterial fluid which is hypertonic to the moisture level of the body will ___. add more water to the tissues remove water from the body's tissues bring salt and sugar molecules into the capillaries, they are removed in the venous drainage cause decomposition to progress fasterarrow_forwardHow does the principle of dialysis help clear toxic wastes from the human body?arrow_forward
- Cranial nerves are part of the central nervous system. Select one: True False The corpus callosum connects the cerebrum to the cerebellum. Select one: True False The effect of the somatic nervous system is always excitatory. Select one: True False The cerebral aqueduct forms cerebrospinal fluid. Select one: True O Falsearrow_forwardLipoproteins are globular structures that are responsible for transporting lipids through the blood stream. Two types of lipoproteins are LDL and HDL. Classify each description as applying to LDL, HDL, or both. LDL HDL Both LDL and HDL Answer Bank transport excess cholesterol to the liver transport cholesterol from the liver to other tissues classified by their density "bad" cholesterol "good" cholesterol help regulate lipid metabolism increased levels are associated with atherosclerosis consist of lipids and proteinsarrow_forwardTwo 10-mL samples of urine have specific gravities of 1.003 and 1.030. What is the difference in weight, in milligrams, between the two samples? O 270 mg O 0.27 gm O 27 mg O 0.027 mgarrow_forward
- Give two examples of how the plasma membrane functions as more than just a covering of the cell’s insides.arrow_forwardIdentify the non-polar organic molecule which can pass freely through the plasma membrane. CH3CH2OH (ethanol) N2 (nitrogen gas) CO2 (carbon dioxide) C6H6 (benzene) C6H12O6 (glucose)arrow_forwardCan you please help me with this question? As a dialysis patient, Michelle has a 4-h dialysis treatment three times a week. When she arrives at the dialysis clinic, her weight, temperature, and blood pressure are taken, and blood tests are done to determine the level of electrolytes and urea in her blood. In the dialysis center, tubes to the dialyzer are connected to the catheter she has had implanted. Blood is then pumped out of her body, through the dialyzer, where it is filtered and returned to her body. As Michelle's blood flows through the dialyzer, electrolytes from the dialysate move into her blood, and and waste products in her blood move into the dialysate, which is continually renewed. To achieve normal serum electrolyte levels, dialysate fluid contains sodium, chloride, and magnesium levels that are equal to serum concentrations. The table below shows Michelle's blood tests prior to dialysis showing the electrolyte levels in her blood are, and A dialysate solution that is…arrow_forward
- Is moved into a cell. H₂D Use the following diagram to answer questions 9 to 11 H₂O water particle sugar particle H₂O water particle sugar particle umo ariu carbon dioxide H₂O water partide sugar particle A B C 9) In which diagram(s) does water move into and out of the cell at the same rate? 10) In which diagrams(s) will the cell begin to swell? 11) Which diagram(s) shows what would happen if a cell were placed in salt water?arrow_forwardIn biological systems, a FACILITATED transport process is a form of _______ transport, where an important chemical component moves with the aid of a channel or similar structure. According to the course lectures, Zoom sessions, course lecture notes, and/or assigned course readings, one specific example of a facilitated transport structure in the cell membrane is _________ , which aids in the movement of a particular chemical component called __________. A PASSIVE transport (or diffusion) process is one in which an important chemical component moves from where it is in concentration to where it is ________ in concentration. Meanwhile, an ACTIVE transport process is one in which an important chemical component is moved from where it is in concentration, to where it is _________ in concentration. Between passive and active transport, it is _________ transport that requires energy (of some form) to occurarrow_forwardAn 80 kg subject consumed a snack that contained 50 g of carbohydrate. Before eating the snack the subject’s blood glucose was 5.5 mM. Calculate the concentration of glucose (mM) that would be reached in the blood after consuming the snack.Assume that all the carbohydrate in the snack was converted to glucose, rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the extracellular water (ECW) within 30 minutes. Assume ECW is approximately 20% of body weight and the glucose is not metabolised further.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemical Principles in the LaboratoryChemistryISBN:9781305264434Author:Emil Slowinski, Wayne C. Wolsey, Robert RossiPublisher:Brooks ColeChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Chemical Principles in the Laboratory
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305264434
Author:Emil Slowinski, Wayne C. Wolsey, Robert Rossi
Publisher:Brooks Cole

Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285869759
Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305960060
Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher:Cengage Learning