2-1 Intro to Molecules Lab Report Dr Z Edits

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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Introduction to Molecules Kristen Brown 11/10/2023 All images must include your handwritten name and date. Be sure you are using the correct colored ‘atom’ piece to represent each atom (see Week 2 Announcement and lab manual). All bonds must be connected to the atom pieces to complete the 3D model. Data Table 1a: Molecules from Group 1 Example Molecule 1 from Group 1 Molecule 2 from Group 1 Molecule 3 from Group 1 Chemical Formula H 2 Te KCl LiOH Na 3 P Activity 1 Dot Diagram Valence Electrons 2(1)+6=8 total 1(K) + 7(Cl) = 8 total 1(Li) – 1(H) + 6(O) = 6 total 3(Na) – 3(P) = 0 total Central Atom Te Cl Li P Lewis Structure Activity 3 Domains 4 2 3 4 Lone Pairs 2 0 0 0 Molecular Geometry Bent Linear Bent Tetrahedral Bond Angle 104.5 180 <120 109.5 ©2016 2 Carolina Biological Supply Company

3D Model (Activity 3 #1-3) Activity 4 Electronegativity 2.1-2.1=0.0 0.82-3.16=2.34 0.98-3.44- 2.20=0.26 0.93-2.19=1.26 Bond Polarity Yes or No No Yes No No Dipole Moment Yes or No No Yes No No Polar or Non-Polar Non-Polar Polar Non-Polar Non-polar Line Drawing/Perspective drawing. See Activity 3 #4 and Activity 4 #3 bond polarity vectors** **In the Line Drawing example there are no included vectors because the bonds are all non-polar. If your molecule has any polar bonds then you need to include the vectors in your drawings. All images must include your initials and the date handwritten in your images. Data Table 1b: Molecules from Group 2 Molecule 1 from Group 2 Molecule 2 from Group 2 Molecule 3 from Group 2 Chemical Formula CaCO 3 RaCl 2 CaCl 2 Activity 1 Dot Diagram Valence Electrons 2 + 4 + 18 = 24 2 + 14 = 16 2 + 14 = 16 Central Atom C Ra Ca ©2016 2 Carolina Biological Supply Company

Lewis Structure Activity 3 Domains 3 3 3 Lone Pairs 0 0 0 Molecular Geometry Trigonal Planear bent bent Bond Angle 120 <120 <120 3D Model (Activity 3 #1-3) Activity 4 Electronegativity 2.55-3.44= 1.00 0.89-3.16=2.27 1.00-3.16=2.16 Bond Polarity Yes or No Yes Yes Yes Dipole Moment Yes or No No No No Polar or Non-Polar Polar Polar Polar Line Drawing (Activity 4 #3 bond polarity vectors) **In the Line Drawing example there are no included vectors because the bonds are all non-polar. If your molecule has any polar bonds then you need to include the vectors in your drawings. ©2016 2 Carolina Biological Supply Company

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All images must include your initials and the date handwritten in your images. Data Table 1c: Molecules from Group 3 Molecule 1 from Group 3 Molecule 2 from Group 3 Molecule 3 from Group 3 Chemical Formula BF 3 GaCl 3 Al 2 O 3 Activity 1 Dot Diagram Electrons 3 + 21 = 24 3 + 21 = 24 12 + 12 = 24 Central Atom B Ga Al Lewis Structure Activity 3 Domains 3 3 6 Lone Pairs 0 0 0 Molecular Geometry Trigonal Planear Trigonal Planear Octahedral Bond Angle 120 120 90 ©2016 2 Carolina Biological Supply Company

3D Model (Activity 3 #1-3) Activity 4 Electronegativity 2.04-3.98=1.94 1.81-3.98=2.17 1.61-3.44=1.83 Bond Polarity Yes or No No No Yes Dipole Moment Yes or No Yes Yes No Polar or Non-Polar No No Yes Line Drawing (Activity 4 #3 bond polarity vectors) **In the Line Drawing example there are no included vectors because the bonds are all non-polar. If your molecule has any polar bonds then you need to include the vectors in your drawings. Data Table 2 Bonding Pair Electronegativity Difference Type of Bond Bond Polarity H and S 2.4-2.1=0.4 Polar H → S H and H 2.20-2.20=0 Nonpolar H + H → H 2 B and F 2.04-3.98=1.94 Nonpolar 2B + 3F 2 → 2BF 2 Ge and F 2.01-3.98=1.97 Polar 2Ge + 3F 2 → 2GeF 6 C and H 2.55-2.20=0.35 Nonpolar C + 2H 2 → CH 4 N and H 3.04-2.20=0.84 Polar N 2 + 3H 2 → 2NH 3 H and O 2.20-3.44=1.24 Polar 2H 2 + O 2 → 2H 2 O P and Cl 2.19-3.16=0.97 Polar 4P + 10Cl 2 → 4PCl 5 S and F 2.58-3.98=1.4 Polar S + 3F 2 → SF 6 Xe and F 2.6-3.98=1.38 Polar Xe + 3F 2 → XeF 6 ©2016 2 Carolina Biological Supply Company

Bonding Pair Electronegativity Difference Type of Bond Bond Polarity H and Cl 2.20-3.16=0.96 Polar H 2 + Cl 2 → 2HCl O and O 3.44-3.44=0 Nonpolar O 2 + O 2 → 2O 2 C and O 2.55-3.44=0.89 Polar C 2 + O 2 → 2CO Sn and Cl 1.96-3.16=1.2 Polar Sn + 2Cl 2 → SnCl 4 Photos Activity 2: Electron Domain Geometries All images must include your initials and the date handwritten in your images. Insert photos of each electron domain geometry into the spaces below. Linear Geometry – Two Electron Domains ©2016 2 Carolina Biological Supply Company

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