Report Submission - Directionality vs
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The University of Oklahoma *
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Course
1415
Subject
Chemistry
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
12
Uploaded by mollywells456
Report Submission - Directionality vs. Speed
(0.75pts) Directionality vs. Speed
How will you collect data for this experiment?
in-person
General Qualitative Observations
Record any general overall observations.
The Allura Red is a red solution and bleach is clear. When Allura Red and DI water is mixed
together the color becomes slightly lighter since it is being diluted. Once this solution is mixed
with bleach, the solution becomes even lighter. Once these solutions are in the cuvette the
color appears to be a very pale pink.
(2.75pts) Part I
(2/2pts)
Part I Demo:
Please record observations from the demonstration of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky
reaction
. Look for any changes that indicate that a chemical reaction is occurring (e.g. color
change, formation of a gas, or formation of a precipitate). Take care in describing the timing of
events.
Grading guidelines:
●
2.0 pts - Timing of observations is described in detail.
●
0 pts - Observations of the demonstration reaction were not given.
The Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction showed a change in color. The reaction started out with a
beaker filled with a clear solution and once the powder was added, it turned orange. As the
magnet began to stir the solution, the solution started to turn into a lighter orange and
gradually, it became clear. The solution then went back and forth between orange and clear. It
appeared that the solution turned back to orange faster compared to turning clear.
(0.5/0.75pts)
Do all parts of the reaction appear to occur at the same rate throughout? Explain both in
diagram and in complete sentences how the reaction proceeds. Consider how the reactions are
regulated.
Grading guidelines:
●
0.75 pts - Rate of color changes are clearly differentiated and diagram and sentences
clearly describe the reactions involved.
●
0 pts - Incomplete response.
No, the reaction does not occur at the same rate throughout. We know this from the color
change observed during the demonstration. The reaction moves in one direction which is
observed by the orange color and moves back in the other direction when the solution is clear.
The solution turned orange faster than it turned clear. Furthermore, this means that the
forward reaction, the oxidation, occurs faster than the reduction, which is the backwards
direction. The reaction is oscillating as it tries to achieve equilibrium.
(3.5pts) Part II
Use the following table to record concentration values from your prepared allura
red and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions.
Table view
List view
Use the following table to record concentration values from your prepared allura red and sodium
hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions.
Initial concentration
allura red (M)
Initial concentration
NaOCl
Trial 1
1.25E-5
check_circle
2.0E-3
check_circle
Trial 2
2.5E-5
check_circle
2.0E-3
check_circle
Trial 3
2.5E-5
check_circle
1.0E-3
check_circle
Trial 4
2.5E-5
check_circle
5.0E-4
check_circle
(0.75/0.75pts)
1. Determination of the reaction order with respect to Allura Red:
To find the reaction order with respect to Allura Red, you will need to prepare three graphs using
data from trials 1 and 2. These graphs will represent:
●
Graph 1: [Allura Red] vs time (trials 1 and 2)
●
Graph 2: ln[Allura Red] vs time (trials 1 and 2)
●
Graph 3: 1/[Allura Red] vs time (trials 1 and 2)
Upload these graphs in the prompt below.
Grading guidelines:
●
0.75 pts - 3 complete graphs are presented.
●
0 pts - Graphs are indistinguishable from each other.
cloud_download
lab 10 graphs.xls
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the tables you have are not important.
Enter the slope and R
2
from all three of your graphs of Trials 1 and 2 needed to
determine the reaction order with respect to Allura Red.
Table view
List view
Note that any answer could be correct given your data, be sure your submitted graphs justify the
following choice.
Slope
R
2
Graph 1: [Allura Red] vs time
- Trial 1
-1E-08
0.7859
Graph 1: [Allura Red] vs time
- Trial 2
-2E-08
0.3628
Graph 2: ln[Allura Red] vs
time - Trial 1
0.0059
0.9544
Graph 2: ln[Allura Red] vs
time - Trial 2
0.0034
0.0704
Graph 3: 1/[Allura Red] vs
time - Trial 1
3969.8
0.9777
Graph 3: 1/[Allura Red] vs
time - Trial 2
5290.9
0.0796
(0.13/0.13pts)
Based on your graphs for Trials 1 and 2, what is the reaction order with respect to Allura Red?
Choose...0th order1st order2nd order
check_circle
(0.25/0.25pts)
2. Determination of the reaction order with respect to Sodium Hypochlorite. Upload files to
support the determination of the reaction order of bleach.
Grading guidelines:
●
0.25 pts - A complete graph is presented.
●
0 pts - Graphs is incorrect for this purpose.
cloud_download
Lab 10 graphs -2-.xlsx
Enter the slope and R
2
from the best fit lines of Trials 3 and 4 in the graph
above.
Table view
List view
Note that any answer could be correct given your data, be sure your submitted graphs justify the
following choice.
Slope
R
2
Trial 3
442.53
0.0932
Trial 4
102.97
0.0088
(0/0.13pts)
Based on your graph for Trials 3 and 4, what is the reaction order with respect to Sodium
Hypochlorite?
Choose...0th order1st order2nd order
highlight_off
(-0.125 pts)
(0/0.25pts)
Determine the rate constant, k, using data from Trials 3 or 4.
highlight_off
(-0.25 pts)
You did not provide a response.
Solution:
Recall that k' = k[NaOCl]
(9pts) Lab Report
Questions to guide your Discussion/Conclusion
:
1.
Summarize your results and present your justification for using the graphs that you did to
determine the order of the reaction.
2.
Write the experimental rate law that you determined.
3.
The rate constant, k, should remain constant unless the temperature is changed. Do your
results support this statement within the limitations of expected experimental error? If
not, propose the reasons why.
4.
Does your data agree with the assumption made in Analysis 3a that the reaction is first
order with respect to sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl?
(1/1pts)
Title
Grading guidelines:
●
1 pt - Descriptive title
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●
0 pts - Response is missing
Finding Rate of Reaction When Allura Red Interacts with Bleach Using Spectroscopy.
(1/1pts)
Introduction
Grading guidelines:
●
1 pt - Background and hypothesis are both presented clearly.
●
0 pts - Introduction does not clearly communicate either the background content or a
hypothesis
When water interacts with copper, it results in the copper rusting; however, this only happens
after a few years. Moreover, when sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid interact, a reaction will
occur as soon as the two solutions are added in the solution. Each chemical reaction occurs at
a different and unique reaction rate. The difference is due to kinetic energy because it
determines the rate of reaction from how slow or fast it occurs. Furthermore, the rate law
describes the duration required for a reaction to progress from its initiation to its completion.
The lab has two separate parts. The first part was demonstrated by the lab TA. We were shown
a reaction of different solutions and salts being mixed to produce an oscillation reaction. The
second part of the lab was done by the students. We got to mix the bleach and Allura red at
different concentrations. We used a spectrophotometer to find the changing concentration at
over a 660 second period. Moreover, we were able to find the rate of the reaction.
Reaction
rates can be identified into three categories: zero order, first order, and second order,
depending on their characteristics. The determination of a reaction's order is primarily based
on its concentration. In our experiment, the variables that were studied were the
concentrations of Allura Red and bleach as the independent variable. The absorbance was
measured by the spectrophotometer and was labeled as the dependent variable. Our
hypothesis suggests that the reaction involving Allura Red will follow a first-order rate law.
(2/2pts)
Methods
Grading guidelines:
●
2 pts - Well-written paragraph form summary of the procedure.
●
0 pts - Method is not presented.
For the lab experiment, we began by preparing 45 mL each of Allura Red and bleach in
separate beakers. We then calibrated the LabQuest Spectrometer with DI water and set it to a
502 nm wavelength. We followed Table 1 in the lab manual to create the solutions for each
trial. In different trials, varying concentrations of Allura Red and bleach were mixed with water.
The mixtures were combined, with bleach added to the Allura Red solution. We started the
spectrophotometer when the two solutions were mixed together. Once mixed together, they
were placed in the spectrophotometer's cuvette for data collection at 30-second intervals over
660 seconds. The process was repeated for the four trials with different reactant volumes.
After completing the experiments, all equipment was cleaned and stored. Moreover, we
observed a demonstration of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction that involved a mixture of
chemicals such as sulfuric acid, malonic acid, potassium bromate, and manganese (II) sulfate,
showcasing an oscillation reaction.
(2/2pts)
Results
Grading guidelines:
●
2 pts - Tables, Figures and raw data presented appropriately with correct units and
formatting
●
0 pts - Significant portions of the lab are not reported.
This graph, labeled as Figure 1, illustrates the change in concentration of Allura Red dye over
time for two separate trials. Incorporating, Beer's Law to calculate concentration from
absorbance data, the graph plots these concentrations against time in seconds. In both Trial 1
and Trial 2, the results show a decrease in the concentration of Allura Red throughout the
experiment.
Figure 2 represents the natural logarithm (ln) of the concentration of Allura Red dye versus
time, for two separate trials. The data points on the graph show that the natural log of the
concentration decreases rapidly at the beginning and then levels off. Furthermore, the results
indicate a rapid initial reaction that slows down over time.
Figure 3 shows the inverse of Allura Red concentration is plotted against time for two trials.
The sharp decline is followed by a slow increase in the graph which further indicates that the
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reaction may not be first-order, as one would expect a straight line in a first-order reaction plot
of 1/concentration vs. time. The curvature in this graph could imply a second-order reaction,
where the rate is proportional to the square of the concentration of Allura Red.
Figure 4 shows the natural logarithm of the concentration of Allura Red against time. The
upward trend of the graph is atypical for a reaction concentration plot, as one would expect a
decrease in ln(concentration) over time for a reaction where the concentration of the reactant
decreases. Furthermore, the results indicate could mean there was a data recording error, an
unusual reaction behavior, or other external factors that could lead to this error.
(1.5/2pts)
Discussion & Conclusion
Grading guidelines:
●
2 pts - Explanations include a molecular-level understanding of the system, are clear and
well-reasoned.
●
0 pts - Discussion/Conclusion does not expand on the results presented above, gives no
further insight.
The hypothesis predicted that the reaction order of the Allura Red and bleach solution will both
be first order. The data showed a consistent decrease in the absorbance of Allura Red over
time. When the natural logarithm of the absorbance values was plotted against time, it showed
a linear trend. Furthermore, this linearity is a hallmark of first-order reactions. The bleach
component also indicates a linear relationship in its absorbance-time plot; therefore,
confirming the hypothesis. These findings are significant as they are important and relevant in
both industrial and environmental topics. It is essential to consider potential experimental
limitations and error. Some can include precision error in measuring concentrations and
controlling reaction conditions. Future studies should be done to benefit this work by
examining the effects of varying concentrations and temperatures on the reaction kinetics to
provide a more structural and supportive understanding.
(1/1pts)
Literature Cited
Grading guidelines:
●
1 pt - References in ACS format, in a numbered list.
●
0 pts - References do not apply, are copied from the manual or missing
Clark, J. The Beer-Lambert Law
https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Spectroscopy/Ele
ctronic _Spectroscopy/Electronic_Spectroscopy_Basics/The_Beer-Lambert_Law
(accessed Nov 14, 2023).
Curtis, Rachael, et al. “2.3: First-Order Reactions.” Chemistry LibreTexts, 2 Oct. 2013,
chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/
Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Kinetics/02%3A_Reactio
n_Rates/2.03%3A_First-Order_Reactions.
Lower, S. Reaction Order
https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Rate_La
ws/The _Rate_Law/Reaction_Order (accessed Nov 14, 2023).
Martyn, T., Directionality vs. Speed; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry:
University of Oklahoma, 2018; pp 1-8.
Total: 14.88/16 pts
You have 0 attempts remaining.
Activity closed on Thursday 11/16/2023 12:00AM(CST)
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- The experiment involves diluting a 16% sugar solution, prepared by dissolving 16 g of sugar in 100 mL water. Three different solutions are prepared by mixing the 16% sugar solution with various volumes of water.Make appropriate choices from the dropdowns. Work from left to right. Each answer can be calculated from numbers to the left of it in the row. The objective is to calculate the number in the right-hand most column in each row (% sugar in the solution). 16% sugar solution taken / mL water added/ mL diluted solution / mL Dilutionfactor % sugarin diluted solution 25 25 [ Select right answer] ["50", "25", "100", "150"] [ Select right answer] ["1", "0.5", "2"] [ Select right answer] ["8", "50", "12.5", "25"] 25 8.3 [ Select right answer]…arrow_forwardSTANDARD SAMPLE PREPARATIONS FOR ABSORBANCE & CONCENTRATION DATA Concentration of stock nickel sulfate hexahydrate solution = .400 Molarity Sample Volume Absorbance Concentration (In Molarity) a 5 mL .179 10 mL .329 15 mL .588 20 mL .760 25 mL .939 Reference Blank = 0 Please show how to find Molarity, please show steps. Thank you and stay safe.arrow_forwardPlease answer fast i give you upvote.arrow_forward
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