Report Submission - Directionality vs

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Report Submission - Directionality vs. Speed (0.75pts) Directionality vs. Speed How will you collect data for this experiment? in-person General Qualitative Observations Record any general overall observations. The Allura Red is a red solution and bleach is clear. When Allura Red and DI water is mixed together the color becomes slightly lighter since it is being diluted. Once this solution is mixed with bleach, the solution becomes even lighter. Once these solutions are in the cuvette the color appears to be a very pale pink. (2.75pts) Part I (2/2pts) Part I Demo: Please record observations from the demonstration of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction . Look for any changes that indicate that a chemical reaction is occurring (e.g. color change, formation of a gas, or formation of a precipitate). Take care in describing the timing of events. Grading guidelines: 2.0 pts - Timing of observations is described in detail. 0 pts - Observations of the demonstration reaction were not given. The Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction showed a change in color. The reaction started out with a beaker filled with a clear solution and once the powder was added, it turned orange. As the magnet began to stir the solution, the solution started to turn into a lighter orange and gradually, it became clear. The solution then went back and forth between orange and clear. It appeared that the solution turned back to orange faster compared to turning clear.
(0.5/0.75pts) Do all parts of the reaction appear to occur at the same rate throughout? Explain both in diagram and in complete sentences how the reaction proceeds. Consider how the reactions are regulated. Grading guidelines: 0.75 pts - Rate of color changes are clearly differentiated and diagram and sentences clearly describe the reactions involved. 0 pts - Incomplete response. No, the reaction does not occur at the same rate throughout. We know this from the color change observed during the demonstration. The reaction moves in one direction which is observed by the orange color and moves back in the other direction when the solution is clear. The solution turned orange faster than it turned clear. Furthermore, this means that the forward reaction, the oxidation, occurs faster than the reduction, which is the backwards direction. The reaction is oscillating as it tries to achieve equilibrium. (3.5pts) Part II Use the following table to record concentration values from your prepared allura red and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions. Table view List view Use the following table to record concentration values from your prepared allura red and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions. Initial concentration allura red (M) Initial concentration NaOCl Trial 1 1.25E-5 check_circle 2.0E-3 check_circle
Trial 2 2.5E-5 check_circle 2.0E-3 check_circle Trial 3 2.5E-5 check_circle 1.0E-3 check_circle Trial 4 2.5E-5 check_circle 5.0E-4 check_circle (0.75/0.75pts) 1. Determination of the reaction order with respect to Allura Red: To find the reaction order with respect to Allura Red, you will need to prepare three graphs using data from trials 1 and 2. These graphs will represent: Graph 1: [Allura Red] vs time (trials 1 and 2) Graph 2: ln[Allura Red] vs time (trials 1 and 2) Graph 3: 1/[Allura Red] vs time (trials 1 and 2) Upload these graphs in the prompt below. Grading guidelines: 0.75 pts - 3 complete graphs are presented. 0 pts - Graphs are indistinguishable from each other. cloud_download lab 10 graphs.xls
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the tables you have are not important. Enter the slope and R 2 from all three of your graphs of Trials 1 and 2 needed to determine the reaction order with respect to Allura Red. Table view List view Note that any answer could be correct given your data, be sure your submitted graphs justify the following choice. Slope R 2 Graph 1: [Allura Red] vs time - Trial 1 -1E-08 0.7859 Graph 1: [Allura Red] vs time - Trial 2 -2E-08 0.3628 Graph 2: ln[Allura Red] vs time - Trial 1 0.0059 0.9544 Graph 2: ln[Allura Red] vs time - Trial 2 0.0034 0.0704 Graph 3: 1/[Allura Red] vs time - Trial 1 3969.8 0.9777 Graph 3: 1/[Allura Red] vs time - Trial 2 5290.9 0.0796 (0.13/0.13pts)
Based on your graphs for Trials 1 and 2, what is the reaction order with respect to Allura Red? Choose...0th order1st order2nd order check_circle (0.25/0.25pts) 2. Determination of the reaction order with respect to Sodium Hypochlorite. Upload files to support the determination of the reaction order of bleach. Grading guidelines: 0.25 pts - A complete graph is presented. 0 pts - Graphs is incorrect for this purpose. cloud_download Lab 10 graphs -2-.xlsx Enter the slope and R 2 from the best fit lines of Trials 3 and 4 in the graph above. Table view List view Note that any answer could be correct given your data, be sure your submitted graphs justify the following choice. Slope R 2 Trial 3 442.53 0.0932 Trial 4 102.97 0.0088
(0/0.13pts) Based on your graph for Trials 3 and 4, what is the reaction order with respect to Sodium Hypochlorite? Choose...0th order1st order2nd order highlight_off (-0.125 pts) (0/0.25pts) Determine the rate constant, k, using data from Trials 3 or 4. highlight_off (-0.25 pts) You did not provide a response. Solution: Recall that k' = k[NaOCl] (9pts) Lab Report Questions to guide your Discussion/Conclusion : 1. Summarize your results and present your justification for using the graphs that you did to determine the order of the reaction. 2. Write the experimental rate law that you determined. 3. The rate constant, k, should remain constant unless the temperature is changed. Do your results support this statement within the limitations of expected experimental error? If not, propose the reasons why. 4. Does your data agree with the assumption made in Analysis 3a that the reaction is first order with respect to sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl? (1/1pts) Title Grading guidelines: 1 pt - Descriptive title
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0 pts - Response is missing Finding Rate of Reaction When Allura Red Interacts with Bleach Using Spectroscopy. (1/1pts) Introduction Grading guidelines: 1 pt - Background and hypothesis are both presented clearly. 0 pts - Introduction does not clearly communicate either the background content or a hypothesis When water interacts with copper, it results in the copper rusting; however, this only happens after a few years. Moreover, when sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid interact, a reaction will occur as soon as the two solutions are added in the solution. Each chemical reaction occurs at a different and unique reaction rate. The difference is due to kinetic energy because it determines the rate of reaction from how slow or fast it occurs. Furthermore, the rate law describes the duration required for a reaction to progress from its initiation to its completion. The lab has two separate parts. The first part was demonstrated by the lab TA. We were shown a reaction of different solutions and salts being mixed to produce an oscillation reaction. The second part of the lab was done by the students. We got to mix the bleach and Allura red at different concentrations. We used a spectrophotometer to find the changing concentration at over a 660 second period. Moreover, we were able to find the rate of the reaction. Reaction rates can be identified into three categories: zero order, first order, and second order, depending on their characteristics. The determination of a reaction's order is primarily based on its concentration. In our experiment, the variables that were studied were the concentrations of Allura Red and bleach as the independent variable. The absorbance was measured by the spectrophotometer and was labeled as the dependent variable. Our hypothesis suggests that the reaction involving Allura Red will follow a first-order rate law. (2/2pts) Methods Grading guidelines:
2 pts - Well-written paragraph form summary of the procedure. 0 pts - Method is not presented. For the lab experiment, we began by preparing 45 mL each of Allura Red and bleach in separate beakers. We then calibrated the LabQuest Spectrometer with DI water and set it to a 502 nm wavelength. We followed Table 1 in the lab manual to create the solutions for each trial. In different trials, varying concentrations of Allura Red and bleach were mixed with water. The mixtures were combined, with bleach added to the Allura Red solution. We started the spectrophotometer when the two solutions were mixed together. Once mixed together, they were placed in the spectrophotometer's cuvette for data collection at 30-second intervals over 660 seconds. The process was repeated for the four trials with different reactant volumes. After completing the experiments, all equipment was cleaned and stored. Moreover, we observed a demonstration of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction that involved a mixture of chemicals such as sulfuric acid, malonic acid, potassium bromate, and manganese (II) sulfate, showcasing an oscillation reaction. (2/2pts) Results Grading guidelines: 2 pts - Tables, Figures and raw data presented appropriately with correct units and formatting 0 pts - Significant portions of the lab are not reported.
This graph, labeled as Figure 1, illustrates the change in concentration of Allura Red dye over time for two separate trials. Incorporating, Beer's Law to calculate concentration from absorbance data, the graph plots these concentrations against time in seconds. In both Trial 1 and Trial 2, the results show a decrease in the concentration of Allura Red throughout the experiment. Figure 2 represents the natural logarithm (ln) of the concentration of Allura Red dye versus time, for two separate trials. The data points on the graph show that the natural log of the concentration decreases rapidly at the beginning and then levels off. Furthermore, the results indicate a rapid initial reaction that slows down over time. Figure 3 shows the inverse of Allura Red concentration is plotted against time for two trials. The sharp decline is followed by a slow increase in the graph which further indicates that the
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reaction may not be first-order, as one would expect a straight line in a first-order reaction plot of 1/concentration vs. time. The curvature in this graph could imply a second-order reaction, where the rate is proportional to the square of the concentration of Allura Red. Figure 4 shows the natural logarithm of the concentration of Allura Red against time. The upward trend of the graph is atypical for a reaction concentration plot, as one would expect a decrease in ln(concentration) over time for a reaction where the concentration of the reactant decreases. Furthermore, the results indicate could mean there was a data recording error, an unusual reaction behavior, or other external factors that could lead to this error. (1.5/2pts) Discussion & Conclusion Grading guidelines: 2 pts - Explanations include a molecular-level understanding of the system, are clear and well-reasoned. 0 pts - Discussion/Conclusion does not expand on the results presented above, gives no further insight. The hypothesis predicted that the reaction order of the Allura Red and bleach solution will both be first order. The data showed a consistent decrease in the absorbance of Allura Red over time. When the natural logarithm of the absorbance values was plotted against time, it showed
a linear trend. Furthermore, this linearity is a hallmark of first-order reactions. The bleach component also indicates a linear relationship in its absorbance-time plot; therefore, confirming the hypothesis. These findings are significant as they are important and relevant in both industrial and environmental topics. It is essential to consider potential experimental limitations and error. Some can include precision error in measuring concentrations and controlling reaction conditions. Future studies should be done to benefit this work by examining the effects of varying concentrations and temperatures on the reaction kinetics to provide a more structural and supportive understanding. (1/1pts) Literature Cited Grading guidelines: 1 pt - References in ACS format, in a numbered list. 0 pts - References do not apply, are copied from the manual or missing Clark, J. The Beer-Lambert Law https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Spectroscopy/Ele ctronic _Spectroscopy/Electronic_Spectroscopy_Basics/The_Beer-Lambert_Law (accessed Nov 14, 2023). Curtis, Rachael, et al. “2.3: First-Order Reactions.” Chemistry LibreTexts, 2 Oct. 2013, chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/ Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Kinetics/02%3A_Reactio n_Rates/2.03%3A_First-Order_Reactions. Lower, S. Reaction Order https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Rate_La ws/The _Rate_Law/Reaction_Order (accessed Nov 14, 2023). Martyn, T., Directionality vs. Speed; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry: University of Oklahoma, 2018; pp 1-8. Total: 14.88/16 pts You have 0 attempts remaining. Activity closed on Thursday 11/16/2023 12:00AM(CST)
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