C683experiment2

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Jan 9, 2024

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Samantha Jones 008465883 Kim Shahi C683 11/18/2022 Natural Science Lab The chemical reaction that occurs when baking soda (Sodium Bicarbonate) and vinegar (dilute acetic acid) mix together produces carbon dioxide gas. This gas cannot be seen but can be trapped. For this experiment I will be looking to not only see if this gas is able to inflate a balloon but also if the amount baking soda introduced to vinegar is a factor in how much gas is produced. I believe that the amount of baking soda introduced will determine the length of time that a chemical reaction occurs which will impact how much gas is produced for inflating the balloon. Supplies needed:  3- 20 ounce bottles  3 balloons of various colors  Baking soda  Vinegar  Funnel  Measuring tape  Timer  Measuring cup  Measuring spoons  marker Measure 1/3 of a cup of vinegar into each of the three bottles. Stretch the balloon in multiple directions to allow for the balloon to inflate properly. In the first balloon using the funnel place 1 tablespoon of baking soda the second will get 2 tablespoons and the final will get 3 tablespoons. Be sure to mark the amount of baking soda in each of the balloons. Stretch the end of the balloon over the opening of the bottle without allowing the baking soda to come in contact with the vinegar. When ready hold the end of the balloon up and allow the baking soda to fall into the bottle and create the chemical reaction. Start the timer and take note of any changes that occur. Once the reaction has stopped and the balloon is no longer inflating stop the timer and take measurement of the circumference of the balloon. 3 2 1

The results of the experiment were not as expected. The first balloon took 18.02 seconds to inflate. This balloon reached a max circumference of 15 ¾ inches. The second balloon took 18.4 seconds to complete inflating and reached a max circumference of 16 ¾ inches. The third balloon took the longest to inflate but only reached a circumference of 16 ¼ inches. The 1/3 cup of vinegar and the 2 tablespoons of baking soda yielded the best results in terms of the chemical reaction and the largest balloon although the third balloon with 1/3 cup of vinegar and 3 tablespoons of baking soda had the longest lasting reaction time. All of the balloons came from the same package and I used three identical bottles. For this experiment the balloons are placed in numerical order of 1,2,3. Blue Teal Purple 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5 19 Balloon Size Reaction Time Balloon 1 (blue): 1 tablespoon of baking soda, 1/3 cup of vinegar Balloon 2 (teal): 2 tablespoons of baking soda, 1/3 cup of vinegar Balloon 3 (purple): 3 tablespoons of baking soda, 1/3 cup of vinegar. According to Helmenstine [ CITATION Hel20 \l 1033 ] the reaction between baking soda and vinegar occurs in two steps rather than just the one that is observed. The first reaction is a double displacement and the second is a decomposition reaction. Because the chemical reaction between the two items creates more than just the carbon dioxide gas it also produces sodium ions, acetate ions and liquid water. The second part of the reaction is the evaporation or boiling off of the liquid water, hence the bubbles that are observed. The air that was in the bottle is actually what is collected in the bottle as the carbon dioxide is heavier and displaces the air. This combination of air and carbon dioxide are what rises.

Lets discuss the variables in this experiment. The independent variable will be the amount of baking soda that is placed in each balloon. By placing the baking soda in the balloon first rather than directly in to the bottle I am able to create a closed system that ensures I am able to capture any gases that are created by the chemical reaction. The amount of baking soda should directly impact the reaction time that is had within the bottle, which in turn should determine the amount of gas released to inflate the balloon. The size of the balloon and the reaction time is the dependent variable in this case because these are the measurable data that are present. To prevent the timing or size measurements to be skewed the timer was started once the balloon was lifted to begin the pouring of the baking soda into the bottle. I used the same timer each time and purchased the package of mixed color party balloons new so that each balloon in the package should be the same age and manufacturer. The bottles used were of the same brand of soda product and purchased at the same time. The baking soda was placed into the balloon rather than being poured into the bottle directly so that there was less chance of gas escaping while placing the balloon on the bottle allowing for me to capture the maximum amount of gas possible. These steps allowed for me to control several confounding variables at one time. According to teachchemistry.org [ CITATION Ame20 \l 1033 ] the reaction that is filling the balloon is carbon dioxide that exceeds the space available in the bottle and moves into the balloon causing the inflation that is observed. It is pointed out by this site that the balloon will not immediately deflate but will remain inflated and that to show that the balloon was inflated by gas that a tack can be used to pop the balloon. The data comes back as a partial confirmation of the hypothesis. For the first two balloons the data supports the chemical reaction time impacting the size of the balloon, this is not the case for the third and final balloon. While it had the most baking soda and the longest reaction time this did not impact the size the balloon inflated to as the second balloon inflated to a larger circumference. This could be due to the age of the balloon, an improper seal or any other number of factors. While performing this experiment I did experience three balloons from a new package of balloons ripping when being placed on the bottle. This experiment could have been improved by using bottles that it was easier to put a balloon on such as a glass bottle rather than a plastic soda bottle. It was a struggle to get the balloon over the threads on the bottle so using a smooth mouth bottle would have been easier and possibly resulted in less torn balloons. I would say that the data supports a partial confirmation of the hypothesis of the amount of baking soda in each bottle impacts the reaction time that occurs although it does not support that this impacts the size the balloon inflates to. Works Cited American Association of Chemistry Teachers. (2020, September 11). Inflating a Balloon with Chemistry . Retrieved from Teach Chemistry: https://teachchemistry.org/classroom-resources/inflating-a- balloon-with-chemistry

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Helmenstine, A. M. (2020, Jan 30). Equation for the Reaction Between Baking Soda and Vinegar . Retrieved from Thought Co.: https://www.thoughtco.com/equation-for-the-reaction-of-baking- soda-and-vinegar-604043

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