Assignment 6

pdf

School

University of British Columbia *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

484

Subject

Chemistry

Date

Jan 9, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

3

Uploaded by ChiefIronRedPanda41

Report
CHBE 484. Assignment 6 Due date: March 24, 2014 1. (25%) Waste inks are produced in the commercial printing industry, and can be recycled both on-site and off-site. For off-site recycling, waste inks are sent to the manufacturer where they are reformulated into black inks and then blend in some fresh black inks to obtain an acceptable black color. Even if the plant has to pay top dollars for the reformulated black ink, this option is still attractive since the cost of disposing waste inks will be eliminated. Another option is on-site recycling of waste inks. The waste inks can be reformulated on-site by purchasing a small ink recycler which can blend the waste inks with fresh inks. Following table compiles the data for the on-site and off-site recycling options based on a plant which generates 250 kg waste inks annually: a. The plant generates 250 kg of waste ink per year; b. The capital cost of the ink recycler is $6,000, with 10% annual return. c. Fresh ink requirement for on-site recycling is 200% of the waste ink amount; d. Fresh ink requirement for off-site recycling is 100% of the waste ink amount; e. The buy-back price of off-site reformulated ink is $6.00/kg f. Cost of buying additional fresh black ink is $4.00/kg Calculate the payback period for the on-site recycling option. The operating and maintenance costs resulting from on-site ink recycling is assumed to be negligible. 2. (25%) The cost and lifetime of a compact car without power trains, internal combustion engine, batteries and PEM fuel cells and their lifetimes are given in Table 4. Compare the life cycle cost of the three types of cars of a power train of 100 kw (~135 HP) based on their present values. With following assumptions: a. The average driving per year is 15,000 km b. Fuel consumption and fuel prices are given in Table 4 c. Low heating values are 45 MJ/kg for gasoline and 142 MJ/kg for hydrogen d. Density of gasoline is ~0.7 kg/L, and hydrogen is 0.083 kg/Nm 3 . e. Fuel cells are reused for other new cars during their life cycle. f. Annual interest rate is 10%, compounded annually. Table 4. Costs of cars, ICE engines, fuel cells and batteries Cost, $US Life cycle, km Onboard fuel consumption Fuel cost, $US Car without engine 15,000 $/car 150,000 - - ICE engine 20 $/kw 150,000 2.3 MJ/km 0.60 $/L gas Batteries 200 $/kw 150,000 1.2 MJ/km 0.06 $/kw.hr PEM Fuel Cell 800 $/kw 1,500,000 1.5 MJ/km 10 $/GJ For the PEM fuel cell powered vehicle, calculate the incremental annualized cost if the lifetime of the PEM fuel cell is only 300,000 km, instead of 1,500,000 km. Then comment on whether you should pursue the option of prolonging the lifetime of fuel cells to reduce the annualized cost of fuel cell cars.
3. (25%) A limited life cycle audit and inventory identified following air emissions, see Table 2, for a typical 1.6 million standard cubic meter per day (Nm 3 /day) hydrogen plant. Table 2. Life cycle air emissions from a 1.6 million Nm 3 /day hydrogen plant. Pollutant Emission rate, g/kg of H 2 CO 2 10620 CO 5.7 CH 4 59.8 Non-methane hydrocarbons (60%wt C 2 H 6 , 40%wt C 3 H 8 ) 16.8 Benzene (C 6 H 6 ) 1.4 NO 2 12.3 N 2 O 0.04 Particulate 2.0 SO 2 9.5 Table 3. Global impact inventories Impacts Global warming kg CO 2 /year Acid formation kg SO 2 /year Smog formation kg C 2 H 4 /year Global inventory 3.77E13 2.86E11 3.74E9 Evaluate the overall environmental impact of annual air emissions from the hydrogen plant based on global warming, smog formation, acid rain formation using the normalization method. The global impact inventories are given in Table 3.
4. (25%) Compare the carbonylation of dinitrotoluene and the amine-phosgene routes for the production of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) based on atom economy and overall process raw material and product toxicity using PEL data. Amine-phosgene route: C 6 H 3 (CH 3 )(NH 2 ) 2 + 2COCl 2 = C 6 H 3 (CH 3 )(-N=C=O) 2 + 4HCl Carbonylation of dinitrotoluene: C 6 H 3 (CH 3 )(NO 2 ) 2 +6CO = C 6 H 3 (CH 3 )(-N=C=O) 2 +4CO 2 Compound Pounds consumed or produced per pound of TDI Permissible exposure limit (PEL) (mg/m 3 ) AMINE-PHOSGENE ROUTE Toluene diamine Chlorobenzene Hydrochloric acid Phosgene TDI -0.76 -0.01 0.40 -1.26 1.00 0.1 350 7 0.4 0.14 CARBONYLATION ROUTE Dinitrotoluene Carbon monoxide TDI Carbon dioxide -1.04 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.5 55 0.14 9000
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help