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Feb 20, 2024
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Investigation One: What is the unknown metal?
Introduction
:
This experiment was conducted to identify the unknown metals in the metal scrap yard.
After discussing and identifying the bountiful of metals, the group decided to use density
as the unknown metal in the scrap yard. Density is an intensive property meaning that it
does not depend on the amount of material present. Density is carried out in the
equation ( D=m/V ). Density is known as a characteristic property of a substance.
Density is the relationship between the mass and volume of a substance. The goals of
the experiment were to calculate the mass and volume of the unknown metals. The
unknown metals underwent three trials that calculated their mass and volume
displacement. Through the objective of using intensive properties are the guidelines of
finding the unknown metals, the group was able to identify the unknown metals as well
as gather their mass and volume respectively.
Procedure/Experiment
Initially, the mass of the two unknown metals was recorded through three trials. For the
first unknown metal, Unknown III, the first trial was massed at 230.016 grams, the
second trial was massed at 233.118 grams, and lastly the third trial was massed at
225.477 grams. The previous
procedure was conducted on the second unknown element as well, Unknown VI. The
first mass recorded of Unknown VI was 231.523 grams, the second mass was 231.288
grams, and the third mass was 231.216 grams.
To calculate volume displacement a graduated cylinder was initially filled with 20
milliliters of water. The metal, Unknown III, was then submerged completely into the
water. The new volume of the water in the cylinder was recorded, and the difference
between the final volume in milliliters and the initial volume in milliliters to produce the
volume difference, also known as the volume of the metal in milliliters. This procedure
was repeated three times for an average. For the first unknown metal, Unknown III, the
final volume was 52.12 milliliters resulting in a difference of 32.12 milliliters. The second
trial concluded a final volume of 53.49 milliliters, meaning a difference of 33.49
milliliters. The final trial concluded a volume of 50.35 milliliters and a difference of
volume of 30.35 milliliters.
The experiment was conducted on the second unknown metal, Unknown VI. The results
of the first trial was a final volume of 47.11 milliliters, resulting in a difference of 27.11
milliliters. The second trial concluded a volume of 46.51 milliliters, meaning a difference
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of 26.52 milliliters. The final trial concluded a final volume of 46.02 milliliters, resulting a
difference of 26.02 milliliters.
Results:
Table 1: Unknowns Metals
Unknown III
Unknown VI
Trial 1
Mass
(g)
230.016
231.523
Trial 2
Mass
(g)
233.118
231.288
Trial 3
Mass
(g)
225.477
231.216
Mass of both metal scraps- unknown III and unknown VI.
Table 2: Volume Displacement
Unknown III
Unknown VI
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Initial Volume (mL)
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
Final Volume (mL)
52.12
53.49
50.35
47.11
46.51
46.02
Vol Difference
(mL)
32.12
33.49
30.35
27.11
26.51
26.02
The procedure to determine the volume of the unknowns, was to calculate the
amount of water they displaced.
Calculations:
Calculated the average mass for each of the unknowns
Unknown III: (230.016g + 233.118g + 225.477g)/ 3 =
229.537 g
Unknown VI: (231.523g + 231.288 + 231.216g) /3 =
231.342 g
Calculated the average volume for each of the unknowns
Unknown III: (32.12mL + 33.49mL + 30.35mL)/ 3 =
31.99 mL
Unknown VI: (27.11mL + 26.51 mL + 26.02mL)/ 3 =
26.55 mL
Calculated the density for each unknown
Unknown III:
229.537g / 31.99 mL =
7.175 g/mL
Unknown VI:
231.342g / 26.55 mL =
8.713 g/mL
After data was calculated, we compared it to the densities of various metals and alloys
in table 3, which demonstrated that
-
The calculated density of unknown III is similar to the density of cast iron, 7.19
g/ml.
-
The calculated density of unknown VI is similar to the density of brass, 8.53 g/ml.
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Discussion
The main goal of this investigation was to apply the use of intensive properties, any
property independent of the amount of sample present, in order to identify two different
metals. In this case, density was the intensive property used in determining the identity
of the metals. To measure the density, the first step taken was to find the weight of the
individual samples of metal. Each measurement was taken three times and the average
was used for calculations. Once the weights were measured, the volume of the samples
was measured by calculating how much water the samples displaced. Again the
measurements were taken three times and the average was used for calculations.
Finally, with the average values for mass and volume of each sample, density could be
calculated using the formula D=m/V. Using this formula it was determined that the
density of Unknown III is 7.175 g/ml and Unknown VI is 8.713 g/ml. These values were
then compared to a table of known densities of metals, leading to the conclusion that
unknown III is most likely cast iron (density of 7.19 g/ml) and unknown VI is most likely
brass (density of 8.53 g/ml).
Conclusion:
In essence, through the experiment performed, the goal of the lab was achieved.
Having to design an experiment in order to find the identity of certain metal scraps using
intensive properties, density was used. To calculate density, the equation D=m/V was
used. In order to derive density from this equation, both mass and volume were
calculated for both of the unknowns. The measurements were used to calculate the
density and then compared against a table of known metals and alloys to determine the
identity of the unknown metals. In making these comparisons and identifying the most
likely identity of the unknowns, the real world of the investigation was accomplished.
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g mL
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