Lab 13 Biochem Part 1

1. An enzyme changes the energy of the reactants of a chemical reaction. True or False 2. An enzyme does not change the energy of the products of a chemical reaction. True or False 3. Does an enzyme change the equilibrium amounts of reactants and products in a biochemical reaction? Justify your answer. 4. How does an enzyme affect the rate of a biochemical reaction?

Find an example of an enzyme. a) What is the chemical reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme? b) Why is this enzyme/chemical reaction important to the organisms in which it occurs?

Enzymes function most efficiently at the temperature of a typical cell, which is 37 degrees Celsius. Increases or decreases in temperature can significantly lower the reaction rate. What does this suggest about the importance of temperature-regulating mechanisms in organisms? How does this translate to the development of enzyme assays for clinical laboratory testing equipment? Explain.

Find an example of an enzyme that was NOT discussed in the book or video lectures.  Answer the following questions about the enzyme that you chose. a)  What is the chemical reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme? b)  Why is this enzyme/chemical reaction important to the organisms in which it occurs? Please post your source (include a link to the website you read your information)

Please explain why this anwser was wrong for question 1 and what the errors made were. If possible also please explain how you can get the correct anwser for this problem.

Chemistry

5. An enzyme is a catalyst used by living things to promote and regulate chemical reactions. What is the most likely enzyme for the chemical reaction depicted below? Reactants Product O A. Catalyst A O B. Catalyst B OC. Catalyst C O D. Catalyst D

1. What is an enzyme? 2. What is the function of an enzyme? 3. Which graph would represent enzyme activity Energy |CO, + H,O HCO3 +HT Progress of Reaction 4. What are the six classes of enzyme? 5. Explain a competitive inhibitor In the induced-fit model, what happens to the shape of the enzyme when the substrate binds? A. stays the same B. adapts to the shape of the substrate 35) An irreversible inhibitor is one that A) forms hydrogen bonds with the substrate. B) binds to the enzyme with hydrophobic interactions. C) reacts covalently with the substrate. D) binds covalently to the enzyme active site. E) reacts covalently with a cofactor. 47) Metal ions such as Zn²+ and Fe3+ are often needed by enzymes as A) isozymes. B) allosteres. C) inhibitors. D) cofactors. E) substrates. 8) The optimum pH for the activity of trypsin is about A) 2.0 B) 4.0 C) 6.5 D) 7.4 E) 8.0 3) An enzyme that converts a cis double bond to a trans double bond is classified as a(n). A) oxidoreductase B) transferase…

9. What is the reason for performing an enzyme assay? a. to determine the number of enzyme molecules per liter Ob. to determine the number of enzyme molecules per mL c. to determine the activity of an enzyme od. to determine the number of enzymes present

4) In the lab you are extracting and enzyme called catalase from a potato and want to use this enzyme to speed up a reaction in the lab. The potato usually grows in soil pH of 5.5 and a temperature of 18 °C. You extract the enzyme and run a reaction with it in the following conditions. pH 9.5 and temperature = 20 °C. What can be said about the enzymes activity? If activity is low how would you correct this issue? Please explain in detail and in your own words.

Please answer all 8 blanks please!

Distinguish between mixed-acid fermentation and butanediol fermentation and describe the test(s) that can be used to detect each. Briefly describe the reactions and changes that take place during the decarboxylation of amino acids in the decarboxylase medium. Explain the experiment that you would perform in order to determine whether the organism that you were instructed instructed to identify is positive or negative for gelatin hydrolysis. How do microorganisms such as bacteria eliminate harmful reactive oxygen species? Nitrate reduction to nitrite is indicated by the formation of a pink to red color after addition of nitrate test reagent. However, if a culture does not produce a colour change several possibilities exist. Explain.

Which statement is true about a reactant that appears in the balanced equation for a reaction but does not appear in the rate equation? a. It is an inhibitor. b. It is not part of the reaction. c. Its concentration is too low to be important. d. It takes part in the reaction after the rate-determining step.

b. Aspartate c. Tryptophan d. Alanine 8. Write the products for the following hydrolysis or condensation reactions. a. HgC. HgN NH3 b. H,O 9. How would the following changes affect enzyme activity for an enzyme whose opi conditions are normal body temperature and physiological pH? a. Raising the temperature from 37 °C to 60 °C

Name two ways that an enzyme’s function can be changed (think about chemical modifications)

B. Rates of reaction are typically measured as the change of concentration per unit time. Some typical units of concentration are: M, mM, pM, µM, nM. Some typical units of time are: years, days, hr, s, ms, ps, µs, and ns. For each reaction, suggest a reasonable unit of measure for the rate of reaction. a. The combustion of gasoline. b. The transformation of organic material into crude oil. Chemical change involved with memory in the human brain. с. d. The rusting of an iron nail. 9. Why would a scientist use nM/ps instead of M/s? - 112 -

28. Activated complex is a substance which 35. If the reactants are disappeared in more is than one hour, it means the reaction is a. Stable c. can be isolated a. Faster c. very fast b. unstable d. can exist as product b. Slower d. very slow 29. With raise in temperature rate of reaction increases due to 36. Anthracene is an example of a. Increase in collision a. Homocyclic hydrocarbons b. decrease in activated complex b. heterocyclic hydrocarbons c. increase in kinetic energy of the c. polycyclic hydrocarbons reactant molecules d. PАHS d. more number of molecules attain 37. Which of the following is/are energy of activation heterocyclic organic compounds 30. Activation energy depends upon а. Рyridine c. furan a. Temperature c. both a and b b. thiophene d. all b. catalyst d. none 38. On the basis of functional group organic 31. Energy of activation is expected to be compounds are classified as required more for one of the following a. Hydrocarbons a. Exothermic reaction b. derivatives…