PHYS 223 - Lab Report 3 (Projectile Motion)

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University of Louisville *

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223

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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PHYS 223 Projectile Motion Megan Cousins Tuesday-Thursday Objective Our goal for this lab was to explore the motion of a ball set into projectile motion using a marble launcher and bouncing on the floor using certain angles. Introduction For this experiment we created projectile motion, through our knowledge of the initial velocity and the angle of launch to be able to predict the total time of flight, the maximum height reached, and the range the projectile traveled before hitting the ground again through launching the marble with a launcher. To be able to find our initial velocity we must launch the marble from 90 degrees and measure the distance that the marble traveled and the height at which the marble was launched. Using our calculated initial velocity we are now able to launch the marble from a variety of different angles to find our true and theoretical range. Questions 1. What is the general agreement between your average and predicted ranges? What is the average % error? The general agreement of the results is that they are the same value down to tenth place with an average percent error of 1.08%. 2. What is or are the largest source(s) of uncertainty in this experiment? Can you find at least one statistical source of uncertainty and at least one systematic source? One of the largest sources of systematic errors that could be present is the mis- measuring of the height of the marble launcher as with every degree change the height changes and the point at which we deem to be the exit height may vary. A source of statistical error that could be present in this experiment is rounding our measurements and final answers. 3. How would your results differ if air resistance were not negligible in this setting? If we did have to consider air resistance in this specific experiment it would make the theoretical range larger than the observed range as air resistance would decrease the velocity of the projectile in the x-
direction since air resistance moved in the negative x-direction instead of being not negligible or moving in the positive x-direction (thrust). Discussion During this lab, we work in both the x and y direction with the launching of marbles at the angles of 10 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees from the horizontal axis. Our main goal was to observe the range of the projectile at each of these angles and compare our observations to a theoretical value that is solely based on calculations. Initially launching the marble from 90 degrees and using the height from launch to the ground, we calculate the initial velocity of the marble to be approximately 3.325 m/s. Then performing three trials of our experimental angles and averaging them out we get 0.8967 m for 10 degrees, 1.1177 m for 20 degrees, and 1.306 for 30 degrees. This trend that we’re seeing is that as we get to the most ideal angle of 45 degrees to get the furthest range, our range is in fact increasing. Then performing the theoretical calculations for these same angles, we get 0.8774, 1.1277, and 1.3113 respectively. Calculating and then averaging the percent error between our observations and theoretical gives approximately 1.08%. Appendix Table 1.
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