experiment-four-acid-base-titrations_compress (1)

following equation can then be used to isolate the final required quantity, where b is the stoichiometric coefficient of the base and a is the coefficient of the acid (Acid Base Titrations 77): c base ×V base = b a c acid ×V acid For safety precautions in this laboratory, lab goggles and lab coats will be worn throughout the entire experiment as skin or eye contact with acidic or basic solutions has the potential result in harmful and permanent consequences. Procedure As outlined in Lab Manual (Rashmi Venkateswaran . “Oh how bitter a thing it is…” Acid Base Titrations. 2019. Pages 78-84) Data/Observations Standardizing NaOH – Trial One (Figure One and Table One) Number of Drops of Phenolphthalein Volume of HCl Acid (Initial) Volume of HCl Acid (Final) HCl Acid that Flowed Out Volume of NaOH Base (Initial) Volume of NaOH Base (Final) 3 11.51 mL 21.49 mL 9.98 mL 40.10 mL 30.11 mL Standardizing NaOH – Trial Two (Figure Two and Table Two) 0 0

Calculations 1. V 2 = 249 m L H 2 O + 4.61 m L NaOH V 2 = 253.61 mL c c 1 V 1 = 2 V 2 6 M × 4.61 mL = c 2 × 253.61 mL C 2 = 0.1 M 1. NaOH + HCl H O + NaCl  2 c base ×V base = b a c acid ×V acid c base × 2.316 mL = 1 1 1 ( 0.1 M ) acid × 9.98 mL ❑ c base = 0.998 M ∙mL 2.316 mL c base = 0.43 M Data for calculation was obtained from Table 1 and Figure 1. c base ×V base = b a c acid ×V acid c base × 7.593 mL = 1 1 1 ( 0.1 M ) acid × 9.96 mL ❑ c base = 0.996 M ∙mL 7.593 mL c base = 0.13 M Data for calculation was obtained ¿ Table 2 ∧ Figure 2. c base ×V base = b a c acid ×V acid c base × 1.508 mL = 1 1 1 ( 0.1 M ) acid × 10.00 mL ❑ c base = 1 M ∙mL 1.508 mL c base = 0.66 M Data for calculation was obtained from Table 3 and Figure 3. 2. H 2 A (aq) + NaOH NaHA (aq)  (aq) + H 2 O (l) NaHA (aq) + NaOH Na + H (aq)  2 A (aq) 2 O (l) H A 2 A (aq) + 2NaOH Na (aq)  2 (aq) + 2H 2 O (l) c base ×V base = b a c acid ×V acid 0.06 M × 10.39 mL = 2 1 c acid × 10.05 mL 0 0

Reference Bard, A. J., & Simonsen, S. H. (n.d.). The General Equation for the Equivalence Point Potential in Oxidation-Reduction Titrations . Austin. Retrieved November 5, 2017, from http://bard.cm.utexas.edu/resources/Bard-Reprint/8.pdf Rashmi Venkateswaran . “Oh how bitter a thing it is…” Acid Base Titrations. 2019. Pages 78-84 Silberberg, Martin S., et al. Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change . McGraw- Hill Education, 2018. 0 0