Lab diff and osm data and questions

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Northwest Vista College *

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1402

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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Lab: Diffusion and Osmosis data and questions Introduction: Diffusion Identify the concentration gradients in the following shapes by labeling each side of an adjacent area with the term “high” for a high concentration and “low” for a low concentration. Indicate by drawing an arrow under the boxes, which way the particles will move. Questions 1. What do you predict will happen to the molecules in Gradient 1? The molecules will move to the right 2. What do you predict will happen to the molecules in Gradient 2? The molecules will move to the left 3. What do you predict will happen to the molecules in Gradient 3? The molecules will move to the left 4. Which of the diagrams do you predict would have the fastest rate of diffusion? Why? Gradient 1, since no molecules are left in the second box 5. Which do you predict will have faster diffusion rates, hot substances or cold substances? Why? Hot substances, because the molecules are already moving so quickly 6. Which do you predict will have faster diffusion rates, solids or liquids? Why? Liquids, because the molecules are more spaced out and not tightly packed in Moving to the left Moving to the right Moving to the left

7. Which do you predict will diffuse more rapidly, small molecules or large molecules? Small molecules because the larger ones will have to break down more 8. Will diffusion be more rapid between areas with a large concentration gradient or areas with a small concentration gradient? Diffusion would be more rapid with a small concentration gradient since it will not have to so Activity 1– Exploring temperature effects on the rate of diffusion Hypothesis The high-temperature water will have a greater rate of diffusion than the room temperature water. Results Room temp Hot water Time (min) 15 min 2 min Describe what you saw happen to the tea in each beaker. Use terms such as “diffuse,” “high concentration,” “low concentration” and “concentration gradient.” The hot beaker diffused faster than the room-temperature beaker. The tea bag in the hot beaker moved in a high concentration as compared to the room temperature which moves in a rather low concentration. Activity 2 – Exploring How State of Matter Affects the Rate of Diffusion Hypothesis The liquid of the petri dish should diffuse faster than the agar Results Time (min) Aqueous plate Agar plate Diameter of diffusion circle Diameter of diffusion circle 0 20 mm 20 mm 3 60 mm 20.5 mm 6 70 mm 20.5 mm 9 70.8 mm 20.5 mm 12 70.8 mm 20.5 mm 15 80.5 mm 20.5 mm

Introduction: Osmosis Select: an increase, a decrease or no drastic change Potato cells surrounded by a hypertonic solution will show a decrease in mass after 30 minutes. Potato cells surrounded by a hypotonic environment will show an increase in mass after 30 minutes. Potato cells surrounded by an isotonic solution will show no change in mass after 30 minutes. Activity 3: Determining the tonicity of an unknown solution Start time 0 minutes End time 15 minutes Table 1 Beaker A Beaker B Beaker C Initial mass (g) 1.1662 0.6147 1.0526 Final mass (g) 1.2592 0.7671 1.3463 Difference in mass (g) 0.093 0.1524 0.2937 Increase, decrease, or stayed the same mass Increase Increase Increase Solution in beaker is hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic Hypotonic Hypotonic Hypotonic Table 2 Beaker X

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Time potato weighed in Beaker X (min) Mass of potatp in Beaker X (g) 0 1.2491 5 1.3561 10 1.3720 15 1.4850 Now, convert the information in table 2 to a graph. Remember the important parts of a graph! Questions 1. How did you determine the tonicity of the solutions in beakers A, B, and C? The initial and final mass of the potato were compared, and the difference was what determined the tonicity; an increase, decrease, or constancy in mass, respectively, determined the tonicity of the solution 2. What is the tonicity of the solution in Beaker X? How do you know? Beaker X was hypotonic, because the mass of the potato increased during its time in the solution, indicating

that in order to reach osmotic equilibrium, cells inside the potato took in the liquid outside of its cells. 3. Discuss the trend of mass change in potato soaked in Solution X. Did mass change constantly or did it plateau? Why would it plateau? The mass increased relatively constantly, however between 5 and 10 minutes, a much slow increase was observed.