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General Chemistry II Lab
CHEM 1041L
Excel Activity
Microsoft Excel (or any other spreadsheet program) can help you analyze data. This activity serves as an introduction, focusing on making graphs. There are multiple ways to do most things in Excel. You may find that some ways are more efficient than others. Experiment with the program. The instructions here may not exactly match the version of Excel you are using. If you don’t know what something does, try it. You can always use the “undo” feature if you don't like the result. Excel allows you to undo the last thing you did by pointing at edit and selecting the undo option.
Important information
1.
Save your work
.
Save your work frequently. There’s nothing more frustrating than working on a document for an hour and then losing all your work because the computer locks up. 2.
In this activity you will
Enter data in columns
Format the data
Make graphs
Determine the algebraic relationship between the variables you plotted 3. In this activity it is assumed that you have completed the prelab assignment.
4. The graphs you make in this activity should have these features
.
A title that indicates what the graph shows. A widely-used format is: "(
dependent variable
) as a function of (
independent variable
)"
Dimension and unit on both x and y axes (except for absorbance, which is unitless)
An appropriate scale. The data should fill most of the page.
A best fit curve or line. In Excel this is called a "trendline." For some graphs it is appropriate to set the intercept to zero, but not for any of the graphs in this activity.
The equation of the best fit curve or line displayed on the graph.
To Start
Open the Excel program and a new, blank worksheet. Follow the instructions to make each graph.
Graph for Spectroscopy
If you are using the same spreadsheet you created for the prelab assignment, you can just add a new sheet by clicking the + at the bottom of the sheet. Change the tab on the sheet to read Spectroscopy. Enter the following lab data:
Concentration
Absorption
(moles/L)
0.030
0.137
0.060
0.277
0.090
0.414
0.120
0.545
0.150
0.690
1.
Make a graph of absorbance versus concentration. Note that absorbance is a unitless number, and concentration
is the independent variable.
2.
Add a linear trendline and display the equation of the line on your graph. This equation shows the algebraic relationship between absorbance and concentration.
3.
Make sure your graph has the features as described on the first page of this document. Right click in the white space of the graph window in Excel and choose “Save as picture”, save it to your computer, then insert the picture
of your graph here. Adjust the size to fit.
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Graph for Boyle’s Law Add another sheet to your spreadsheet and change the tab to read Boyle’s Law and enter the volume and pressure data for an unknown gas at 25
o
C. DO NOT
enter the values of 1/V. Instead, use the formula function of Excel to do the calculation for you.
V (L)
1/V (1/L)
Pressure (atm)
1.50
0.952
1.33
1.14
1.22
1.25
1.16
1.31
0.940
1.62
0.610
2.49
0.510
2.96
1.
Make a graph of Pressure versus 1/V and add a trendline as before. Remember that 1/V will be your independent
variable.
2.
Make sure your graph has the features as described on the first page of this document. Right click in the white space of the graph window in excel and choose “Save as picture”, save it to your computer, then insert the picture
of your graph here. Adjust the size to fit.
Graphs for Kinetics
At 1 atm and 25 o
C, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide was measured at different times as it reacted and the data are shown below.
Time (s)
[NO
2
] (M)
0
0.0800
10
0.0480
20
0.0329
30
0.0253
40
0.0199
50
0.0150
60
0.0143
70
0.0120
Add another sheet to your spreadsheet, change the tab to read Kinetics, and enter the data as shown above. Label a third column ln[NO
2
]
and a fourth column 1/[NO
2
]
. Use Excel’s formula function to calculate the values for the third and fourth columns. 1.
Make a graph of [NO
2
] vs time
. Display the value of R
2
on the chart. Is the relationship linear?
2.
Make a graph of ln[NO
2
]
vs time
. Display the value of R
2
on the chart. Is the relationship linear?
3.
Make a graph of 1/[NO
2
] vs time
. Display the value of R
2
on the chart. Is this relationship linear?
4.
In an upcoming lab exercise you will make graphs like these and determine which of the three relationships is closest to being linear. As before, make sure your graphs have the features as described on the first page of this document. Right click in the white space along the margin of each graph in Excel and choose “Save as picture”, save them to your computer, then insert a picture of each graph on the next page. Adjust the size to fit.
Insert your three kinetics graphs here
When you have completed your graphs and inserted them as described above, submit this document one of two ways. Either upload it to Canvas as a Word file or PDF file before the next lab session, OR print a hardcopy and submit it at the start of the next lab session.
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