Copy of Fracking.docx

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Concordia University Portland *

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206

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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pdf

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Fracking in the United States Fracking Hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, is a process that injects fluid at high pressure deep underground to open and enlarge cracks in rock formations. This process stimulates the flow of natural gas, increasing the amount that can be extracted. Most fracking fluids are water based. A solid material, such as sand or ceramic beads, is added to the fracking fluid to keep the fractures open and permeable after the pressure is reduced. Other chemical additives are used, depending on the characteristics of the particular well. Fracking has become a highly controversial issue in the United States and around the world. Today you will explore how it works, the impacts, and the policies surrounding it. Finally you will design a study to explore if fracking is causing an increase in earthquakes in specific regions in the United States. What is Fracking? Watching Fracking Video # 1 Animation of Hydraulic Fracturing (fracking) What natural resource is fracking trying to access? Natural Gas Define fracking The process of pumping pressurized fluid as a means of extracting natural gas. This is after there are small explosions that take place for the fluid to reach the natural gas deposits. Explain the fracking process. Drill long holes in the ground and use water and sand to create gaps in the rocks. This process stimulates the flow of natural gas up the pipe. What are the Environmental Problems with Fracking? Watch Fracking Video #2
Fracking in the United States Fracking 101: why fracked gas is dirty and dangerous What are the environmental problems associated with fracking? The contamination of fresh water and the displacement of the toxic chemical used in the fracking process. Which problem concerns you most? Why? The fact that some chemicals can end up in fresh water sources which we use for drinking water. I am most concerned about this because that can directly affect me and my health. Why do experts disagree about fracking? Read the article: Fracking Pro and Con Fracking: Pro and Con | Tufts Now What is Dr. Everett’s background? What is Mr. Rumpler’s background? What regulations are in place to oversee fracking (at the time of the article)? Do YOU feel these are sufficient? Why or why not? What are the economic implications of continuing fracking? What are the economic implications of stopping fracking?
Fracking in the United States What is the connection between Fracking and Earthquakes? Use the link to identify the major areas in the United States where Fracking occurs National / Multi-State Content | Maps and Articles | FracTracker Alliance Use the USGS map to identify the major areas in the United States where earthquakes are most common Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey Is fracking causing an increase in small, regional earthquakes? According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), hydraulically fractured wells in the United States increased 1,204% —from approximately 23,000 hydraulically fractured wells in 2000 to approximately 300,000 wells in 2015. Is this putting United States citizens at an increased risk of earthquakes? Design an experiment that will draw data from the known number of fracking sites and earthquakes in a specified region in the United States over a set period time. You can use the USGS Earthquake catalog to view the number of earthquakes in a particular region over a certain time frame. Your group must: Define a region of interest; with supporting explanation as to choice of region Define a time period of interest; with supporting explanation for time points Create a testable hypothesis based on the information you defined above
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Fracking in the United States Define the dependent variable in your study. Research the number of earthquakes and fracking sites for your study question. Report your raw data here. Create a graph supporting your study. Insert it here. Provide a conclusion (1-2 paragraphs) for your study. Be sure to cite your primary conclusion, provide the data that supports your conclusion and note areas you would like to expand upon