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1412

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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LAB REPORT Professor Nguyen Thanh Tin Lam Chem 1412 18 October 2022 GENERAL CHEMISTRY II Experiment #4: Chemical Equilibrium Determination of K c Values Using UV Absorption Objective: To determine the equilibrium constant for a given reaction. To understand the concept of Chatelier’s Principle To gain experience in the use of a UV Spectrophotometer and the Beer’s Law Graph. I. Introduction: In this laboratory experiment we will be using UV-Vis Absorption to determine the equilibrium constant (K c ) value of a chemical reaction. The chemical reaction is shown below between iron (III) nitrate and patassium thiocyanate. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 + 3KSCN K c 3KNO 3 + Fe(SCN) 3 The experiment will be carried out for 10 consecutive times to find out the values of the ion concentration. After completing the experiment, it will come to the calculation task to find the original coefficient which is also Kc of the equation. II. Procedure: A. Calibrate of the spectrophotometer using a 2M solution of HNO 3 . (Be sure to use the same kind of cuvette or vial as those used for the remainder of the procedure) (Note: Use 450 nm as wavelength setting) . B. Preparation of Solutions for the the Beer’s Law Graph 1. To a clean 250-mL calibrated beaker, add the following: 10 ml of 0.0020 M KSCN 25 ml of 2.0 M HNO 3 THANH TIN LAM 1
LAB REPORT 65 ml of DI Water (Total volume at this point is 100 ml) 2. Add to the solution in the previous step, 1.0 ml of 0.10 M Fe(NO 3 ) 3 in HNO 3 solution. Mix with a clean stirring rod. Total volume at this point is 101 ml 3. Fill a clean cuvette halfway from the rim with the solution prepared above. (Be sure to handle the cuvette at the top portion so as not to leave any finger prints on the lower portion of the tube.) 4. Place this cuvette (from step 3) in the sample holder of the spectrophotometer and measure the % transmittance (and/or absorbance). 5. Return the solution in the cuvette to the original reaction solution in the 250 ml beaker. 6. Add another 1 ml quantity of the 0.10 M 0.10 M Fe(NO 3 ) 3 / HNO 3 to the 250 ml beaker with the original solution. Again stir the solution. The total volume at this point is 102 ml. 7. Repeat Steps 3-6 until ten (10) 1-ml additions and ten (10) transmittance readings have been recorded. 8. Prepare a graph by plotting the X and Y values as determined from the succeeding calculations. The slope of the plotted line is -K c . 9. Perform needed calculations and draw your conclusions. Experiment results: Experiment # Transmittance (%) Absorbance Total solution volume (mL) 1 80.4 0.095 101 2 68.4 0.164 102 3 59.0 0.230 103 4 52.6 0.278 104 5 47.4 0.324 105 6 43.2 0.363 106 7 40.8 0.390 107 8 38.6 0.414 108 9 36.2 0.440 109 10 34.4 0.464 110 Use the results of experiments 1 & 2 to calculate: Calculate the concentration of [Fe 3+ ] in the solution: ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ Calculate the concentration of [SCN - ]: THANH TIN LAM 2
LAB REPORT ¿¿¿ ¿¿¿ Add up the concentration of [Fe 3+ ] and [SCN - ]: ¿¿ ¿¿ Multiply the concentration of [Fe 3+ ] and [SCN - ]: ¿¿ ¿¿ Multiply the absorbance by the addition of [Fe 3+ ] and [SCN - ]: #1: ( 0.095 ) x ( 1.188 x 10 3 ) = 1.1286 x 10 4 #2: ( 0.164 ) x ( 2.157 x 10 3 ) = 3.5374 x 10 4 Now divide this value by the multiplication of the concentration of [Fe 3+ ] and [SCN - ] and this is your X-value on your graph: X 1 = 1.1286 x 10 4 1.9606 x 10 7 = 575.640 X 2 = 3.5374 x 10 4 3.8451 x 10 7 = 919.976 Now divide this value by the multiplication of the concentration of [Fe 3+ ] and [SCN - ] and this is your Y-value on your graph: Y 1 = 0.095 1.9606 x 10 7 = 484547.5473 Y 2 = 0.164 3.8451 x 10 7 = 426516.8656 THANH TIN LAM 3
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LAB REPORT Calculate slope: slope 1 = Y 2 Y 1 X 2 X 1 = ( 426516.8656 484547.5473 ) ( 919.976 575.640 ) = 58028.68 344.336 =− 168.39 Doing the same with the remaining experimental results, we have the following table of values: THANH TIN LAM 4
LAB REPORT Based on the calculation results, Kc = -97.158 III. Discussion This is a simple and easy experiment to do. But in the process there are errors that are difficult to control. The first is the reuse of the solution from the previous measurement, which increases the error if the steps are not correct. Second, when pouring the solution back into the beaker for the next test, the solution remains on the instrument quite a lot. We do not have a complete solution to this problem. Between the measurements, we all tested and adjusted the machine, but the results of the same solution in 2 measurements had errors. That shows a high possibility that the test tube has not been cleaned. IV. Conclusion The equilibrium constant, K, is used to quantify the equilibrium. The expression of the equilibrium constant for a reaction is determined by examining the balanced chemical equation. For reactions involving products and reactants in water, the equilibrium constant is THANH TIN LAM 5
LAB REPORT expressed as the ratio of reactant and product concentrations, where each term is raised by the reaction coefficient. its. When the equilibrium constant is expressed in moles, the equilibrium constant is called Kc. The value of this constant at equilibrium is always the same, regardless of the initial concentration of the reaction. At a given temperature, whether the reactants are mixed in their exact equilibrium ratios or the reactants have a large excess at first, the ratio described by the equilibrium constant expression will reach obtained when the reaction composition ceases to change. THANH TIN LAM 6
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