CME 315 Lab 12
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CME 315: SOIL MECHANICS AND LABORATORY
Fall 2023
(Instructor: Professor Krishna Reddy)
Laboratory 12: UNCONFINED COMPRESSION (UC) TEST
Submitted by:
Sammi Saba
ID# 65405513
Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering
University of Illinois Chicago (UIC)
November 15, 2023
Abstract
The focus of this laboratory experiment, the Unconfined Compression (UC) Test, is to determine
the unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil, specifically clay. The primary objective is
to calculate the unconsolidated undrained shear strength, a crucial parameter for assessing the
bearing capacity of foundations and other engineering structures. Following the ASTM D2166
standard, the laboratory test involves preparing a cylindrical soil specimen, measuring its
dimensions, and subjecting it to axial loading in a compression device. The resulting stress-strain
relationship is used to determine the unconfined compressive strength and derive the undrained
shear strength. The results obtained in this laboratory provide valuable insights into the
mechanical behavior of cohesive soils under unconfined conditions.
Introduction
The unconfined compression (UC) Test, as outlined in ASTM D2166, serves as a crucial method
for determining the unconfined compressive strength (q
u
) of cohesive soils, particularly clay,
under unconfined conditions. This experimental procedure is pivotal in geotechnical engineering
as it provides essential data for calculating the undrained shear strength (s
u
) of the soil. The
undrained shear strength is a key parameter used in the assessment of foundation-bearing
capacities for structures such as dams and foundations. The test helps engineers understand the
soil's behavior under different loading conditions, aiding in the design and construction of
structures. The procedure involves extracting a cylindrical soil specimen, measuring its
dimensions, and subjecting it to axial loading while monitoring deformation and load. The
resulting stress-strain curve obtained from this test enables the determination of critical
parameters like unconfined compressive strength and cohesion, which are fundamental in
evaluating soil stability and deformation characteristics over time.
Methodology
For this experiment:
-
We correctly followed ASTM D2166 in this experiment. The purpose, equipment, test
procedure, and data analysis align with the ASTM guidelines. For this laboratory
experiment, we used multiple trials at different points and as a result, our data had little to
no room for error.
Results
These were data results and calculations from the unconfined compression (UC) experiment:
Diameter (d) =1.455 in = 3.696 cm
Length (L
0
) = 3.374 in = 8.57 cm
Mass = 169.5 g
Table 1: Moisture Content Determination
Sample no.
Moisture can number - Lid number
2B
8A/4-TL
M
C
= Mass of empty, clean can + lid (grams)
11.6 g
11.0 g
M
CMS
= Mass of can, lid, and moist soil (grams)
31.2 g
30.0 g
M
CDS
= Mass of can, lid, and dry soil (grams)
28.2 g
27.4 g
M
S
= Mass of soil solids (grams)
16.6 g
16.4 g
M
W
= Mass of pore water (grams)
3 g
2.6 g
W = Water content, w%
18.07 %
15.85 %
Area (A
0
) = 1.66 in
2
=10.71 cm
2
Volume = 91.78 cm
3
Wet density =
=1.85 g/ cm
3
𝑀
𝑉
=
169.5 𝑔
91.78 𝑐𝑚
3
Water content (w%) = 15.85 %
Dry density (
d
) = 1.597 g/ cm
3
ρ
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Table 2: Unconfined Compression Test Data
Sample
Deformation (mm)
Strain (ε)
Corrected Area (A’)
Load (lb.)
Stress (psi)
0
0
1.66
0
0
0.01
0.00296
1.665
12
7.21
0.02
0.00593
1.67
20.5
12.28
0.03
0.00889
1.675
28.5
16.84
0.04
0.0119
1.68
37.6
22.38
0.05
0.0148
1.685
48.5
28.78
0.06
0.0178
1.69
62.5
36.98
0.07
0.0207
1.695
79.8
47.08
0.08
0.0237
1.70
96.3
56.65
0.09
0.0267
1.705
112.5
65.98
0.10
0.0296
1.711
125.3
73.23
0.11
0.0326
1.716
141.5
82.46
0.12
0.0356
1.721
155.0
90.06
0.13
0.0385
1.726
167.7
97.16
0.14
0.0415
1.732
177.6
102.54
0.17
0.0504
1.748
193.9
110.93
0.18
0.0533
1.753
195.8
111.69
0.19
0.0563
1.759
198.9
113.08
0.20
0.0593
1.765
201.9
114.39
0.21
0.0622
1.77
203.7
115.08
0.22
0.0652
1.776
197.7
111.32
0.23
0.0682
1.781
185.2
103.99
0.24
0.0711
1.787
141.1
78.96
Using this graph we can obtain:
Unconfined compressive strength (q
u
) = 115.08 psi
Undrained shear strength (s
u
) = Cohesion (c) =
=
= 57.54 psi
?
𝑢
2
115.08 ?𝑠𝑖
2
Discussion
The obtained results from the unconfined compression (UC) Test offer valuable insights into the
mechanical properties of the cohesive soil under investigation, specifically clay. The stress-strain
relationship derived from the experiment allows for the determination of critical parameters,
notably the unconfined compressive strength (q
u
) and undrained shear strength (s
u
). In the data
obtained, the unconfined compressive strength is found to be 115.08 psi. This parameter
represents the maximum stress the soil can withstand in unconfined conditions, providing
essential information for assessing its load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, the undrained shear
strength (s
u
) or cohesion (c), is calculated to be 57.54 psi. This parameter is crucial for
understanding the soil's behavior under undrained conditions immediately after construction,
providing engineers with essential data for designing foundations and structures that rely on the
soil's stability and load-bearing capacity. The data obtained through the UC test contribute to a
comprehensive understanding of the soil's mechanical behavior, aiding in informed
decision-making in geotechnical engineering applications.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the unconfined compression laboratory, conducted in accordance with ASTM
D2166 standards, has provided essential data for understanding the mechanical properties of
cohesive soils. The calculated unconfined compressive strength and undrained shear strength are
crucial in assessing the soil's capacity to bear loads and resist deformation. The obtained results
contribute to the body of knowledge in geotechnical engineering, aiding in the design and
construction of foundations and structures. Overall, this laboratory experiment offers valuable
insights into the behavior of cohesive soils under unconfined conditions, facilitating informed
decision-making in engineering applications.
Reference
●
ASTM D 2166 - Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of
Cohesive Soil
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