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Feb 20, 2024

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1 Professional Burnout in Occupational Therapy Emily Barlow English Department, Rowan-Cabarrus Community College ENG 112-01H Instructor Ginger Fox 23 March 2022

2 Abstract

3 Professional Burnout in Occupational Therapy Healthcare workers have to deal with stressful situations practically every time they go to work. This includes situations such as trying to decide the best treatment plan for each patient and the best way to execute it, and handling patients and/or family members with negative emotions that can range from worry and fear to anger and blame. One of the multiple things that can result from all of that stress is professional burnout. This research paper will look into these four questions regarding professional burnout: 1. What is professional burnout? 2. How and why does professional burnout happen? 3. What are the effects/how does professional burnout effect job performance? 4. How could someone prevent professional burnout? Healthcare workers experience with burnout is something that is important to be aware of, especially for someone looking to go into the occupational therapy field. What is Professional Burnout? Professional burnout is centered around work-related stress instead of general life stress. Merriam-Webster defines burnout as “ exhaustion of physical or emotional strength or motivation usually as a result of prolonged stress or frustration” (2022). Studies show that there are three different ways that burnout effects people. These are “ emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lower perception of personal achievement” ( Ju-Hyun, 2020). Emotional exhaustion, described as “feeling emotionally drained and overextended,” is more widely known than depersonalization, described as callousness towards patients, and lower perception of

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4 personal achievement, “results in feelings of incompetence and reduced professional achievement,” which are not words or phrases that are heard often ( Ju-Hyun, 2020). How and Why Does Professional Burnout Happen? Although there are usually different statistics and vulnerabilities for males and females, a study in Poland found that there is no noticeable correlation between gender and professional burnout in the field of occupational therapy (Janus et al, 2018). So, if gender is not a contributing factor, what is the cause of professional burnout? Both internal and external factors contribute to burnout. Some internal factors would be perfectionism, people pleasing, high personal expectations, undervaluing their needs, and substituting social life and outside activities with work (De Hert, 2020). External factors would constitute poor organization, unclear expectations and communication, issues with coworkers, and insufficient positive feedback and social support (De Hert, 2020). In addition to widespread causes, there is also a standard path those that become burnt out follow. Donna Costa shared Freudenbergers twelve phases of burnout development that consists of: “1. Compulsion to prove oneself by obsessively working 2. Working harder and not taking time to switch off, which could be due to lower feelings of personal achievement which is one of the parts of burnout. 3. Neglecting one's own needs and engaging in erratic eating and/or sleeping 4. Displacement of conflicts, in which the person does not realize the root cause of the distress and dismisses problems 5. Revision of values, in which friends and family are dismissed, hobbies are viewed as irrelevant, and work is only activity pursued

5 6. Denial of emerging problems, which leads to cynicism and aggression becoming apparent, and becoming intolerant of others 7. Withdrawal, reducing social contacts to a minimum, and becoming walled off, with alcohol or other substance abuse sometimes occurring 8. Behavioral changes obvious to others, with family and friends expressing concern 9. Depersonalization, as mentioned earlier as one of the dimensions of burnout, in which the individual no longer perceives their own needs 10. Inner emptiness, which could be viewed as the dimension of burnout that is emotional exhaustion, sometimes replaced by addictive behavior 11. Depression, leading to the future seeming bleak and unsure 12. Burnout syndrome-a total collapse” (2018). What are the Effects/How Does Professional Burnout Effect Job Performance? Burnout is not just a mental matter, people suffering from burnout also deal with physical side effects. Physical, behavioral, emotional symptoms include but are not limited to “ fatigue, physical exhaustion, abnormal sleeping patterns, irritability, anxiety, depression, guilt, a sense of helplessness, aggression, callousness, pessimism, defensiveness, cynicism, and substance abuse” (Costa, 2018). This impacts the work of the therapists that deal with burnout by causing them to procrastinate and do poorly, take unnecessary risks, or even quit their jobs (Costa, 2018). How Could Someone Prevent Professional Burnout? Knowing this leads to the question of what can be done to prevent it. One study shows that practicing mindfulness, focusing on being present in and aware of the moment, may decrease the chance of burnout (Costa, 2018; MayoClinic, 2020). In one article, De Hert states five different strategies one could use to cope with, and therefore prevent, burnout. First, take

6 time to foster relationships with family, friends, and coworkers. Second, religious belief or spiritual practice has shown to be necessary in around 34% of people. Third, adjust working attitude by looking for the fulfilling aspects and managing unfulfilling parts. Fourth, spend time on things for personal enjoyment and self-care, such as exercise, proper diet and sleep patterns, and activities of personal expression. Finally, the fifth strategy is a positive approach to life with a focus on personal values and a work-life balance (2020). Conclusion Burnout is something that is very prevalent in today’s society and should be taken seriously in America. Even though it has a long history with very real effects, including depression and substance abuse, it’s not something consistently spoken of in regards to professional life (Costa, 2018). There are multiple ways that people can prevent or lessen burnout and the knowledge of this is something that should be shared, especially to those who work in healthcare and have a higher risk of it.

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7 References Costa, D. (2018). Better days at work: Identifying, preventing burnout in occupational therapy practice. OT Practice, 23 (6), 10-15. http://proxy154.nclive.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/trade-journals/better- days-at-work-identifying-preventing/docview/2025776753/se-2?accountid=13601 De Hert S. (2020). Burnout in healthcare workers: Prevalence, impact and preventative strategies. Local and Regional Anesthesia . https://doi.org/10.2147/LRA.S240564 Janus, E., Gawałkiewicz, P., & Bac, A. (2018). Professional burnout in occupational therapists. Postepy Rehabilitacji, 32 (2), 2018. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/areh.2018.77937 Ju-Hyun, K., Kim, A., Kim, M., Chul-Hyun, K., Ki-Hoon, L., Park, D., & Jong-Moon, H. (2020). Burnout syndrome and work-related stress in physical and occupational therapists working in different types of hospitals: Which group is the most vulnerable? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (14), 5001. doi:http://dx.doi.org /10.3390/ijerph17145001 MayoClinic. (2020). Mindfulness exercises. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/mindfulness- exercises/art-20046356#:~:text=Mindfulness%20is%20a%20type%20of,mind%20and %20help%20reduce%20stress Merriam-Webster. (2022). Burnout. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/burnout Park E. Y. (2021). Meta-Analysis of Factors Associated with Occupational Therapist Burnout. Occupational therapy international . https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1226841

8 Purpose The writer's central purpose or argument is readily apparent to the reader. The writing has a clear purpose or argument, but may sometimes digress from it. The central purpose or argument is not consistently clear throughout the paper. The purpose or argument is generally unclear. Content Balanced presentation of relevant and legitimate information that clearly supports a central purpose or argument and shows a thoughtful, in- depth analysis of a significant topic. Reader gains important insights. Information provides reasonable support for a central purpose or argument and displays evidence of a basic analysis of a significant topic. Reader gains some insights. Information supports a central purpose or argument at times. Analysis is basic or general. Reader gains few insights. Central purpose or argument is not clearly identified. Analysis is vague or not evident. Reader is confused or may be misinformed. Organization The ideas are arranged logically to support the purpose or argument. They flow smoothly from one to another and are clearly linked to each other. The reader can follow the line of reasoning. The ideas are arranged logically to support the central purpose or argument. They are usually clearly linked to each other. For the most part, the reader can follow the line of reasoning. In general, the writing is arranged logically, although occasionally ideas fail to make sense together. The reader is fairly clear about what writer intends. The writing is not logically organized. Frequently, ideas fail to make sense together. The reader cannot identify a line of reasoning and loses interest. Feel/Tone The writing is compelling. It hooks the reader and sustains interest throughout. The writing is generally engaging, but has some dry spots. In general, The writing is dull and Un-engaging. Though the paper has some interesting parts, the The writing has little personality. The reader quickly loses interest and stops reading. The tone is consistently it is focused and keeps the reader's reader finds it difficult The tone is unprofessional. It

9 professional and appropriate for an academic research paper. attention. The tone is generally professional. to maintain interest. For the most part, it is appropriate for an academic research paper. The tone is not consistent- ly professional or appropriate for an academic research paper is not appropriate for an academic research paper. Grammar, Spelling, Mechanics The writing is free or almost free of errors. There are occasional errors, but they don't represent a major distraction or obscure meaning. The writing has many errors, and the reader is distracted by them. There are so many errors that meaning is obscured. The reader is confused and stops reading. Length Paper is the number of pages specified in the assignment. Paper has more or fewer pages than specified in the assignment. Use of References Compelling evidence from professionally legitimate sources is given to support claims. Attribution is clear and fairly represented. Professionally legitimate sources that support claims are generally present and attribution is, for the most part, clear and fairly Although attributions are occasionally given, many statements seem unsubstantiated. The reader is confused about the source of information and ideas. References are seldom cited to support statements

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10 represented. Quality of References References are primarily peer- reviewed professional journals or other approved sources (e.g., government documents, agency manuals, ...). The reader is confident that the information and ideas can be trusted. Although most of the references are professionally legitimate, a few are questionable (e.g., trade books, internet sources, popular magazines, ...). The reader is uncertain of the reliability of some of the sources. Most of the references are from sources that are not peer- reviewed and have uncertain reliability. The reader doubts the accuracy of much of the material presented. There are virtually no sources that are professionally reliable. The reader seriously doubts the value of the material and stops reading APA formatting APA format is used accurately and consistently in the paper and on the "References" page. APA format is used with minor errors. There are frequent errors in APA format. Format of the document is not recognizable as APA.

Papeer revised

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