NTM3B_supp_C07概率

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7 概率的認識 7.1 7 概率的認識 【本章各練習均中英對照,以供參考。】 熱身練習 1. 下列各圖中, O 是圓心。問圖中陰影部分 是圓的幾分之幾? 1. In each of the following figures, O is the centre of the circle, what fraction of the circle is shaded? (a) 180 O (b) 60 O (c) 210 O 2. 求下列各扇形的面積。 ( 答案準確至 3 有效數字。 ) 2. Find the area of each of the following sectors. (Correct your answers to 3 significant figures.) (a) 60 7 cm (b) 4 cm 120 (c) 210 6 cm 3. 求下列各圖中陰影部分的面積。 ( 如有需 要,答案以 表示。 ) 3. In each of the following figures, find the area of the shaded region. (Express your answers in terms of if necessary.)
7.2 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 (a) 12 cm 12 cm 18 cm 18 cm (b) 4 cm 4 cm (c) 16 cm 20 cm 9 cm 強化練習 【本部分為書中每個練習額外提供兩種不同的題目組合:「初級組合」和「高級組合」。同學可按其需要選擇完 其中一組 題目。】 練習 7A   程度一 1. 中三甲班有 38 名學生,志強 是該班的學 生 。 陳 老 師隨 意 選 出一 名學 生 擔 任班 長,問選中志強 的概率是多少? 1. There are 38 students in S3A and Herbert is one of the students of the class. Mr. Chan chooses a student at random to be the class monitor, what is the probability of choosing Herbert? 2. 某百貨公司舉行秋季大抽獎,獎品是一 輛私家車。已知該公司收到 12 300 張抽 獎券,其中 15 張是王 先生的。若該公司 從該批抽獎券中隨意抽出一張,求該獎 券屬於王 先生的概率。 2. There is an autumn lucky draw held by a department store with the prize of a private car. Among the 12 300 lucky draw tickets received by the department store, 15 of them belong to Mr. Wong. If a lucky draw ticket is chosen at random, find the probability that it belongs to Mr. Wong. 3. 從「 SUPPLEMENT 」這個英文字中隨意 抽 出一 個 字 母, 求抽 出 下列字 母的 概 率。 (a) 字母「 M (b) 字母「 E 3. If a letter is chosen at random from the word ‘SUPPLEMENT’, find the probability of getting (a) a letter ‘M’. (b) a letter ‘E’. 4. 下表是中三甲班 32 名學生生日月份的頻 數分佈表。若從該班中隨意抽出一名學 生,求抽出學生的生日之月份是二月、四 月、六月、八月、十月或十二月的概率。 4. The following frequency distribution table shows the months of birth of 32 students in S3A. If a student is chosen at random, find the probability that the student was born in February, April, June, August, October or December. 月份 Month 頻數 Frequency 一月 January 3 練習 7A 初級 組合
練習 7A 初級 組合 7 概率的認識 7.3 二月 February 2 三月 March 3 四月 April 2 五月 May 1 六月 June 2 七月 July 5 八月 August 2 九月 September 4 十月 October 1 十一月 November 4 十二月 December 3 5. 魚池 A 和魚池 B 均只飼養了橙色和黑色 兩種金魚。已知魚池 A 8 條橙色金魚和 13 條黑色金魚,而魚池 B 18 條橙色金 魚和 26 條黑色金魚。若分別從魚池 A 魚池 B 隨意抽出一條金魚,問從哪一個 魚池抽出黑色金魚的概率較大? 5. There are only orange and black goldfish in fishponds A and B. In fishpond A, there are 8 orange goldfish and 13 black goldfish. In fishpond B, there are 18 orange goldfish and 26 black goldfish. If a goldfish is drawn from each fishpond at random, which fishpond has a higher probability of getting a black goldfish? 6. 過去一小時,有 328 名遊客進入海洋 。若從該批遊客中隨意選出一人,選 中北京 遊客的概率是 8 1 。問在過去一小 時 內 有 多 少 名 北 京 遊 客 進 入 海 洋 公 6. Over the past hour, 328 tourists have entered Ocean Park. If one of them is chosen at random, the probability of choosing a tourist from Beijing is 8 1 . How many tourists from Beijing have entered Ocean Park over the past hour? 7. 中三甲班有 24 名學生戴眼鏡。若從該班 中隨意抽出一名學生,該名學生是有戴 眼鏡的概率是 13 8 ,求中三甲班的學生 人數。 7. In S3A, 24 students wear glasses. If a student is selected at random from the class, the probability of selecting a student with glasses is 13 8 , find the number of students in S3A. 程度二 練習 7A 初級 組合
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練習 7A 初級 組合 7.4 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 8. 某公司舉行的聖誕派對中,有 24 名員工 參加,其中 4 名屬人事部, 3 名屬電腦 部, 12 名屬銷售部,其餘屬倉務部。若 該公司從參加的員工中隨意抽出一人可 得獎,問抽中的員工屬下列部門的概率 是多少? (a) 電腦部或人事部。 (b) 既不是人事部,也不是倉務部。 8. A Christmas party is held by a company with 24 staff members joining it. 4 of the staff members are from personnel department, 3 of them are from information technology department, 12 of them are from sales department and the rest are from warehouse department. If a staff member is chosen at random for a prize, what are the probabilities of getting a staff member from the following department? (a) Either from information technology department or personnel department. (b) Neither from personnel department nor warehouse department. 9. 某報攤有 27 名顧客訂購報紙,其中 15 名顧客只訂購一份中文報紙, 9 名顧客 只訂購一份英文報紙,餘下的則同時訂 購中文報紙和英文報紙。若其中一名顧 客致電報攤, (a) 問該顧客同時訂購了中文報紙和英 文報紙的概率是多少? (b) 問該顧客只訂購一份報紙的概率是 多少? 9. There are 27 customers subscribing newspapers from a news-stand. 15 of them subscribe one Chinese newspaper only, 9 of them subscribe one English newspaper only and the rest subscribe both Chinese and English newspapers. If one of these customers calls the news- stand, (a) what is the probability that the customer has subscribed both Chinese and English newspapers? (b) what is the probability that the customer has subscribed one newspaper only? 10. 下圖所示為 100 位學生數學科考試成績 的累積頻數多邊形。已知得到 80 分或以 上的學生可獲得甲等成績。若從該 100 學生隨意選出一位,問選中獲得甲等成 績的學生之概率是多少? 10. The following cumulative frequency polygon shows the results of 100 students in a Mathematics examination. It is known that students who score 80 or above get a grade A each. If one of the students is chosen at random, find the probability that the chosen student gets a grade A.
7 概率的認識 7.5 40 30 20 10 0 100 位學生的數學科考試成績 The results of 100 students in a Mathematics examination 分數 Score 50 60 70 80 90 100 10 20 40 30 60 50 70 80 90 100 累積頻數 Cumulative frequency 11. 在一箱玩具火車中,有 x 件由機器 A 造,餘下的則由機器 B 製造。若從 該箱 玩具火車中隨意抽出一件,抽中由機器 A 製造的概率是 8 5 。試以 x 表示由機器 B 製造的玩具火車數目。 11. In a box of toy trains, x of them are made by machine A and the rest are made by machine B. If one toy train is chosen at random, the probability of getting a toy train made by machine A is 8 5 . Express the number of toy trains made by machine B in terms of x . 12. 100 張汽水獎券中,有 10 張獎券的獎 品是公仔一個。問應增添多少張送贈公 仔的獎券使隨意抽出一張獎券,其獎品 是公仔的概率是 7 1 12. Among 100 lucky draw tickets available from soft drinks, prizes of 10 of them are a doll each. To make the probability of selecting a ticket at random with a prize of doll as 7 1 , how many tickets with prizes of a doll each should be added? 13. 上有 盒裝檸檬茶 蘋果汁 款飲 品, 其中 檸檬茶 蘋果汁 5 。若從 上隨 取走 盒飲 品,該 盒飲 品是 檸檬茶 概率是 7 4 ,問該 有多少 盒檸檬 13. There are two types of drinks in carton, lemon tea and apple juice, on a table. The number of cartons of lemon tea is 5 more than that of apple juice. If a drink in carton is selected at random, the probability of getting a carton of lemon tea is 7 4 . How many cartons of lemon tea are there on the table originally? 練習 7A 初級 組合
練習 7A 高級 組合 7.6 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 14. 內有若 干紅 色和 原子筆 ,其中 原子筆 原子筆 3 。若從 中隨意 出一 枝原子筆 ,抽得 原子 的概率是 0.4 ,求該 有的 原子筆 數。 14. There are some red ball pens and blue ball pens in a box, where the number of blue ball pens is 3 more than that of red ball pens. If a ball pen is selected at random, the probability of selecting a red ball pen is 0.4. Find the total number of ball pens in the box originally.   程度一 1. 已知一合 唱團 24 名成員, 中有 3 成員的 年齡 小於 16 。若合 唱團團 長隨 意選出一名成員,問選中 16 以下的成 員之概率是多少? 1. There are 24 members in the choir in which 3 of them are under 16. If the choir leader chooses a member at random, find the probability that the chosen one is under 16. 2. 音 樂 會 600 張 贈 券 供 市 民 申 請 索 每人 限索取 一張。若 申請 人數 額, 主辦 構會 隨機 贈券分 配給申請 人。已知 主辦 收到 1 764 申請 是其 中一 個 , 求 寶 怡 獲得 贈 券 的概 率。 2. There are 600 free concert tickets available for the public, where each person can apply for one ticket only. If there are excess of applicants, the organizer will distribute the tickets to them at random. Given that there are 1 764 applicants and Rachel is one of them, find the probability for her to obtain a ticket. 3. 有以下 撲克牌 。若 隨意抽出一張 ,求抽得「 J 」的概率。 3. Robert has the following cards. If he selects a card randomly, find the probability of getting a ‘J’. 練習 7A 高級 組合
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7 概率的認識 7.7 4. 40 名 學 生 中 , 2 人 的 年 齡 小 於 14 37 人的 年齡 小於 16 ,餘下的則大 於或等於 16 。若從該 40 名學生中隨意 抽出一名學生,求抽中 年齡 大於或等於 16 的學生之概率。 4. In a group of 40 students, 2 of them are under 14, 37 of them are under 16, and the rest are 16 or above. If a student is chosen at random, find the probability that the student is 16 or above. 5. 某大 280 住宅單 位,其中 36 個是 二人家 80 個是三人家 64 個是四 人家 40 個是五人家 28 個是六人 或以上的家 ,其餘是 獨居 。若隨 意選出一個 住宅單 位,求該 位少於四 名家 成員的概率。 5. There are 280 flats in a building, where 36 of them are occupied by families of two, 80 of them are occupied by families of three, 64 of them are occupied by families of four, 40 of them are occupied by families of five, 28 of them are occupied by families of six or above, and the rest are occupied by people living alone. If a flat is chosen at random, find the probability that the flat is occupied by less than four family members. 6. 數學學 42 員是 生, 12 生。 物理 30 員是 生, 8 員是 生。若從該兩個學 內各隨 意抽出一名 員,問從哪個學 抽出 生的概率較大? 6. 42 members of a Mathematics club are boys and 12 are girls. 30 members of a Physics club are boys and 8 are girls. If a member is selected from each of the two clubs at random, which club has a higher probability of selecting a girl? 7. 機上有 204 客。若隨意抽出一 客,該 客是 美國 人的概率是 17 2 。問該 機上有多少名 客是 美國 人? 7. There are 204 passengers in an aeroplane. If one of the passengers is selected at random, the probability of selecting an American is 17 2 . How many American passengers are there in the aeroplane? 8. 盒雜果糖 內有 檸檬味 葡萄味 款糖果 ,其中 味糖果 9 。若 內隨意抽出一 包糖果 ,該 味糖果 的概率是 8 3 ,問該 內有多少 糖果 8. There are three types of candies, lemon flavour, grape flavour and orange flavour, in a box, where 9 packs of them are orange flavour. If a pack of candies is chosen at random, the probability of choosing a pack of orange flavour candies is 8 3 , how many packs of candies are there in the box? 程度二 練習 7A 高級 組合
練習 7A 高級 組合 7.8 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 9. 音樂 中心有 56 名學生。 24 名學生只學 鋼琴 22 名學生只學習小提 ,其餘 學生同時學習 鋼琴 和小提 。若隨意抽 出一名學生, (a) 求該學生同時學習 鋼琴 和小提 概率。 (b) 求該學生只學習一種 器的概率。 9. There are 56 students in a music centre. 24 students are learning to play pianos only, 22 are learning to play violins only. The rest of them are learning to play both pianos and violins. If a student is chosen at random, (a) find the probability that the student is learning to play both pianos and violins. (b) find the probability that the student is learning to play only one kind of musical instruments. 10. 中三 班有 36 名學生,其中每名學生只 參加一個學 。已知 6 名學生參加 體育 8 名學生參加電腦學 12 學生參加數學學 。若從該班隨意抽出 一名學生,求下列事件的概率。 (a) 該名學生是電腦學 或數學學 員。 (b) 該名學生既不是電腦學 也不是 員。 10. There are 36 students in S3B. Each of them can join only one club. It is given that 6 students have joined the Sport club, 8 students have joined the Computer club, and 12 students have joined the Mathematics club. If a student is chosen at random from S3B, find the probabilities of the following events. (a) The student is a member of Computer club or Mathematics club. (b) The student is neither a member of Computer club nor a member of Sport club. 11. 以下累積頻數 曲線 為一組學生的英 國語 文科考試成績。已知分數 50 便 。若隨意抽出一名學生,求抽得一名 及格 的學生之概率。 11. The following cumulative frequency curve shows the results of a group of students in an English Language examination. It is known that students fail the examination if their scores are below 50. If one of the students is chosen at random, find the probability of choosing a student who passes the examination.
7 概率的認識 7.9 40 30 20 10 0 一組學生的英國語文科考試成績 The results of a group of students in an English Language examination 分數 Score 50 60 70 80 10 20 40 30 60 50 70 80 90 100 累積頻數 Cumulative frequency 12. 某工 A B C 三條生 產線負責 燈泡 。若隨意抽出一個電 燈泡 ,該電 燈泡 是由生 產線 A 和生 產線 B 的概 率分別是 12 5 5 2 (a) 若生 產線 A x 個電 燈泡 ,試以 x 表示生 產線 B 的電 燈泡 數目。 (b) 若生 產線 C 440 個電 燈泡 ,求 產線 A 的電 燈泡 數目。 12. In a factory, there are three light bulb production lines, A, B and C. If a bulb is chosen at random, the probabilities of choosing a bulb produced by production lines A and B are 12 5 and 5 2 respectively. (a) If production line A produced x bulbs, express the number of bulbs produced by production line B in terms of x . (b) If production line C produced 440 bulbs, find the number of bulbs produced by production line A. 13. 某 批 獎 券 中 獎 的 概 率 為 30 1 。 若 加 入 240 有獎品的獎券,中獎的概率 90 1 。求 本獎券的數目。 13. For a batch of lottery tickets, the probability of getting one with a prize is 30 1 . If 240 tickets without prizes are added, the probability of getting one with a prize becomes 90 1 . Find the original number of lottery tickets. 練習 7A 高級 組合
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練習 7B 初級 組合 7.10 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 14. 已知 上有若 VCD DVD CD , 其中 VCD DVD 10 張 , 且 比 CD 4 張。若隨意選出一張 光碟 ,選中 VCD 的概 率是 27 10 。求 VCD 的 數 目。 14. There are some VCDs, DVDs and CDs on a shelf. The number of VCDs is 10 more than that of DVDs, and 4 less than that of CDs. If a disc is selected at random, the probability of selecting a VCD is 27 10 . Find the number of VCDs on the shelf. 15. 雪櫃 內有 4 朱古力蛋糕 5 芝士蛋 1 芒果蛋糕 淑潔 芷珊 順序 雪櫃 內各隨意 拿取 1 蛋糕 (a) 淑潔 拿取 1 朱古力蛋糕 的概 率。 (b) 淑潔 拿取 1 朱古力蛋糕 ,求 拿取朱古力蛋糕 的概率。 (c) 淑潔 拿取 1 朱古力蛋糕 ,而 拿取 1 芒果蛋糕 ,求 芷珊 取芒果蛋糕 的概率。 15. In a refrigerator, there are 4 pieces of chocolate cakes, 5 pieces of cheesecakes and 1 piece of mango cake. Suki, Billy and then Jessica each gets a piece of cake at random. (a) Find the probability for Suki to get a piece of chocolate cake. (b) If Suki gets a piece of chocolate cake, find the probability for Billy to get a piece of chocolate cake. (c) If Suki gets a piece of chocolate cake and Billy gets a piece of mango cake, find the probability for Jessica to get a piece of mango cake. 練習 7B   程度一 1. 在過去 40 個上 日, 有兩日 到。 上學 到日數的 對頻數。 1. Over the past 40 school days, Philip was late for school in 2 days. Find the relative frequency of the number of days for being late for school. 2. 朱古力 製造 商檢查 100 所生 款朱古力糖 ,所得的 結果 如下: 2. A chocolate manufacturer inspected 100 packets of chocolates and obtained the following results. 內的 朱古力糖 ( ) Number of chocolates in a packet 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 頻數 Frequency 14 10 12 15 16 14 19 (a) 得一 包朱古力糖 內有 42 概率。 (b) 若每 少於 42 粒朱古力糖便 屬於不 乎標 準,求抽出一 乎標 準的 朱古力糖 實驗 概率。 (a) Find the experimental probability of getting a packet with 42 chocolates. (b) If any packet with less than 42 chocolates is below standard, find the experimental probability of getting a standard packet. 練習 7B 初級 組合
7 概率的認識 7.11 3. 下表是某學生在四月份每 天乘搭巴士 數: 3. The following frequency distribution table shows the number of daily bus trip of a student in April. 天乘搭巴士 Number of daily bus trip 0 1 2 3 4 頻數 Frequency 8 10 6 4 2 (a) 求該學生於一 乘搭巴士 對頻數。 (b) 求該學生於一 內有 乘搭巴士 對頻數。 (a) For this student, find the relative frequency of not travelling by bus in one day. (b) For this student, find the relative frequency of travelling by bus in one day. 4. 以下是某中學過 中三學生的 智商 分佈。 4. The following table shows the distribution of the IQ of S3 students of a school in the past three years. 智商 IQ 學生人數 Number of students 86 - 90 7 91 - 95 74 96 - 100 203 101 - 105 214 106 - 110 106 111 - 115 1 (a) 求該中學中三學生 智商 96 105 ( 包括 96 105) 對頻數。 (b) 求該中學中三學生 智商 高於 105 對頻數。 (a) Find the relative frequency of S3 students with IQ lies between 96 and 105 inclusive. (b) Find the relative frequency of S3 students in the school with IQ higher than 105. 5. 1 600 隻雞蛋 中隨意抽出 x 隻雞蛋 ,其 中有 4 的。 (a) 若在抽出的 雞蛋 中, 壞蛋 對頻 數是 8 1 ,求 x (b) 根據 述情況 ,在 1 600 隻雞蛋 中, 你估計 有多少 的? 5. x eggs are chosen at random from 1 600 eggs, of which 4 of them are rotten. (a) If the relative frequency of rotten eggs out of the chosen ones is 8 1 , find x . (b) Among the 1 600 eggs, how many rotten eggs are you expecting based on the above situation? 程度二 練習 7B 初級 組合
練習 7B 初級 組合 7.12 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 6. 以下是 投擲 枚硬幣 100 1 000 10 000 結果 認為這 枚硬幣 ?試 簡單解釋 6. The following table shows the results of tossing a coin 100 times, 1 000 times and 10 000 times. Do you think that the coin is fair? Explain briefly. 投擲次 Number of tosses 「公」的 Number of heads 「字」的 Number of tails 100 64 36 1 000 487 513 10 000 5 014 4 986 7. 以下頻數分佈表 示某月 製造公司在 次調查 100 件月 重量 7. The following frequency distribution table shows the weights of 100 moon cakes measured by a moon cake manufacturer in a survey. 餅重量 (g) Weight of a moon cake (g) 201 - 210 211 - 220 221 - 230 231 - 240 241 - 250 251 - 260 頻數 Frequency 11 13 21 16 18 21 (a) 求下列事件的 實驗 概率。 (i) 重 量 介 乎 221 g 230 g ( 包括 221 g 230 g) (ii) 重 量 介 乎 241 g 250 g ( 包括 241 g 250 g) (iii) 重量超 230.5 g (b) 若有 20 000 件月 ,試 估計重量超 230.5 g 的月 數目。 (a) Find the experimental probabilities of each of the following events. (i) The weight of a moon cake lies between 221 g and 230 g inclusive. (ii) The weight of a moon cake lies between 241 g and 250 g inclusive. (iii) The weight of a moon cake is more than 230.5 g. (b) If there are 20 000 moon cakes, estimate the number of moon cakes which weigh more than 230.5 g. 8. 以下頻數分佈表 話訪 1 000 市民關 黃昏 段最常 的收 8. The following frequency distribution table shows the result of telephone interviews with 1 000 people about the paid channel they watch most frequently in the evening. Channel 劇集台 Drama channel 娛樂台 Entertainment channel 聞台 News channel 電影 Movie channel Others 頻數 Frequency 220 250 200 230 100
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7 概率的認識 7.13 (a) 若隨意抽出一位 市民 ,求下列各事 件的 實驗 概率。 (i) 市民最常 聞台 (ii) 市民最常 看劇集台 娛樂 (b) 果你打算 黃昏 在其中一個 道登廣告 你會 選擇哪 一個頻 道呢 ?為 甚麼 (c) 已知某 天全港 300 000 人於 黃昏 。試 估計當 最常 聞台 的人數。 (a) If a person is chosen at random, find the experimental probability of each of the following events. (i) The person watches the news channel most frequently. (ii) The person watches the drama channel or entertainment channel most frequently. (b) If you want to advertise on one of the paid channels in the evening, which channel will you choose? Why? (c) Given that 300 000 people watch paid channels in one evening, estimate the number of people who watch the news channel most frequently.   程度一 1. 下表所示為一 日本 來香港 遊的 數。 1. The following table shows the number of times of a group of Japanese tourists visiting Hong Kong. Number of times 1 2 3 4 5 6 或以上 6 or above 頻數 Frequency 644 576 325 195 107 153 一名日本 剛抵達香港 (a) 求該名 客是第一 次來香港 遊的 對頻數。 (b) 求該名 客是第四 次來香港 遊的 對頻數。 A Japanese tourist arrives Hong Kong, (a) find the relative frequency that it is his/her first time visiting Hong Kong. (b) find the relative frequency that it is his/her fourth time visiting Hong Kong. 2. 以下的累積頻數分佈表 示了 嘉威 在十 一月的每 晚睡眠 2. The following cumulative frequency table shows the number of sleeping hours of Derek each night in November. 睡眠 少於 ( 小時 ) Sleeping hours less than 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 累積頻數 Cumulative frequency 1 4 10 22 29 29 30 練習 7B 高級 組合
練習 7B 高級 組合 7.14 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 (a) 嘉威 晚間睡眠 少於 8 小時的 對頻 數。 (b) 嘉威 晚間睡眠 多於或等於 7 小時 少於 9 小時的 對頻數。 (a) Find the relative frequency for Derek to sleep less than 8 hours at night. (b) Find the relative frequency for Derek to sleep more than or equal to 7 hours but less than 9 hours at night. 3. 下 表所 示 為 某 中三 級學 生 的 身高 分 佈。 3. The following table shows the distribution of the heights of S3 students in a school. 身高 (cm) Height (cm) 學生人數 Number of students 少於 130 less than 130 2 130 - 139 8 140 - 149 32 150 - 159 84 160 - 169 76 170 - 179 30 180 或以上 180 or above 8 (a) 求一名中三級學生身高 介乎 140 cm 169 cm ( 包 括 140 cm 169 cm) 實驗 概率。 (b) 求一名中三級學生身高少於 140 cm 實驗 概率。 (a) Find the experimental probability that the height of a S3 student lies between 140 cm and 169 cm inclusive. (b) Find the experimental probability that the height of a S3 student is less than 140 cm.
7 概率的認識 7.15 4. 2 400 件電 子零 件中隨意抽出 x 件, 中有 3 件是 損壞 的。 (a) 若在抽出的電 子零 件中, 損壞 的電 子零 件之 對頻數是 75 1 ,求 x (b) 根據 述情況 你估計 在該 2 400 子零 件中,有多少件是 損壞 的? 4. From 2 400 electronic components, x of them are chosen at random, of which 3 of them are defective. (a) If the relative frequency of defective electronic components out of the chosen ones is 75 1 , find x . (b) Among the 2 400 pieces of electronic components, estimate the number of defective ones based on the above situation. 5. 1 200 本 新 印 刷 的 書 中 隨 意 抽 出 50 本, 發現 其中 x 本是 錯版 (a) 若在抽出的書中, 錯版 書的 對頻 數是 25 1 ,求 x (b) 根據 述情況 ,在 1 200 本新 印刷 書中, 你估計 有多少本是 錯版 的? 5. From 1 200 copies of a new book, 50 of them are chosen at random, of which x of them are misprinted, (a) If the relative frequency of misprinted copies out of the chosen ones is 25 1 , find x . (b) Among the 1 200 copies of the new book, estimate the number of misprinted copies based on the above situation. 程度二 6. 中有若 數目的 紅球 和黑 它們 的大小和 重量皆相 同。從 中隨意抽出 一個 球後再放回袋 中。下表所示為抽 100 1 000 10 000 中,抽出 和黑 的數目。 1 6. There are some red balls and black balls in a bag, and they are identical in size and weight. A ball is drawn out at random and then put back into the bag. The following table shows the respective number of red balls and black balls obtained in 100 draws, 1 000 draws and 10 000 draws. 球次 Number of draws 紅球 數目 Number of red balls 數目 Number of black balls 100 28 72 1 000 358 642 10 000 3 052 6 948 認為 紅球 和黑 的數目 簡單解釋 Do you think that there is the same number of red balls and black balls in the bag? Explain briefly. 練習 7B 高級 組合
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練習 7C 初級 組合 練習 7B 高級 組合 7.16 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 7. 為了 調查 地區 烏鴉 數目,科學家 100 隻烏鴉 然後 牠們 上一個 再把牠們放走 。過了一 ,在該 地區再捕捉 100 隻烏鴉 發現 中有 8 隻裝 有該種 (a) 求該 地區 有該種 烏鴉 對頻數。 (b) 估計 地區 烏鴉 的數目。 7. To investigate the number of crows in a district, scientists caught 100 crows, put a ring around a foot of each crow and then released them. After a period of time, 100 crows in the district were caught again of which 8 of them had the rings. (a) What is the relative frequency of the crows in the district with the rings? (b) Estimate the number of crows in the district. 8. 下表所示為一個 市民最常閱讀 的報 章之 調查結果 8. The following table shows the result of a survey about the most frequently read newspaper with people. 報章 Newspaper 讀者年齡 Age of reader 南方 日報 Southern Daily Moon Daily 橙報 Orange Daily Ping Daily Chiu Daily 30 或以下 30 or below 225 186 174 167 260 30 以上 Above 30 288 94 190 294 122 根據 結果 答下列各題。 (a) 求一名 市民最常閱讀 橙報 的概率。 (b) 求一名三十 以上的 市民最常閱讀 南方 日報 的概率。 (c) 最常閱讀 讀者 中,求 者年齡 是三十 或以下的概率。 (d) 某公司 打算 在該五份報章的其中 份中 刊登廣告 。在 南方 日報 、橙報 刊登 廣告 費 用 分 別 是 $2 400 $1 600 $2 000 $2 200 $1 800 。若該公司的對 象主 要是 年青 人,應選擇在哪一份 報章 刊登廣告呢 ?試 簡單解釋 According to the survey, answer each of the following questions. (a) Find the probability that a person reads Orange Daily most frequently. (b) Find the probability that a person above 30 years old reads Southern Daily most frequently. (c) Among those who read Moon Daily most frequently, find the probability that the reader is 30 years old or below. (d) A company wants to advertise in one of the above five newspapers. The cost of the advertisement in Southern Daily, Moon Daily, Orange Daily, Ping Daily and Chiu Daily are $2 400, $1 600, $2 000, $2 200 and $1 800 respectively. If the company wants to target on youngsters, which newspaper should be chosen for posting the advertisement? Explain briefly. 練習 7C   程度一
7 概率的認識 7.17 1. 試列出下列 情況 空間 (a) 枚硬幣 (b) 枚硬幣 1. List out the sample space for each of the following. (a) A coin is tossed once. (b) A coin is tossed twice. 2. 恩娜 是一名中三學生。 她打算升讀 中四 時,從中 國歷史 科和 歷史 科中選一科 從電腦科、 地理 科和 科中選 一科 修讀 。問有多少種可 的組合? 2. Ella is a S3 student. She decides to choose a subject from Chinese History and History, and a subject from Computer Studies, Geography and Economics when she promotes to S4. How many possible combinations are there? 3. 1 黃球 2 。從該 隨意抽出一個 然後放回袋 中, 意抽出一個 (a) 形圖表示兩 的可 能結 (b) 求兩 均抽出 的概率。 3. There are 1 yellow ball and 2 white balls in a bag. A ball is drawn at random and then put back into the bag. Then a ball is drawn at random again. (a) Use a tree diagram to represent the possible outcomes about the two draws. (b) Find the probability that both balls drawn are white. 4. 已知生 育男 的機 均等。 慧敏 3 (a) 形圖表示該 3 別的可 能結果 (b) (a) 小題中, 得出多少個可 能結 (c) 慧 敏 2 1 的 概 率。 4. It is given that the probabilities of giving birth to a baby boy and a baby girl are the same. Vivian has 3 children. (a) Use a tree diagram to represent the possible outcomes about the sex of the 3 children. (b) How many possible outcomes are obtained in (a) ? (c) Find the probability that Vivian has 2 sons and 1 daughter. 5. , 求下 列事 件 的 概 率。 (a) 數之 3 (b) 數之積小於 10 5. Two fair dice are tossed together, find the probability that (a) the difference is 3. (b) the product is less than 10. 練習 7C 初級 組合
練習 7C 初級 組合 7.18 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 6. 從「 APPLE 」和「 ORANGE 」兩個英文字 中各隨意抽出一個字母。 (a) 試在下表列出 空間 6. A letter is chosen at random from each of the words ‘APPLE’ and ‘ORANGE’. (a) List out the sample space in the following table. O R A N G E A P P L E (b) 求下列事件的概率。 (i) 兩個字母是 同的。 (ii) 兩個字母 字母。 (b) Find the probability of each of the following events. (i) The two letters are the same. (ii) The two letters are vowels. 程度二 7. 某遊 中,參加 先從 A 箱隨意抽出一 張紙 然後 B 箱隨意抽出一張數字 。參加 的獎金為紙 的面額 上 數 字 之 積 。 已 知 A $10 $20 $50 $100 $500 $1 000 各一張 B 箱有數字 0 0.5 1 5 10 各一張。 (a) 求獎金為 $0 的概率。 (b) 求獎金為 $100 的概率。 (c) 求獎金多於 $500 的概率。 7. In a game, a player needs to draw a banknote from box A and then a number card from box B. The amount of the cash prize obtained by the player is equal to the product of the face value of the banknote and the number on the card drawn. It is known that there are six banknotes, $10, $20, $50, $100, $500 and $1 000 in box A, and five number cards, 0, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 in box B. (a) Find the probability of obtaining a cash prize of $0. (b) Find the probability of obtaining a cash prize of $100. (c) Find the probability of obtaining a cash prize over $500. 8. 4 張分別 上「 F 」、「 O 」、「 U 」和 R 的紙 隨意抽出兩張 抽出的 放回 (a) 試在下表中列出 空間 8. There are 4 cards labelled with ‘F’, ‘O’, ‘U’ and ‘R’. Two cards are chosen at random one by one without replacement. (a) List out the sample space in the following table. 練習 7C 初級 組合
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練習 7C 初級 組合 7 概率的認識 7.19 第二張 2nd card 第一張 1st card F O U R F O U R (b) 求下列各事件的概率。 (i) 抽出兩張 同的 (ii) 抽 出 的 兩 張 可 組 成 英 文 字 OR 」。 (b) Find the probability of each of the following events. (i) The two cards chosen are the same. (ii) The two cards chosen can form the word ‘OR’. 9. 內有三張 $20 、兩張 $50 和一張 $100 內同時 隨 意抽 出 兩 張紙 , 求下 列事 件 的 概 率。 (a) 抽出的兩張紙 面額 同。 (b) 抽出的兩張紙 面額不同。 9. May has three $20 banknotes, two $50 banknotes and one $100 banknote inside her wallet. Two banknotes are chosen together at random. Find the probability of getting (a) two banknotes with equal face value. (b) two banknotes with different face values. 10. 問了 100 位顧客, 調查他 們最常 別。 10. A supermarket interviewed with 100 customers to find out the type of food that they bought most frequently. Type of food Fruit 麵類 Noodle Snack Drink 冷凍食 Frozen food 頻數 Frequency 18 17 28 32 5 從該 100 位顧客中隨意選出兩位。 (a) 試完成以下 形圖。 Two customers are chosen at random from the 100 customers. (a) Complete the following tree diagram.
練習 7C 高級 組合 7.20 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 購買飲品 Buying drink 購買其他 Buying others 購買飲品 Buying drink 購買飲品 Buying drink 購買其他 Buying others 購買其他 Buying others 顧客數目 Number of customers 顧客數目 Number of customers 18 17 28 5 68 68 1 67 (b) (i) 求抽出兩位 最常 品的顧客 結果 數目。 (ii) 求 抽 出 兩 位 顧 客 的 可 能 結 果 總 數。 (c) 求抽出兩位 最常 品的顧客之 概率。 (b) (i) Find the number of outcomes of getting two customers who buy drink most frequently. (ii) Find the total number of possible outcomes of getting two customers. (c) Find the probability of getting two customers who buy drink most frequently.   程度一 1. 內有 2 頸巾 3 頸巾 美嘉 隨意抽出一條 頸巾 再把它放回 然後再 隨意抽出一條 頸巾 (a) 求兩 均抽中同一條 頸巾 的概率。 (b) 求抽中 頸巾 的概率。 1. There are 2 red scarves and 3 white scarves in a drawer. Mary takes a scarf out at random and then puts it back. Then she takes a scarf out at random again. (a) Find the probability that both scarves taken are the same scarf. (b) Find the probability that both scarves taken are in the same colour. 2. 有若 個三位數, 中出 的數字不是 2 便 是「 3 」。 (a) 列出所有 合以上條件的三位數。 (b) 若從 (a) 小題所得的數中隨意抽出一 個,求下列各事件的概率。 (i) 只有其中一個位的數字是「 2 」。 (ii) 該數是 數。 2. There are some 3-digit numbers with digits of either ‘2’ or ‘3’. (a) List out all 3-digit numbers that satisfy the above condition. (b) If a number is chosen at random from the numbers obtained in (a) , find the probability of each of the following events. (i) Only one of the digits is ‘2’. (ii) The number is an even number. 練習 7C 高級 組合
練習 7C 高級 組合 7 概率的認識 7.21 3. ,下列哪件事件 生的 較高? 事件 A :兩個 數是 連續 數。 事件 B :兩個 同。 3. Two fair dice are tossed. Which of the following events is more likely to occur? Event A: The two numbers are consecutive numbers. Event B: The two numbers are the same. 4. 從英文字「 ABILITY 」和「 DISABLE 」中 各隨意抽出一個字母。 (a) 試在下表中列出 空間 4. A letter is chosen at random from each of the words ‘ABILITY’ and ‘DISABLE’. (a) List out the sample space in the following table. D I S A B L E A B I L I T Y (b) 求下列各事件的概率。 (i) 兩個字母是 同的。 (ii) 兩個字母 字母。 (b) Find the probability of each of the following events. (i) The two letters are the same. (ii) The two letters are consonants. 程度二 5. 中有 2 紅球 2 個黑 3 ,分別以 R 1 R 2 B 1 B 2 W 1 W 2 W 3 表示。 隨意抽出兩個 球且 抽出的 放回袋 中。 (a) 試在下表中列出 空間 5. There are 2 red balls, 2 black balls and 3 white balls in a bag and they are represented by R 1 , R 2 , B 1 , B 2 , W 1 , W 2 and W 3 . Two balls are chosen randomly one by one without replacement. (a) List out the sample space in the following table. 第二個 2nd ball 第一個 1st ball R 1 R 2 B 1 B 2 W 1 W 2 W 3 R 1 R 2 B 1
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7.22 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 B 2 W 1 W 2 W 3 (b) 求下列各事件的概率。 (i) 抽出兩個黑 (ii) 抽出兩個 (iii) 抽出兩個 色的 (iv) 抽出一個黑 和一個 (b) Find the probability of each of the following events. (i) Two black balls are drawn. (ii) Two white balls are drawn. (iii) Two balls of the same colour are drawn. (iv) One black ball and one white ball are drawn. 6. 內有 4 ,分別 1 3 5 7 從該 內同時隨意抽出兩張 ,求 它們 之和是 8 的概率。 6. There are 4 cards numbered as 1, 3, 5 and 7 in a box. Two cards are drawn together at random. Find the probability of getting a sum of 8. 7. 10 中,有 1 份是公仔、 2 份是 古力 3 份是 4 份是 事書。若 從該 10 中同時隨意抽出 2 份, 抽中 事書的概率較 有抽中 書的概率高多少? 7. There are 10 prizes, where 1 of them is a doll, 2 of them are chocolate, 3 of them are colour pencils and 4 of them are storybooks. If Macy chooses 2 prizes together at random, how much higher is the probability of getting a storybook than that of not getting a storybook? 8. 下表所示為 受歡迎 歌手 選舉中,其 100 人的 結果 。從該 100 人中隨意 抽出 2 人。 8. The following table shows the voting result of 100 people for the most popular female singer. Two people are chosen at random from the 100 people. 歌手 Singer 秀明 Jenny Karen 詠儀 Esther 芷珊 Sophia Ada 頻數 Frequency 33 28 18 12 9 (a) 試完成以下的 形圖。 (a) Complete the following tree diagram. 練習 7C 高級 組合
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練習 7D 初級 組合 練習 7C 高級 組合 7 概率的認識 7.23 秀明一票 Vote for Jenny 不投 秀明一票 Not vote for Jenny 秀明一票 Vote for Jenny 秀明一票 Vote for Jenny 不投 秀明一票 Not vote for Jenny 不投 秀明一票 Not vote for Jenny 人數 Number of people 人數 Number of people 33 33 1 32 (b) (i) 求抽出兩人 秀明 的可 能結果 數目。 (ii) 求抽出兩人的可 能結果總 數。 (c) 求抽出的兩人 秀明 的概 率。 (b) (i) Find the number of possible outcomes of getting two people who vote for Jenny. (ii) Find the total number of possible outcomes of getting two people. (c) Find the probability of getting two people who vote for Jenny. 9. 中有 1 紅球 2 。隨意抽出 球後 1 紅球 1 加入 中, 然後再 隨意抽出一 (a) 求抽出兩個不同 色的 之概率。 (b) 求第一 抽出 ,第二 抽出 的概率。 9. There are 1 red ball and 2 white balls in a bag. After a ball is drawn at random, 1 red ball and 1 white ball are put into the bag, and then a ball is drawn at random again. (a) Find the probability of getting two balls in different colours. (b) Find the probability of getting a white ball first and then a red ball. 練習 7D   程度一 1. 下圖是一張 紙,分成 I II III IV 四個 等的 。若 頭釘 隨意 紙上 ,求這 位於 I 概率。 1. The figure shows a square card equally divided into four regions I, II, III and IV. If a point is marked on the card at random by a pin, find the probability that the point locates in region I.
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7.24 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 I II IV III 2. 下圖為一個 直徑 20 cm 的圓形 鏢靶 中有一個圓內 接正 形。若一 隨意 鏢靶 中任 ,求 的概率。 ( 答案以 表示。 ) 2. A circular dartboard with a diameter of 20 cm is shown with a square inscribed in it. Suppose a dart hits on the circular dartboard randomly without hitting on any boundaries, find the probability that it hits on the square region. (Express your answer in terms of .) 20 cm 3. 木板闊 0.5 m ,長 0.8 m 上有四個大小 同的圓,每個圓的面 積 均 是 40 cm 2 。 若 向 木 板 隨 意 木板 3. The figure shows a rectangular dartboard with the width of 0.5 m and length of 0.8 m. There are four identical circles with an area of 40 cm 2 each on the dartboard. If a dart is thrown towards the dartboard at random and it hits the dartboard, 0.8 m 0.5 m A C D B (a) 中圓 A 的概率。 (b) 中其中一個圓的概率。 (a) find the probability that the dart hits on circle A. (b) find the probability that the dart hits on a circle. 4. 下圖所示為一 塊正 瓷磚 ,其邊長為 10 cm 瓷磚 中心有一個 半徑 2 cm 圓。若 下一 彈珠 並讓 瓷磚 滾動 彈珠 不是 在圓上的概率。 ( 答案以 表示。 ) 4. The figure shows a square tile with sides of 10 cm each. There is a circular region with a radius of 2 cm on the tile. If a marble is rolling freely on the square tile until it stops, find the probability that it does not stop within the circular region. (Express your answer in terms of .) 練習 7D 初級 組合
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練習 7D 初級 組合 7 概率的認識 7.25 10 cm 10 cm 2 cm 5. 在一 場足 球比 中, 可得 3 分, 和各得 1 分, 負方 有分數。小 虎隊 出、 落敗 的概率分別是 0.4 0.3 0.3 (a) 求該 得分的 期望 (b) 估計 進行了 20 得分。 5. The winning team scores 3 points and the losing team scores nothing in a football match. If two teams draw, each of them scores 1 point. The probabilities for Tiger Team to win, draw and lose in a match are 0.4, 0.3 and 0.3 respectively. (a) Find the expected value of the scores obtained by the team in each match. (b) Estimate the total scores obtained by the team after 20 matches. 程度二 6. 下圖為一 直徑 15 cm 圓形 鏢靶 ,其中 陰影部分為 直徑 5 cm 圓。 隨意 鏢靶 中陰影部分得 5 分, 色部分得 2 分。 6. The figure shows a semi-circular dartboard with the diameter of 15 cm. The shaded region is a semi-circle with the diameter of 5 cm. Now a dart is thrown and hits on the dartboard randomly, 5 marks will be obtained if it hits on the shaded region, and 2 marks will be obtained if it hits on the white region. 15 cm 5 cm (a) 中陰影部分的概率。 (b) 求得 2 分的概率。 (c) 求每 次投擲 所得分數的 期望 (a) Find the probability of hitting the shaded region. (b) Find the probability of getting 2 marks. (c) Find the expected value of each throw.
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7.26 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 7. 聯歡 進行抽獎 活動 500 張抽獎 券,其中 1 名,可得獎金 $5 000 二 獎 3 名 , 各 得 獎 金 $1 000 三 獎 5 名,各得獎金 $500 ;安慰 10 名,各得 獎金 $100 。若小生 有一張抽獎券, (a) 獲得 獎的概率。 (b) 獲獎的概率。 (c) 的獎券之 期望 7. There are 500 lucky draw tickets distributed in a party with one first prize of $5 000 in cash. There are two second prizes of $1 000 in cash each, five third prizes of $500 in cash each, and ten consolation prizes of $100 in cash each. If Stanley has a lucky draw ticket, (a) find the probability that he will win the first prize. (b) find the probability that he will win a prize. (c) find the expected value of his lucky draw ticket. 8. 在一份考試 中,有 40 條多 選擇題。 每條題目均有 4 個選 中只有一個 確答案。學生每答對一條,可得 x 分,答 錯會 y 分。若某學生 部題目均 隨意選 答案,得分的 期望 0 分。 x : y 8. There are 40 multiple choice questions in an examination paper. Each question has 4 options in which only 1 of them is correct. x marks will be scored for each correct answer, and y marks will be deducted for an incorrect one. If a student answers all the questions by guessing randomly, the expected value of his score will be 0. Find x : y . 9. 先生上班可選 乘巴士 或小 所需時 分別為 48 30 40 。過去 20 個工 中, 7 乘搭巴士 10 天乘搭地 3 天乘搭 (a) 求張 先生上班所需時 期望 (b) 若每程 巴士 和小 的車 分別 $8.5 $12 $10 ,求張 先生上班 所需車 期望 9. Mr. Cheung can go to work by bus, MTR or minibus using 48 minutes, 30 minutes and 40 minutes respectively. Over the past 20 working days, he travelled by bus, MTR and minibus in 7 days, 10 days and 3 days respectively. (a) Find the expected value of the travelling time to work of Mr. Cheung. (b) If the fares of bus, MTR and minibus are $8.5, $12 and $10 respectively, find the expected value of the fare to work of Mr. Cheung. 10. 某遊 中,每 合參加 需同時 質硬幣 。若 得兩個「公」,參加 者便 可得 10 分。若 得兩個「字」,參加 者便 被扣 20 分。若 得一「公」一「字」, 便 得到 5 分。求十個 所得分數的 期望 10. In a game, a player requires to toss two fair coins in each round. If two heads are shown, the player will get 10 points. If two tails are shown, 20 points will be deducted . If one head and one tail are shown, the player will get 5 points. Find the expected value of the result obtained after ten rounds.   練習 7D 初級 組合 練習 7D 高級 組合
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練習 7D 高級 組合 7 概率的認識 7.27 程度一 1. 下圖所示為一張 分為六等份的 六邊 形紙 。若在該紙 上隨意 上一 在邊 上,求該 點畫 在陰 影部分上的概率。 1. The figure shows a regular hexagonal paper divided into six equal regions. If a point is marked on the paper at random, without touching any boundaries, find the probability that the point is marked on the shaded region. 2. 下圖所示為一圓形 鏢靶 ,其中一個大小 40 cm 80 cm 的長 形內 於該 內。 若隨 意 出一 枚 飛 鏢並 擊 且飛 在邊 上,求 中陰 影部分的概率。 2. A circular dartboard is shown in the figure. A rectangle with dimensions 40 cm 80 cm is inscribed in the dartboard. If a dart is thrown and hits on the circular dartboard randomly without hitting on any boundaries, find the probability that it hits on the shaded region. 80 cm 40 cm 3. 下圖是一 大小為 50 cm 80 cm 的圖 。 圖 上 有 4 個 圖 案 , 分 別 示 為 I II III IV 。圖案 I 是一個等 腰直角 形,其中兩條 等邊的長度均是 15 cm 。圖案 II 的面積是圖案 I 的兩 。圖案 III 是一個邊長 10 cm 形。圖案 IV 是一個 直徑 30 cm 圓形。一 昆蟲 在該 幅畫 上, 在任 3. A rectangular picture with dimensions 50 cm 80 cm is shown. There are 4 figures in the picture, labelled I, II, III and IV. Figure I is an isosceles right- angled triangle, where the two equal sides are 15 cm each. The area of figure II is twice as large as that of figure I. Figure III is a square with sides of 10 cm each. Figure IV is a semi-circle with a diameter of 30 cm. It is given that a bug rests on the picture at random without touching any boundaries.
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7.28 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 80 cm 50 cm I II III IV (a) 昆 蟲 落 在 圖 案 II 或 圖 案 IV 的 概 率。 (b) 昆蟲 在圖案 I II III IV 中任 一個圖案的概率。 ( 答案以 表示。 ) (a) Find the probability that the bug rests on either figure II or IV. (b) Find the probability that the bug rests on neither figures I, II, III nor IV. (Express your answers in terms of .) 4. 永倫 內有三張 $20 、四張 $50 和兩張 $100 。若 隨意 出一 張紙 ,求 出紙 的金額之 期望 4. Alan has three $20 banknotes, four $50 banknotes and two $100 banknotes in his wallet. If he picks out a banknote at random, find the expected value of the amount of the banknote. 程度二 5. 下圖中的圓形 鏢靶 ,是由兩個 半徑 分別 8 cm 16 cm 的同心圓組成。若 I II ,可得 20 分。若 III IV ,可得 5 分。 則不獲任 分數。若隨意 出一 枚飛 且擲 鏢靶 ,而 會擲 中邊 5. The figure shows a circular dartboard formed by two concentric circles with radii of 8 cm and 16 cm. If a dart hits on region I or II, 20 points will be scored. If a dart hits on region III or IV, 5 points will be scored. No points will be scored if the dart hits on the white regions. If a dart is thrown and hits on the dartboard randomly without hitting on any boundaries, IV I II III 練習 7D 高級 組合
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練習 7D 高級 組合 7 概率的認識 7.29 (a) 分別求 I II III IV 的概 率。 (b) 求所得分數的 期望 (a) find the respective probabilities of hitting regions I, II , III and IV. (b) find the expected value of the points scored. 6. 上, 以一個售 $6 、三件 $14 的熱 香餅 或一 $20 麥皮作 早餐 。過去 30 上, 6 吃麵 15 香餅 9 吃麥皮作早餐 (a) 早餐 的金額之 期望 (b) 一個 、三件熱 香餅 和一 碗麥皮 的時 分別是 5 12 15 ,求 吃早餐 期望 6. Every morning Denise buys either a bread costing $6, 3 pancakes costing $14, or a bowl of cereal costing $20 for breakfast. Over the past 30 days, she had bread for 6 days, pancakes for 15 days and cereal for 9 days. (a) Find the expected value of the amount spent by Denise on breakfast each day. (b) If Denise spent 5 minutes, 12 minutes and 15 minutes to finish a bread, 3 pancakes and a bowl of cereal respectively, find the expected value of the time spent by Denise on breakfast each day. 7. 某抽獎遊 需要參加 $20 根據 則,參加 在一個 1 紅球 3 隨意抽出一個 球後放回 隨 意抽 第二 個 。 若兩 個 均是 色,可 $100 若兩個 色不同, $20 若兩個 均是 色,則 有獎金。 (a) 求抽出兩個 紅球 的概率。 (b) 求抽出不同 色的 的概率。 (c) 求抽出兩個 的概率。 (d) 求所得獎金的 期望 (e) 你會 參加該遊 ?為 甚麼 7. The fee for joining a lucky draw is $20. According to the rule, a player should draw a ball at random from a bag containing 1 red ball and 3 white balls, put the ball back into the bag and draw a ball at random again. If two red balls are drawn, the player obtains $100. If two balls in different colours are drawn, the player obtains $20. No cash prize is given for drawing two white balls. (a) Find the probability of getting two red balls. (b) Find the probability of getting two balls in different colours. (c) Find the probability of getting two white balls. (d) Find the expected value of the cash prize obtained. (e) Will you join the lucky draw? Why?
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7.30 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 8. 下圖中的圓形 鏢靶 ,是由三個 半徑 x cm 12 cm z cm 的同心圓組成,其中 x 12 z 。若 I ,可得 1 分。 III 4 分。 II 得到或 扣除 分數。若隨意 枚飛 且擲 鏢靶 ,而 會擲 ,則所得分數的 期望 0 分。 8. The figure shows a circular dartboard formed by three concentric circles with radii of x cm, 12 cm and z cm, where x 12 z . If a dart hits on region I, 1 point will be scored. If a dart hits on region III, 4 points will be deducted. No points will be scored or deducted when a dart hits on region II. If a dart is thrown and hits on the dartboard at random without hitting on any boundaries, the expected value of the points scored is 0. I II III (a) 試以 z 表示 x (b) 求所有 x z 的可 (a) Express x in terms of z . (b) Find all the possible integral values of x and z . 9. 某火車 繁忙 ,每 兩分 便 一班列車到 每班列車 20 。下圖所示為該 站繁忙 內的 其中 8 ,陰影部分 表列車 停留 內時 9. During the peak hours, a train arrives at a railway station every 2 minutes and each train stays in the station for 20 seconds. A period of 8 minutes during the peak hours is shown in the following figure in which the shaded region represents the duration of a train staying in the station. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 時間 ( 分鐘 ) Time (minute) (a) 試在圖中 列車 內的時 上陰影。 【附 已提供上圖的 本。】 (b) 在不知列車班 情況 下於 段抵達 。求 他抵達 有列車 內的概率。 (a) In the figure, shade the regions representing the duration of trains staying in the station. [ A copy of the figure is provided in the Appendix. ] (b) Raymond arrives at the platform of the station during the peak hours without knowing the timetable of trains. Find the probability that a train stays in the station when he arrives. 本章 ( 1 小時 ) 練習 7D 高級 組合
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7 概率的認識 7.31 甲部 (1) [ 每題 3 ] 1. 12 紙 中 , 有 3 張 是 色 , 5 張是 色,其餘是 色。 隨意抽一張 紙,問抽到 紙的概率是多少? 1. Among 12 coloured cards, 3 of them are red, 5 are blue and the rest are white. A card is chosen at random. What is the probability of getting a red card? 2. 已知生 育男 的機 均等, 有 兩名 ,求 兩 名 均是 的 概 率。 2. It is given that the probabilities of giving birth to baby boys and baby girls are equal. Flora has two children. Find the probability that both of them are boys. 3. 20 40 ( 包括 20 40) 隨意抽 一個數,求該數不 4 整除 的概率。 3. A number is chosen at random from integers 20 to 40 inclusive. Find the probability that the number is not divisible by 4. 4. 下圖為一個圓形 鏢靶 ,分為 A B 兩部 分,其中 O 是圓形 鏢靶 的圓心。若一 隨意 鏢靶 且飛 會擲 在邊 上,求 A 部分的概率。 4. The figure shows a dartboard divided into two regions, A and B. O is the centre of the dartboard. If a dart is thrown and hits on the dartboard randomly without hitting on any boundaries, find the probability that it hits on region A. 3 x x A B O 5. 下表所示為六箱橙中 橙的數 ,其中 每箱有 50 個橙。 該六箱橙 合, 然後 從中隨意抽出一個橙,求抽出 橙的概 率。 5. The following table shows the number of rotten oranges in six boxes each contains 50 oranges. If an orange is chosen at random after mixing up the six boxes of oranges, find the probability of getting a rotten orange. Box A B C D E F 頻數 Frequency 6 2 1 1 3 7 6. 下表為一組學生在某 的得分: 6. The following table shows the distribution of scores of a group of students in a test. 得分 Score 49 或以下 49 or below 50 - 59 60 - 69 70 - 79 80 - 89 90 或以上 90 or above 頻數 Frequency 12 10 8 5 4 1
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7.32 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 已知 及格 分數是 60 分。若從該組學生中 隨意抽出一位,求該學生是 及格 績的概率。 Given that 60 is the passing score, if a student is chosen at random from the group, find the probability that the student passed the test. 甲部 (2) [ 每題 6 ] 7. 從「 HAPPY 」和「 SAD 」兩個英文字中各 隨意抽出一個英文字母。求抽到 少一 個字母「 A 」的概率。 7. A letter is chosen at random from each of the words ‘HAPPY’ and ‘SAD’. Find the probability of getting at least one letter ‘A’. 8. 多的 雪櫃 內有四 款飲 品, 價錢 如下: 8. There are four types of drink in the refrigerator of a store with their prices and quantities as shown in the table. Drink Orange juice Green tea 檸檬茶 Lemon tea 咖啡 Coffee ($) Price ($) 8.4 6.3 5.6 9.4 ( ) Quantity (can) 12 14 30 24 (a) 若從中隨意抽出一 品,求抽得 的概率。 (b) 若隨意抽出一 品,求 品售 期望 (a) If a can of drink is chosen from the refrigerator at random, find the probability that it is a can of orange juice. (b) If a can of drink is chosen at random, find the expected value of the price of the drink. 9. 次最 受 歡 迎歌 星 的 選舉 中, 640 張選 ,得到以下 結果 9. The following pie chart shows the result of 640 votes obtained from an election about the most popular singer. 126 45 54 歌星 A Singer A 歌星 B Singer B 歌星 C Singer C 歌星 D Singer D
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7 概率的認識 7.33 (a) 若從選 中抽出一張,求抽得的 是選 歌星 C 的概率。 (b) 已知 80 張選 票尚未點 根據 以上 結果 估計 所有選 中選 歌星 C 的選 (a) If a vote is chosen at random, find the probability that it votes for singer C. (b) If 80 votes are yet to be counted, estimate the total number of votes for singer C according to the above result. 10. 下圖為一個 直徑 10 cm 的圓形 鏢靶 鏢靶 中心有一個 直徑 1 cm 的圓形 3 鏢靶 餘下面積分為 8 等份,每份 一 個分 數 。 若隨 意 且飛 會擲 中邊 上, 10. The figure shows a circular dartboard with the diameter of 10 cm. A 3-point circular region with the diameter of 1 cm is located at the centre. The rest of the dartboard is equally divided into 8 regions marked with a score each as shown in the figure. If a dart is thrown and hits on the dartboard at random without hitting on any boundaries, 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 (a) 3 的概率。 (b) 2 的概率。 (a) find the probability that it hits on the 3-point region. (b) find the probability that it hits on a 2-point region. 11. 在一組 40 人的學生中,有 30 名是數學 會會 員, 18 名是英文學 會會 員,而所 有學生 少要參加上 其中一個學 (a) 問有多少名學生同時是兩個學 員? (2 ) (b) 從這班中隨意選出 1 名學生,求 是數學學 會會 員的概率。 (5 ) (c) 5 本只參加數學學 的學生,上 星期亦 加入英文學 。若 從該班中 隨意選出 1 名學生,問 只參加上 其中一個學 的概率是多少? (6 ) 11. In a group of 40 students, 30 of them are members of the Mathematics club, 18 of them are members of the English club, and all students must join at least one of the clubs as mentioned above. (a) How many students are members of both clubs? (2 marks) (b) If a student is chosen at random, find the probability that the student is not a member of the Mathematics club. (5 marks) (c) Five members of the Mathematics club also joined the English club last week. If a student is chosen at random, what is the probability that the student is a member of either one of the clubs as mentioned? (6 marks)
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7.34 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 選擇題 [ 每題 3 ] 12. 下列 是不可 事件? I. 枚硬幣 ,兩 均是「公」。 II. 從三對 色、 色和黑色 中抽出 ,得到一 色和一 隻藍 III. ,所得的 數之和是 13 A. 只有 I B. 只有 III C. 只有 I III D. 只有 II III 12. Which of the following is an impossible event / are impossible events? I. Obtaining two heads in tossing a coin twice. II. Obtaining a white sock and a blue sock when two socks are drawn from 3 pairs of socks in blue, white and black each. III. Getting a sum of 13 in tossing two dice. A. I only B. III only C. I and III only D. II and III only 13. 下列 確的? I. 對於任 事件 E 0 P ( E ) 1 II. 事件的 實驗 概率 III. ) ( E E P A. 只有 I B. 只有 II C. 只有 I II D. 只有 II III 13. Which of the following is / are true? I. For an event E , 0 P ( E ) 1. II. Experimental probability of an event Number of trials favourable to the event Total number of trials III. P ( E ) Total number of possible outcomes Number of outcomes favourable to event E A. I only B. II only C. I and II only D. II and III only
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7 概率的認識 7.35 14. 某 小 上 有 6 人 , 其 中 4 人 是 2 人是 該小 某車 時,其中 2 人下車,求該 2 人是一 的概率。 A. 4 1 B. 15 4 C. 2 1 D. 15 8 14. There are 6 passengers on a minibus, 4 of them are males and 2 of them are females. When the minibus arrives at a stop, 2 passengers get off. Find the probability that one of them is a male and the other is a female. A. 4 1 B. 15 4 C. 2 1 D. 15 8 15. 從四張分別 有數字 2 3 4 5 同時隨意抽出兩張。以下哪一件事件 生的概率 高? A. 抽出兩張 的數字之積是 數。 B. 抽出兩張 的數字均是 數。 C. 抽出兩張 的數字均是 數。 D. 抽出兩張 的數字之積是 數。 15. Two cards are drawn together at random from four cards numbered 2, 3, 4 and 5. Which of the following events will happen with the highest probability? A. The product of the numbers of the two cards is an even number. B. The numbers of the two cards are even numbers. C. The numbers of the two cards are prime numbers. D. The product of the numbers of the two cards is a prime number. 16. 已知 A B C 三件貨品的 價錢 分別為 $10 $8 $6 建明 其中一件貨 品, 且他 A B C 的概率分別為 0.2 0.5 0.3 。求 建明 一件貨品的 A. $8.2 B. $8 C. $7.8 D. $7.6 16. The prices of items A, B and C are $10, $8 and $6 respectively. Adams wants to buy one of the three items and the probabilities for him to buy A, B and C are 0.2, 0.5 and 0.3 respectively. Find the expected value of buying an item by Adams. A. $8.2 B. $8 C. $7.8 D. $7.6
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7.36 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 17. 中,已知六個月 $2 400 概率是 0.4 虧蝕 $1 800 的概率是 0.6 問六個月 後投 報的 期望 是多少? A. $600 B. $120 C. $0 D. $120 17. In an investment, the probability of gaining $2 400 after 6 months is 0.4, and the probability of losing $1 800 after 6 months is 0.6. What is the expected value of the return after 6 months? A. $600 B. $120 C. $0 D. $120 18. 有兩條是 題,答對一題得 1 分,答 一題 1 分。若隨意 答兩題, 1 分或以上的概率。 A. 4 3 B. 2 1 C. 4 1 D. 8 1 18. There are two true or false questions in a test. 1 mark will be obtained for a correct answer and 1 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer. If two questions are answered randomly, find the probability of obtaining 1 mark or above. A. 4 3 B. 2 1 C. 4 1 D. 8 1 19. 中有 和黑 30 個。若隨意抽 出一個 的概率是 0.4 ,求該 的數目。 A. 4 B. 6 C. 12 D. 28 19. There are a total of 30 black balls and white balls in a bag. If the probability of getting a white ball at random is 0.4, find the number of white balls in the bag. A. 4 B. 6 C. 12 D. 28 20. 下表 示一組學生中,戴眼鏡的 男女 人數分佈。若從這組學生中隨意選出一 人,求該學生有戴眼鏡的概率。 20. The following table shows the distribution of the number of students wearing glasses in a group. If a student is chosen at random from the group, find the probability that the student is wearing glasses. 戴眼鏡 Wearing glasses 有戴眼鏡 Without wearing glasses Boy 35 15
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7 概率的認識 7.37 Girl 30 20 A. 5 1 B. 10 3 C. 20 7 D. 20 13 A. 5 1 B. 10 3 C. 20 7 D. 20 13 21. ,求所得 數之和大於 10 的概率。 A. 36 1 B. 18 1 C. 12 1 D. 6 1 21. Find the probability of getting a sum greater than 10 in tossing two fair dice. A. 36 1 B. 18 1 C. 12 1 D. 6 1 22. 1 100 數中 ( 包括 1 100) 隨意 抽出一個數,求該數可 5 整除 的概率。 A. 2 1 B. 5 1 C. 10 1 D. 20 1 22. If a number is picked from integers 1 to 100 inclusive, find the probability that the number is divisible by 5. A. 2 1 B. 5 1 C. 10 1 D. 20 1 23. 在一 半徑 2 cm 的圓內隨意選一 ,求 點距離 圓心不多於 1 cm 的概率。 A. 0.25 B. 0.5 C. 1 D. 2 23. If a point is chosen at random in a circle with the radius of 2 cm, find the probability that the distance between the point and the centre is not more than 1 cm. A. 0.25 B. 0.5 C. 1 D. 2
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7.38 數學新里程 中三下 初中附加練習 24. 內有 3 紅球 3 n 個黑 若從該 中隨意抽出 1 ,抽中黑 的概率較抽中 的概率高 4 1 。求該 數。 A. 12 B. 9 C. 6 D. 3 24. There are 3 red balls, 3 white balls and n black balls in a bag. If a ball is drawn at random, the probability of getting a black ball is 4 1 higher than that of white ball. Find the total number of balls in the bag. A. 12 B. 9 C. 6 D. 3 25. 內有 1 紅球 3 藍球 。若隨意先 抽出兩個 抽出 球後 放回 內,求第二 抽出 紅球 的概率。 A. 24 1 B. 12 1 C. 4 1 D. 3 1 25. There are 1 red ball and 3 blue balls in a bag. If two balls are drawn successively at random without replacement, find the probability that the second ball drawn is a red ball. A. 24 1 B. 12 1 C. 4 1 D. 3 1 26. 在一個派對中,有 56 客和 15 客。 詩琪 是其中一位 客。已知在 客中,有 4 3 客和 7 3 客是 同學。若 詩琪 隨意 一位 ,求該名 客是 同學之概率。 A. 35 24 B. 56 33 C. 2 1 D. 28 9 26. There are 56 male guests and 15 female guests in a party. Kiki is one of the guests. It is known that among the guests, 4 3 of the males and 7 3 of the females are her ex-classmates. If Kiki talks with one of the guests at random, find the probability that she talks with her ex-classmate. A. 35 24 B. 56 33 C. 2 1 D. 28 9
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