HW 4

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1 Name: ___Maxwell Montague ___ HW 4. Due Feb. 27 Please answer all homework questions in complete sentences. Use no more than three sentences to answer any one question. Take the time to craft answers that have sophisticated content (when appropriate) and excellent grammar. The best answers use active verbs (e.g. give, describe, published, worked) rather than passive verbs (e.g. is, was, were, are, to be). The best answers do not repeat my question back at me. (For example, if I ask, "Why did Carson write articles…" try to give a more sophisticated answer than, "Carson wrote articles because…" A better answer might begin, "Carson needed to earn an income…") Chapter 5 1) When did scientists really found the field of conservation biology? In 2006 with a paper published by Curt Meine and Reed Noss, scientists started to truly found conservation biology. 2) Discuss the size of a viable population in one sentence. The size of a viable population consists of a minimum of 50 population members of a species to prevent inbreeding depression in the short term; for long-term survival, the number was 500 members. 3) Describe a metapopulation . A group of spatially separated populations of the same species which interact at some level, metapopulation exposes the vulnerability of species on nearly isolated pieces of land. A metapopulation is also a community of members of a species as an aggregate. 4) Why don't farmers and ranchers like black-tailed prairie dogs? Black-tailed prairie dogs dig up and disrupt land, changing the soil chemistry making the soil more porous to rain. This increases the number of organic materials which nourish the soil. The Study Guide for "Spine of the Continent" Conservation Genetics, EHI 326

2 Name: ___Maxwell Montague ___ HW 4. Due Feb. 27 result is that nitrogen content increases allowing for higher populations of nematodes in the soil to help create plants that sustain herbivores and unwanted critters for farmers and ranchers. 5) Describe a benefit that these rodents bring to the ecosystem. These rodents help sustain over 170 other species and keep vegetation from being impoverished. 6) In Texas, when prairie dogs move out, what moves in? Invasive mesquite is known to move in and take over areas that prairie dogs have left. 7) When prairie dogs leave, what other species leaves? Nematodes begin to leave as a result of prairie dogs leaving. 8) Describe PVA . Using the fact that demographics, inbreeding, adaptation, and fragmentation each instigate a species to be more susceptible to extinction, the method of PVA is a process that assesses the risk of a species going towards extinction. 9) Describe the relevance of Resit Akcakaya to conservation biology. Concerning conservation biology, Resit Akcakaya developed the primary PVA software tools in use today. He developed statistical information into a modeling framework within the PVA software. Study Guide for "Spine of the Continent" Conservation Genetics, EHI 326

3 Name: ___Maxwell Montague ___ HW 4. Due Feb. 27 10) What did William Newmark discover? Newmark noticed that splotches representing national parks looked a lot like islands. Thus, he found 42 types of native mammals from 14 North American parks had disappeared over the previous decades in these "islands". This means that while the lands and animals were protected, it still did not help the animals. Study Guide for "Spine of the Continent" Conservation Genetics, EHI 326

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