AndreaLa San_SCIN130_Assg2

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Andrea F. La San Mexican Grey Wolf Outline American Public University SCIN130 Dr. Messina 10 DEC 2023 I. The Introduction A. Common and Scientific Names 1. Subspecies of gray wolves, popularly known as el lobo(Defenders, 2023). 2. Historically, they were called "lobo de la sierra" or "mountain wolf." 3. Scientific Names: scientifically known as Canis lupus baileyi ( US Fish and Wildlife Service,2023). 4. Level of classification: Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Mammalia, Carnivora, Carniformia, Canidae, Canis, Canis Lupus Baileyi(Animalia, 2023). B. Observation 1. The Mexican Grey Wolf is a rare endangered species; spotting them in the wild is difficult. 2. The creatures were abundant in central Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas up until the 1900s(Mulder,2018). 3. Last tracked in the Jemez Mountains one month ago(Maestas, 2023). 4. Four pups were born at the El Paso Zoo in 2021.

C. Why I chose this animal 1. Fascinating species that can be found on rare occasions within the wild 2. About 150 total remain in the wild 3. Hope to gain insight on the conservation, and protection of wolves and their habitats. D. Image Mexican Wolf Interagency Field Team (2023). II. The Body A. Physical description 1. Distinctively smaller than other wolves(Report, 2019); weigh 50-85 pounds. 2. Distinct rich multicolored fur ( US Fish and Wildlife Service,2023). 3. Pups are born with soft grayish-brown fur, gradually developing adult coloration as they mature. 4. Distinct facial patterns, including eyebrow markings, aid individual recognition and social communication within the pack ( US Fish and Wildlife Service,2023). B. Lifecycle and Reproduction 1. The lifespan of a Mexican gray wolf is six to eight years(Biological Diversity,

2023); life stages include pup, juvenile, subadult, and adult. 2. 113 Grey wolves remain in the wild and 300 in special programs as of 2016(Biological Diversity, 2023). 3. Mating season is from February to March; 63 days of gestation(Animilia, 2023). 4. Conservation efforts aim to mitigate threats, support recovery, and bolster population sustainability. C. Structure and Function 1. The intricate neural pathways, brain structures, and sensory organs form the nervous system of the Mexican gray wolf. 2. The central nervous system consists of the spinal cord, brain, and cerebellum(Strauss, 2023) and influences the wolf's coordination, communication, and survival strategies significantly. 3. endocranial volume of the vertebrate skull differentiate between populations( Michaud, 2022). D. Energy Ecology 1. These magnificent creatures play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of their ecosystems. 2. A zoo-based exotic dog meal designed for wild canines is provided to release candidates along with carnivore logs(Tribe, 2021). 3. The ecology of wolf populations is significantly influenced by the separation between one population and the next(Fuller, 2003). E. Habitat 1. Abiotic a. Require ample prey and suitable den sites.

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b. The Blue Range Wolf Recovery Area; first wild release( US Fish and Wildlife Service,2023). c. Can be found in many different southwestern environments; mountain forests are ideal conditions of cover, water, and prey availability( US Fish and Wildlife Service,2023). 2. Biotic a. Mexican wolves are housed in captive facilities that encourage wild behavior to adapt them before being released into the wild(Tribe, 2021). b. Need to ensure adequate habitat is available to support the recovered Mexican wolf population(Region, 2022). III. Conclusion 1. The Mexican Grey Wolf is a captivating creature with unique physical characteristics, a fascinating life cycle, and complex organ systems. 2. Understanding its habitat is crucial for conservation efforts and maintaining the delicate balance of ecosystems. 3. By studying its anatomy and physiology, we can gain insights into its behavior and adaptability.

References and citations Animalia (2023). Mexican Gray Wolf. https://animalia.bio/mexican-gray-wolf?custom_list=1360 Brook Maier (2021). Public Domain [Photograph]. https://www.wildlifesciencecenter.org/mexican-gray-wolf Biological Diversity (2023). Natural History. https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/mammals/Mexican_gray_wolf/natural_history.html Defenders (2023). Mexican Gray Wolf. https://defenders.org/wildlife/mexican-gray-wolf Fuller, T. K., L. D. Mech, and J. F. Cochrane. 2003. Wolf population dynamics. Pages 161–191 in L. D. Mech and L. Boitani, editors. Wolves: behavior, ecology, and conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Maestas, A. (2023, November 2). Mexican wolf located north of Interstate 40 in northwest New Mexico: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service . FWS.gov. https://www.fws.gov/press-release/2023- 11/mexican-wolf-located-north-interstate-40-northwest-new-mexico Mexican Wolf Interagency Field Team (2023). Public Domain [Photograph]. https://www.fws.gov/media/mexican-wolf-paw-print Michaud, M., Tanis, B. P., Scicluna, E. L., & Lawing, A. M. (2022). Endocranial volume increases across captive generations in the endangered Mexican wolf. Scientific Reports , 12 (1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12371-6 Mulder, E. (2018, May 09). Litter of endangered Mexican gray wolf pups born at Cheyenne Mountain Zoo. TCA Regional News http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F %2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fwire-feeds%2Flitter-endangered-mexican-gray-wolf-pups-born-at %2Fdocview%2F2036554584%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289 Region, S. (2022). DRAFT MEXICAN WOLF RECOVERY PLAN. Report: Distinct Red Wolf, Mexican Gray Wolf Genes Worthy of Protection. (2019, Mar 28). Targeted News Service http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F %2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fwire-feeds%2Freport-distinct-red-wolf-mexican-gray-genes %2Fdocview%2F2199104945%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289 Strauss, Bob. (2023, April 5). The 12 Animal Organ Systems. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/animal-organ-systems-4101795 Tribe, W. M. A. MEXICAN WOLF RECOVERY PROGRAM. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2023. Overview. https://www.fws.gov/species/mexican-wolf-

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