DISEASE TRANSMISSION_COLELLA

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Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine *

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101

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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Disease Transmission Log on to this “Gizmo” and log in using the credentials supplied by your professor. Vocabulary: disease, epidemic, infectious disease, pathogen Prior Knowledge Questions 1. Why do you think it is important to cover your mouth when you cough? To not spread bacteria and germs to other people around you . 2. Why should you always wash your hands before you eat? To not digest the germs and diseases you can be possibly holding. You should not contaminate your food before you eat it. 3. Why should people not use their cell phones when they are in the bathroom or kitchen? Because you are constantly touching your phone so when you touch things in the bathroom and then touch your phone for the rest of the day you have a high chance of getting bacteria on them. When a person has a disease , his or her normal body functions are disrupted. Diseases that can be spread from one person to another are infectious diseases . Infectious diseases are caused by viruses, bacteria, and other agents known as pathogens . In the Disease Spread Gizmo, you will be able to observe how various pathogens can spread through a group of people. Click Play and observe. 1. Describe what happened on the SIMULATION pane Every one turned green for foodborne. 2. Look at the color key on the bottom right of the Gizmo. What happens when a person changes color? They either get foodborne, airborne, or person to person . 2019 Activity A: Person-to-person • Click Reset . • On the CONTROLS tab under Active Diseases , transmission turn off Foodborne and turn on Person to person . • Set the Number of people to 5. Question: What factors affect how quickly a pathogen spreads from person to person? How close someone Is to someone, If someone coughs/sneezes in someone`s direction, if a person has not washed there hands and started shaking other peoples hands. 1. Some pathogens are spread directly from one person to another. This can happen when people come into direct contact or share items, such as drinking glasses. What do you think might affect how quickly a pathogen is spread from person to person? I think shaking someone`s hand at a party could be the quickest pathogen in a situation like this. 2. Select the SIMULATION tab on the left and the TABLE tab on the right. (Open the table tab open to answer question C.) A. What does the purple person represent? Person to person.

B. Click Play , and observe the simulation for a while. What must happen for the disease to spread from one person to another? The people coming in contact with one another. C. How long did it take to infect five people? 48 hours it took to infect 5 people . 3. Click Reset . Change the Number of people to 15. Click Play , and record how long it takes to infect five people. Then repeat the experiment when there are 25 people and 35 people in the room. Number of people in room Time required to infect five people (hr) 15 11 hours 25 5 hours 35 4 hours 4. Study the data you collected. What trend do you see in the data, and how would you explain it? The trend I see is the more people there are at the party the quicker the infection spread because of higher likely chance of contact. 5. Not all pathogens are equally infectious. Click Reset . Set the Number of people to 20. Under Probability of transmission , select Low for Person to person . On the SIMULATION tab, click Play . Record the time it takes to infect five people. Then repeat the experiment with a medium and high probability of transmission. (Note: For the “Medium” setting, move the slider half-way between the Low and High positions.) Probability of Transmission Time required to infect five people (hr) Low 49 Medium 6.5 High 2.5 6. Study the data you collected in the table above. What trend do you see in the data, and how would you explain it? The lower the transmission is the longer it takes to infect someone, the higher it is the quicker it takes to infect someone.

7. On the CONTROLS tab, place the Probability of transmission slider under Person to person half-way between Low and High . Select the SIMULATION and GRAPH tabs. Click Play . A. At what time did the disease spread most slowly? Most quickly? The first hour it was most slow, the 10 hour mark was the quickest so about right in the middle. B. How could you explain this change in the rate of the disease’s spread? The more people that got it the quicker it spread. The beginning was slow because there was only one host spreading it. 8. An epidemic is the rapid spread of an infectious disease. How do you think a government could try to prevent an epidemic of a dangerous person-to-person pathogen? By trying to influence people to wash hands especially on public transportation areas. Then government officials can also do a better job of cleaning these areas like trains and planes. Activity B: Foodborne and airborne transmission Question: How do foodborne and airborne pathogens spread? On the CONTROLS tab under Active diseases , turn off Person to person and turn on Foodborne . 1. How do you expect the spread of foodborne disease to be similar to and different from the spread of a person-to-person disease? Foodborne is more dangerous because your eating food and congesting it, person to person is only on the surface at first and is easier to eliminate by washing your hands. Its similar in the way that’s neither one is good for you. 2. Select the SIMULATION tab. Click Play and closely watch the people moving around the room. A. What does each person do just before becoming infected? Go to the food table. B. How are foodborne pathogens transmitted? Through food, possibly meats like steak and burgers from pigs. C. If a person in the simulation never eats or drinks anything from the buffet table, is it possible for them to become sick with the foodborne disease? Explain your answer. Yes, someone who receives the foodborne can pass it on to someone by coughing or touching them. 3. Select the GRAPH tab, and wait for every person to become infected. A. At what time did the disease spread most slowly? Most quickly? Slowly at 1 hour, quickly at 5 hours. B. How could you explain this change in the rate of the disease’s spread? Some diseases spread way faster then some others. 2019 4. How does the spread of a foodborne pathogen compare to the spread of the person-to- person pathogen you studied in activity A? The data shows its quicker then person to person.

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5. How would you expect the spread of an airborne disease to be similar to and different from the spread of a foodborne disease and a person-to-person disease? Its similar because all diseases are pretty quick and doesn’t take long to find new hosts. 6. Run a few simulations with the airborne pathogen. A. What patterns do you notice in how the airborne pathogen spreads? Airborne spreads very quick . B. How does the spread of an airborne pathogen compare to the spread of foodborne and person-to-person pathogens? Airborne seems like it’s the quickest pathogen to spread. 7. Suppose there is an infectious disease at a party. How can doctors tell if the disease was foodborne, airborne, or transmitted from person to person? Ask people at the party at what point did they start getting sick. Asking around to find the source is always the best bet. Or also taking a look at peoples symptoms. 8. As the human population grows, what predictions would you make about the spread of the three different types of infections you have explored today? Do some research to use one example of each to justify your response. The bacteria is always going to evolve and get worse but so are humans and technology to fight them. I believe there is no virus or bacteria that can kill mankind because humans are the best living things in the world at adapting. 2019

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