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Jan 9, 2024

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1 Jonathan Ben-Tov 5541375, Katherine Vidal 6282466 BSC2011L U02C 1235 Olivia Hernandez, 7/17/2023 Does sunlight exposure have effects on biodiversity and phytoplankton within the ponds at FIU campus.

2 Introduction: Earth has a vast number of ecosystems that are intricate and dynamic, they all have various factors that affect their prosperity and influence the abundance of life. Between these factors, sunlight plays an important role, it serves as one of the main factors for the existence or sustainability of life (ABERNATHY, 1961). Throughout this study, we explore the effects of sun light exposure on biodiversity and phytoplankton between two ponds on the University campus. For reference, phytoplankton are autotrophic components within the plankton community, they serve as an integral portion of fresh and saltwater ecosystems (NOAA, 2021). Lastly, autotrophs are organisms that are self-sufficient producers of food using a mixture of light, water, carbon dioxide or other compounds ( Autotroph , n.d.). While one pond is entirely exposed to sunlight, the other pond is completely shaded by trees alongside a layer of green moss that covers the entire surface of the water. By understanding the differences that the sunlight exposure influences, we further understand its effects on aquatic ecosystems, it also allows us to understand the abundance of life within certain parameters. With that being said, we can learn what to expect in certain environments based on sunlight exposure. Our hypothesis implies that the amount of sunlight exposure precisely affects biodiversity and phytoplankton in the bodies of water, we expect the sun-exposed pond to display a higher amount of biodiversity and phytoplankton. For this study we have recognized independent and dependent variables. The dependent variables are the amount of biodiversity observed and phytoplankton received, and the independent variables are the two different ponds. To successfully complete this research project, we will be using a set of tools to collect sample water as well as other lab equipment to analyze the samples collected.

3 Methods: To complete this experiment, it is important to follow a set of methods. Select two bodies of water, one that is exposed to the sunlight and another that is being fully shaded in any sort of way. This will ensure that the study is being done correctly. Make way to these locations, don’t forget to record the temperature of the water sample with the thermometer (Community Ecology Lab Manual, 2023), this will provide further insight and identify the difference in temperature from the sun exposure. This step should be done upon arrival to the locations and recorded several times (3-5) from the surface of the water to ensure accuracy. Samples are to be collected from each body of water, use a net contraption attached to a water bottle and you will provide successful results and will collect particles for observation, this should be done several times in order to fill up the sample jar. This contraption is attached to a rope to ensure it can be retrieved, make sure to not let go of the rope, this will result in losing your sample contraption. After collecting a reasonable sample size, the next portion is to analyze the samples so differences can be noted. Gather the appropriate tools to organize slides for the microscope, collect slides, cover slips, and a microscope. Prepare slides with a sample from each body of water, that will entail 2- 3 drops from each sample with a pipette, use a wipe to clean excess water. analyze and take notes of what is being observed. Carefully look at the samples to identify what is being looked at, you should expect to see living organisms as well as plant particles.

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4 References ABERNATHY, R. S. (1961). Biological Effects of Sunlight. American Journal of Diseases of Children , 101 (6), 784. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1961.04020070098014 NOAA. (2021, February 26). What are phytoplankton? Noaa.gov. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/phyto.html Autotroph . (n.d.). Education.nationalgeographic.org. Retrieved July 16, 2023, from https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/autotroph/#:~:text=Encyclopedic %20entry. Week 6 Community Ecology Lab Manual

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