BIOL251 Exam 1

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American Military University *

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251

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Biology

Date

Jan 9, 2024

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27

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W3: Unit Exam 1 - Results X Attempt 1 of 1 Written Jul 23, 2023 9:00 PM - Jul 23, 2023 9:38 PM Released Jul 29, 2023 1:55 AM Attempt Score 88 /100 - 88 % Overall Grade (Highest Attempt) 88 / 100 - 88 % Question 1 2 / 2 points Hormones produced and released from sex organs include which of the following? () estrogen and progesterone ) testosterone ) inhibin ~)FSHand LH ~ ) A, B, and C are all correct w Hide question 1 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 2 2 / 2 points
Which general type of hormone can easily pass through the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm of the cell? ~ ) CNS hormones ) Lipid-soluble hormones ) Pituitary hormones ) Protein hormones () Water-soluble hormones W Hide question 2 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 3 2 / 2 points The adrenal glands are wedges of glandular and neuroendocrine tissue adhering to the top of the ) hypothalamus ~ ) spleen ~ ) liver ) thyroid gland ) kidneys w Hide question 3 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 4 2 / 2 points The function of the placental hormone human placental lactogen (hPL) is to
") prepare the breasts for lactation ) nourish the placenta ) regulate the menstrual cycle ) help the placenta to mature ) All of the above are true. w Hide question 4 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 5 2 / 2 points Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true? ) Itis located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx. ) The parathyroid glands are embedded within it. ) It manufactures three hormones. ) It is controlled by the anterior part of the pituitary gland. _ ) All of the above are true. W Hide question 5 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 6 2 / 2 points How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
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)0 C )2 )3 O1 w Hide question 6 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 7 2 / 2 points Which of the following statements about insulin is true? > Insulin acts as a transport protein, carrying glucose across the cell - membrane. ) Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to ~ the cell membrane. ) Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. ) Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream. ~ ) Two of the above are true statements. w Hide question 7 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 8 2 / 2 points The two major organ systems that participate in relatively "long distance" communication in order to control and coordinate actions in the body are the system and the system.
"~ ) Nervous; endocrine () Muscular; integumentary ) Cardiovascular; endocrine ) Skeletal; muscular ) Muscular; nervous w Hide question 8 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 9 2 / 2 points What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla? ) chromaffin cells ) oxyphil cells ) beta cells ) follicle cells ) neuroglial cells W Hide question 9 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 10 2 / 2 points The sighaling done by the endocrine system is accomplished by the use of chemicals called
") electrical signals ) action potentials ~ ) hormones ) electrons ) transmitters w Hide question 10 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 11 2 / 2 points The primary hormones produced by the ovaries are ) Estrogen ) Progesterone ) Prolactin - )FSHand LH ) Testosterone w Hide question 11 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 12 2 / 2 points One of the major functions of the adrenal glands is to respond to
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) stress _ ) low insulin levels ~ ) pain ) light and dark ~ ) hunger and thirst w Hide question 12 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 13 2 / 2 points Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone? - ) TSH . > oxytocin - )ADH ) Cortisol ~ ) Insulin W Hide question 13 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 14 2 / 2 points The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce and secrete
~ ) insulin ) glucagon ) epinephrine ) betagen - )BothAandB w Hide question 14 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 15 2 / 2 points The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of (0 bone ~ ) muscle () nerve axons ) cartilage ) blood vessels w Hide question 15 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 16 0 / 2 points The pH of a liquid is a measure of its acidity or alkalinity. The normal range of pH of blood is:
~)2.0t0 3.0 ") 3.55 to 4.55 ) 4.35 t0 4.45 ~15.0t06.0 74510 7.55 w Hide question 16 feedback The pH of blood averages about 7.4; however, it can range from 7.35 to 7.45 in a healthy person. Question 17 2 / 2 points In case an American needs an emergency blood transfusion, blood with the following blood type(s) can be given without fear of agglutination? OO+ - ) AB+ (O AB- ) Blood with the same blood type as the person needing the transfusion. ) Either C or D can be given. w Hide question 17 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 18 2 / 2 points The term hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of red blood cells (RBCs) in a sample of blood. Which of the following statements is true?
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) The normal hematocrit of a man averages about 41%. ~ ) The normal hematocrit of a woman averages about 46%. ) The normal hematocrits of both men and women averages about 50%. ) The normal hematocrit of a woman averages about 41%. ~ ) The normal hematocrit of a man averages about 50%. ) w Hide question 18 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 19 2 / 2 points Which of the following is/are important in the process named coagulation? ~— Coagulation is a complicated cascade of reactions that result in the ~ formation of a mesh of fibrin. O Coagulation is a very simple and straight-forward series of only two or ~ three steps. - Neither an excess number of platelets nor having many too few platelets ~in the blood stream will cause any serious reaction. ) Coagulation can only occur in the presence of two or three different ~ "clotting factors." > A process which can reverse coagulation, named anticoagulation, can only ~ occur when one or more medications are administered to the body. w Hide question 19 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 20 2 / 2 points
Which of the following is/are important in the process named hemostasis by which the body seals a ruptured blood vessel and prevents further loss of blood? ) vascular spasm ) formation of a platelet plug ) coagulation ) fibrinolysis " ) A, B, and C are all correct. w Hide question 20 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 21 0 / 2 points The blood type of a person's blood depends on which of the following factors? Which of the three antigens, A, B, and/or O, are located on the surface of the erythrocytes. ) Which of two antigens, Rh+ or Rh-, are located on the surface of the ~ erythrocytes. > Which of the two antigens, A or B or both, are located on the surface of ~ the erythrocytes. ) Whether or not the Rh antigen is found on the surface of the ~ erythrocytes. ) The blood type depends on both C and D. w Hide question 21 feedback
The ABO part of the blood type depends on which of the A and B antigens, or both, or neither, are found on the surface of the erythrocytes. Whether the blood is Rh+ or Rh- depends on whether or not the Rh antigen is present. Question 22 2 / 2 points About 7% of plasma is made up of proteins. The most abundant of these plasma proteins is: ) alpha globulins ) immunoglobulin ") fibrinogen ) gamma globulins ) albumin w Hide question 22 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 23 2 / 2 points Which of the following is the primary function of red blood cells? > To bind some ions and molecules in the blood which are not water- ~ soluble. ) To help in the process of hemostasis, the stoppage of blood flow ~ following damage to a blood vessel. ) To carry oxygen from the lungs to all cells of the body; to carry some ~ carbon dioxide from the cells back to the lungs. . ') To help fight off infection as part of the immune system. ) To bind and carry away waste products fromm most cells of the body.
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w Hide question 23 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 24 2 / 2 points Which of the following is true of leukocytes? ) They are very similar in appearance and function as red blood cells. _ ) Leukocytes are smaller than and more numerous than red blood cells. ) Like red blood cells, mature leukocytes also lack a nucleus and other ~ intracellular organelles. ) Leukocytes always remain in circulation throughout the body. ©® The leukocyte is a major component of the body's defenses against - disease. w Hide question 24 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 25 2 / 2 points What is the most common leukocyte in the human body? ) basophils ) eosinophils ) neutrophils _ ) lymphocytes ) natural killer (NK) cells w Hide question 25 feedback
Good work; your answer is correct! Question 26 2 / 2 points What is the typical lifespan of a leukocyte? ( ) Because all leukocytes are unable to undergo mitosis (cell division), their ~ lifespan is usually only a few seconds. - Many leukocytes can live indefinitely if they are in well-protected ~ locations. ~ ) The lifespan of a leukocyte typically is measured only in hours or days. ) The lifespan of a leukocyte is approximately 120-150 days. ) The lifespan of a leukocyte is extremely variable, measuring in hours to ~ years or decades. w Hide question 26 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 27 2 / 2 points Which of the following is/are true of red blood cells? ) Their anatomical name is also erythrocyte. ") In their mature form, they do not contain a nucleus. - Immature erythrocytes that may still contain fragments of organelles are - called reticulocytes. ) They contain one molecule of hemoglobin. ) All of the above are true. w Hide question 27 feedback
Good work; your answer is correct! Question 28 2 / 2 points Which of the following is/are true of platelets? ~ ) They arise from cells called megakaryocytes. . ) They do not contain a nucleus. ) They play an important part in the clotting of blood. ) They are not cells. ) All of the above are true. w Hide question 28 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 29 2 / 2 points Which of the following is/are correct in describing thrombosis: ) A condition characterized by excessive numbers of platelets that ~ increases the risk for excessive clot formation, a condition known as thrombosis. ) Thrombosis is a very common, always harmless condition that occurs in ~ the body. ) A thrombosis is always harmless because the thrombus which is formed ~ always stays in a blood vessel precisely where it formed. ) The blood stream contains several different anticoagulants that will result ~ in the complete, normal breakdown of a thrombus. ) Two of the above are correct.
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W Hide question 29 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 30 2 / 2 points Lymphocytes can be classified in the following group or groups: ) monocytes ) B-cells - ) T-cells ) natural killer (NK) cells ) Answers B, C, and D are correct w Hide question 30 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 31 2 / 2 points One of the most important ways of investigating the function of the heart is called the "cardiac output." Which of the following facts is/are true? > Cardiac output, CO, is determined by multiplying the heart rate, HR, by ~ the amount of blood that is pumped out of the left ventricle with each heart contraction, called "stroke volume" and designated as SV. ) Is almost impossible to measure. - It cannot be measured without using very dangerous and invasive "~ methods. ") The CO will never change in any one individual. ) All of the above are true.
w Hide question 31 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 32 0 / 2 points Which of the following statement(s) is (are) true? ) The force the heart must overcome in order to pump blood is known as the its stroke volume. ) The term preload refers to a tension, or pressure, that the left ventricle ~ must develop in order for the heart to function properly. ) The preload and afterload are the primary factors that cause the heart ~ rate to change. O Contractility of the heart muscle refers to the force of contraction that ~ this muscle can exert. _ ) Both Cand D are true. w Hide question 32 feedback Contractility refers to the force of the contraction of the heart muscle. Question 33 2 / 2 points When a coronary artery is totally obstructed to any one portion of the heart muscle, what occurs?
~ That specific part of heart muscle immediately receives blood from a different artery. ) The person usually feels no pain at all. ) All heart muscle immediately stops contracting. ) A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, very likely occurs. ) That muscle immediately spasms and then ruptures open. w Hide question 33 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 34 0 / 2 points The spontaneous action potential established in cardiac contractile cells is highly dependent on which of the following? ~ ) The sodium ion, Na+ ) The potassium ion, K+ ) The calcium ion, Ca2+ ) Various voltage-gated ion channels ) All of the above w Hide question 34 feedback All contribute to the spontaneous action potential in cardiac contractile cells. Question 35 0 / 2 points A pacemaker, which depolarizes spontaneously, establishes the rate of contraction of the heart muscle. The most common pacemaker of the heart
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) is called the AV node. ) establishes a resting heart rate of about 60 to 80 contractions per minute. ) functions also under the control of both the sympathetic and the ~ parasympathetic nervous systems. () is located in the muscle of the left atrium. ") Two of the above are true. W Hide question 35 feedback The pacemaker is known as the SA node, located in the wall of the right atrium, establishes a resting heart rate of 60-80, and is under the control of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Question 36 2 / 2 points Which of the following statements is/are true? ) The size of a well-trained athlete's heart is usually smaller than normal. ) A female's heart usually weighs more than a male's heart. ) The weight of the adult male and female hearts is approximately 1000 ~ grams. O A typical heart is approximately the size of your fist: 12 cm (5 in) in length, - 8cm (3.5 in) wide, and 6 cm (2.5 in) in thickness. ) The size of the adult heart is about the same as the size of a newborn ~ baby's head. w Hide question 36 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 37 0 / 2 points
The QRS-complex of an ECG represents which of the following: ) The repolarizing of the ventricles. ) The repolarizing of both atria. ~ ) The depolarization as it travels through the AV node. " ) The depolarizing of both atria. ) The depolarization of the ventricles. w Hide question 37 feedback The P-wave represents the depolarizing of the atria. The PR interval is the time it takes for the depolarization to traverse the AV node. The QRS complex shows the depolarizing of the ventricles. The repolarizing of the atria is hidden within the QRS complex. The T-wave represents the repolarizing of the ventricles. Question 38 2 / 2 points By careful placement of surface electrodes on the body, it is possible to record the complex, compound electrical sighal of the heart. This tracing of the electrical signal is the electrocardiogram (ECG). Which of the following statements is/are true? > A normal ECG shows one single spike representing the contraction of the ~ entire heart. ) A resting ECG usually takes approximately 1-2 hours to be recorded. ( > The ECG is useful for analyzing both normal and abnormal depolarizations ~ of the heart. ) These electrodes are placed using needles deeply in the skin of the chest. ( > To record an ECG, 12-electrodes are placed in a circular pattern around ~ the person's chest.
w Hide question 38 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 39 2 / 2 points The arteries that supply blood to the myocardium of the heart are called: ) valvular arteries ) myocardial arteries ) pericardial arteries ) penetrating arteries ) coronary arteries w Hide question 39 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 40 2 / 2 points Let the left atrium = 1; the right atrium = 2; the left ventricle = 3; the right ventricle = 4. Blood then would flow through the heart in the following order: 1,234 ~4,3,2,1 3,421 C)2,4,1,3 )2,1,3,4 w Hide question 40 feedback
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Good work; your answer is correct! Question 41 2 / 2 points The specific fibers which spread the electrical impulse to the cardiac muscle fibers are called: ) depolarizing sites ) vasgus nerve fibers ") Purkinje fibers ) bundle branches _ ) AV fibers w Hide question 41 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 42 2 / 2 points What can cause the normal heart rate to increase or decrease? ) The hormone named epinephrine will cause the heart rate to decrease. ) The sympathetic nervous system will cause the heart rate to decrease. > Very few other chemicals or medications can cause the heart rate to ~ either increase or decrease. ) The parasympathetic nervous system will cause the heart rate to increase. ) Nervous control over HR is centralized within the two paired ~ cardiovascular centers of the medulla oblongata in the brain stem. w Hide question 42 feedback Good work; your answer is correct!
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Question 43 2 / 2 points Which of the following statements about the internal structure of the heart is/are correct? ) The mitral valve is a bicuspid valve. ) The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. ~ ) The aortic valve is one of the semilunar valves. ) The tricuspid valve is located between the vena cavae and the right ~ atrium. ~ ) A, B, and C are correct. w Hide question 43 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 44 2 / 2 points Which of the following parts of an ECG represents the depolarization of the atria? ) The PR-interval ~ ) The QRS-complex _ ) The P-wave ~ ) The ST interval . ) The T-wave w Hide question 44 feedback Good work; your answer is correct!
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Question 45 2 / 2 points Which of the following statements about valves in the heart is/are true? ) Avalve enables blood to only flow in one direction. ) A valve keeps blood from flowing in a reverse direction. > All of the valves open when the blood pressure on one side of the valve is higher than on the other side of the valve. ) Statements A and B are correct. Statement C is incorrect. ) Statements A, B, and C are correct. w Hide question 45 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 46 2 / 2 points The opening of any heart valve only occurs when: ) blood tries to flow in an incorrect/opposite direction. > the blood pressure in the heart chamber from which blood is flowing is higher than the blood pressure in the chamber to which the blood is supposed to flow. ) the chordae tendinae pull it open. ) papillary muscles push it open. ) the cardiac muscle surrounding the valve contracts. w Hide question 46 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 47 2 / 2 points
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Which of the following statements about the left ventricle is/are true? > Blood entering the left ventricle is usually quite low in its oxygen ~ concentration. ) Blood exits the left ventricle through the aortic valve into the aorta. ) The left ventricle contracts at the same time as the left atrium. _ ) The wall of the left ventricle is very thin but also is very strong. ) Both B and D are correct. w Hide question 47 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 48 2 / 2 points Which of the following statements about the circulatory system is/are correct? - The pulmonary circulatory system starts in the pulmonary trunk as the - blood leaves the right ventricle and ends as the blood flows back into the left atrium. ) The systemic circulatory system begins in the aorta as the blood leaves ~ the left ventricle and ends as the blood returns to the right atrium. ) The pulmonary arteries carry less oxygen than do the pulmonary veins. ) The aorta is the largest blood vessel that exits from the heart. ) All the above statements are true. w Hide question 48 feedback Good work; your answer is correct!
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Question 49 2 / 2 points Which of the following statements are considered to be normal? ~ ) Normal heart rates vary from 30 beats/minute up to 200 beats/minute. ) A heart rate less than or equal to 60 beats/minute is called bradycardia. A heart rate greater than or equal to 100 or 120 beats/minute is called tachycardia. . ) Aperson's heart rate will change depending on the needs of the body. ) B, C, and D are all correct. w Hide question 49 feedback Good work; your answer is correct! Question 50 2 / 2 points In case of damage to the SA node, there are other sites in the heart which can depolarize and establish a rate of contraction of the cardiac muscle cells. For example: > The Purkinje fibers can themselves depolarize at rates of about 5-10 ~ times per minute. ) Various other cells in either atrium can establish a heart rate of 100-140 ~ beats per minute. - The cardiac muscle cells themselves can depolarize spontaneously at ~ about 10 times per minute. ") The AV node itself can depolarize at rates of 40-60 times per minute. O The bundle branches can each depolarize at rates of approximately 50-60 ~ times per minute. w Hide question 50 feedback
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