BIO250 Lab 5.docx solved

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Lab 5 Eukaryotic Microbes, Parasitology, & Viruses BIO250L ” Student Name: MA ERICKA RENEE SAUVE Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): UAWQHC Lab Report Format Expectations Utilize college level grammar and professional formatting when completing this worksheet. Submissions without proper formatting, all required photos or sufficient responses will be rejected. Pre-lab Questions 1. What is a model organism, and why is Saccharomyces cerevisiae so often used as one? An organisms that can be used in Lab to help understanding biological process. Because of its fast growing pattern Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be used as model organism 2. Research and discuss the properties of mold that make them sometimes beneficial to humans, and sometimes potentially harmful. Mold is beneficial because of the citric acid used in medication and it can also help in cancer treatment. It is potentially harmful when someone accidentally inhale aspergillus and toxins. 3. The lab guide discussed “acellular” organisms. What characteristics classify them as acellular? Would you consider these living organisms? Viruses are considered acelluar organisms because they don't have cells they have just teo componet protein covering and DNA 4. Do some research and describe an acellular organism other than the two types discussed in the lab materials . Prions are unusual infectious proteinaceous particles which causes diseases like Scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Prions are rod-shaped and they lack nucleic acids resistant to heat and radiation. They're implicated in various chronic neurological degenerative illnesses

Lab 5 Eukaryotic Microbes, Parasitology, & Viruses BIO250L ” EXPERIMENT 1: MOLD GROWTH ON BREAD AND FRUIT Introductory Questions 1. What is the objective of Experiment 1? What outcomes do you expect to observe from this experiment? the objectiveof this experiment is to observe and analyze mold growth on organic substances. You can expect to see varying degrees of mold development on bread and apples over time. 2. In previous experiments, we have utilized agar to grow microorganisms. Why do you think we are utilizing bread and apples in this experiment? Why would agar not be an appropriate choice? To make it more realistic and practical in daily life we used Apple and bread in this experiment. Agar is excellent growing medium but it doesn't have chemical composition of comlplex organic food article. 3. What was the purpose of examining three pieces of bread and three pieces of apple in each treatment? To make sure that results of experiment are consistent and relieable. It will provide more comprehensive details of mold growth. Data and Observations Record your observed mold growth in the table below. The data you include should be quantitative, rather than qualitative, such as the number of mold colonies denoted, or a percentage of the bread or apple covered in growth. Table 1: Mold Growth on Bread and Apple Samples Condition Day of First Visible Growth Extent of Growth on Bread (Mean) Extent of Growth on Apple (Mean) Bright, Control 10 1 1 Bright, Water 06 1 1 Bright, Sugar 07 2 2 Bright, Lemon 09 1 1 Bright, Vinegar 13 1 1 Dark, Control 0 0 0

Lab 5 Eukaryotic Microbes, Parasitology, & Viruses BIO250L ” Condition Day of First Visible Growth Extent of Growth on Bread (Mean) Extent of Growth on Apple (Mean) Dark, Water 5 1 1 Dark, Sugar 5 2 2 Dark, Lemon 7 1 1 Dark, Vinegar 11 0 1 Include a high resolution photo that clearly shows your bread and apple samples as laid out below. Your photo must clearly show the mold growth denoted in your tabulated results , along with your handwritten name in the background for credit on this lab. Submissions that do not contain clear photos of the growth corresponding to the tabulated observations will not be accepted. Multiple photos may be included, if needed. Results and Discussion 1. Which condition produced the most mold growth? The least? The fastest? The slowest? Fastest was for vinegar and water Slowest for Lemon

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Lab 5 Eukaryotic Microbes, Parasitology, & Viruses BIO250L ” Medium for vinegar. 2. Based on your results, what conditions are most favorable for mold growth on bread? On apple? To see what condition would cause the mold to grow faster. 3. Would these conditions apply to all fungal growth? No . 4. Were there differences in how the mold mold on the bread vs the apple? If so, what do you think might account for these differences? Mold grows best on apple die to Great concentration of suger and moisture in that food. 5. How would changing the type of bread (e.g. fresh from a bakery, no preservatives vs. prepackaged with preservatives) affect the results? Fresh bread without any preservatives will Increase the growth of the mold. 6. How do you think changing the temperature at which the bags were incubated affected the results? With the increase in temperature bacteria grows faster so they are directly relsted to each other. This is how the changing temperature will effect the growth. 7. How would you test the predictions/hypotheses from Questions 5 and 6? By testing it with different types of bread and at different temperatures. 8. Look up the pH of lemon juice and vinegar. Based on your results and the results of your experiment for fungal growth, what can you conclude about the effect of pH on growth of mold? pH of lemon juice is 2.5 , Vinegar 3 . It indicates that lemon juice is more acidic 9. Where did the mold come from? They are present air borne in non sterile bag. And surface which is non sterile

Lab 5 Eukaryotic Microbes, Parasitology, & Viruses BIO250L ” EXPERIMENT 2: MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF Saccharomyces cerevisiae Introductory Questions 1. What is the objective of Experiment 2? What outcomes do you expect to observe from this experiment? The objective of this experiment is to observe microscopi features of yeast using different stains. 2. What differences do you expect to see between the two stains? Expected outcomes from the given experiment includes distinct visual differences between the cells stained with Gram stain and those stained with methylene blue dye. 3. Describe what you see in the Gram stain of yeast cells. Is this similar to the Gram stain of a bacterial cell? Yeast cells will not react typically to Gram staining like bacteria, And they will differently due to their unique cell wall structure.So, it is not similar to gram staining of other bacteria. Data and Observations Insert high resolution photos of your stained slides below. For credit on this lab, the photos must demonstrate that you stained your slides properly with the appropriate stain. Your handwritten name must be present in the background for credit.

Lab 5 Eukaryotic Microbes, Parasitology, & Viruses BIO250L ” Results and Discussion 1. Is Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gram-positive or Gram-negative? Research and describe the composition of yeast cell walls. How does the composition of yeast cell walls compare to the cell walls of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria? Saccharomyces cerevisiae stains both gram negative and gram positive. The major difference is thickness of cell wall visible through staining 2. What information/structures were you able to glean from the methylene blue stain that you could not get from the Gram stain? Methyline blue help us see whether it is gram positive ir negative That We could not have known from just gram staining.

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