Tissues and Skin Lab 3

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Fayetteville State University *

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168

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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BIO 168 Anatomy & Physiology I Tissues and Skin Lab Activity Experiment 1: Sweat Gland Distribution Sweat glands, also called sudoriferous glands, are found all over the body and produce a water-like substance composed of salt and water. These glands function in body temperature regulation. In this experiment, you will measure the density of sweat glands in different areas of the body. Materials needed: Iodine (betadine is ideal), absorbent white paper (NOT paper towel)-graph paper makes it easier to count, ruler/scissors PROCEDURE 1. Cut four 5 cm by 5 cm squares of paper (graph). 2. Select areas on your right anterior forearm, right palm, right anterior thigh, and right anterior foot that are fairly flat/no large creases. Paint a square of iodine on your forearm, palm, thigh and foot that is slightly larger than the cut paper square from Step 1. 3. Allow the iodine to dry for 1 minute. 4. Use tape to secure a square of graph paper on each painted square. Be sure the graph paper is securely fastened. Keep the graph paper in place for approximately 20 minutes. 5. After 20 minutes, remove each graph paper square one at a time. 6. Count the number of dots on each square. Each dot will appear as dark blue, brown or black, and represents a sweat gland. Record the number of sweat glands per square centimeter in Table 1. 7. Wash the areas. Results: Calculations: 1. After removing graph paper, count the total number of dots on the 5X5 cm (ie 25 cm 2 ) paper 2. Divide number of dots by total area cm 2 3. Record this value in Table 1 as Sweat Glands/cm 2 5 cm 5 cm
Table 1: Sweat Gland Distribution Body Region Sweat Glands/cm 2 Right Anterior Forearm Right Palm Right Anterior Thigh Right Anterior Foot Post-Lab Questions 1. What area of the body had the greatest density of sweat glands, based on your experimental results? What area had the lowest? Why do you think this is? 2. What is the purpose of sweat glands? 3. What type of tissue makes the ducts of the sweat glands? 8. Place all 4 papers on a piece of white paper. Label the white paper with the body region used and place your photo ID next to the papers. Take a photo of the results and insert the photo HERE : Make sure it is a photo of the results. Experiment 2: Introduction to the Fetal Pig The dissection experiments in A&P use the fetal pig to examine many anatomical systems. The pig is a mammal so its anatomy is very similar to the human body. We will use the pig in BIO168 and 169 so take care of and do not dispose of it. External Pig Anatomy 1. Using the safety items, take the pig from your lab kit bag and place on its side on a plastic sheet that is protecting a piece of cardboard. Do not dispose of bag or empty preserving solution within the bag. 2. Determine the age of your specimen. Run a piece of string from the tip of the nose, along the curvature of the body, to the base of the tail. Measure the length of the string from nose to tail base in centimeters and use the table below to help find the specimen’s approximate age. Record age in Table 2.
Length of Specimen (Centimeters) Approximate Age (Days from Fertilization) 4 cm 56 days 20 cm 75 days 25 cm 100 days 30 cm 112–115 days 3. Identify the following external features of the pig: a. Nares (nostrils) b. Tongue c. Eyes d. Pinnae (ears) e. Umbilical cord f. Teats-Record the number of nipples in Table 2. g. Toes-Record the number on each foot in Table 2. 4. Go to the following website: https://www.whitman.edu/academics/majors-and- minors/biology/virtual-pig Click on “ Anatomical References ” to outline some basic anatomical terms of the pig. Click on “Regions of the Pig” . Label the regions of the pig in the diagram boxes
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below: • Click on “ Anterior and Posterior ” and “ Dorsal and Ventral ” to answer the following: Identify the region labeled in the above diagram using the following terms: 3. 1. 2. 4. Pelvic Region Caudal Region Cranial Region Pectoral Region
Dorsal, Ventral, Posterior, Anterior 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Why are anatomical reference terms different for pigs and humans? 5. Sexing Your Pig: Click on “ Sexing your Pig ” to learn how to determine if your pig a male or a female. • Click on “ Is it a Male ?” Answer the following questions based on what you read and see and Record in Table 2. 10.What structure do males lack that females have? Record in Table 2. 11.Near what area does the urogenital tract open? Record in Table 2. • Click on “Is it a Female?” Answer the following questions based on what you read and see: 12.What is the scientific term for mammalian nipples? Record in Table 2. 13.Near what area does the urogenital tract open? Record in Table 2. Record the Sex of the pig in Table 2. 6. Return the fetal pig to the bag of preserving fluid and tightly secure with a rubber band or place in a zip-seal bag. Double bag in a garbage bag, if necessary. Keep in dark, cool place such as a closet or basement. 7. Dispose of the plastic covering. Clean the area and gloves with soap and water.
Table 2: External Observation of the Fetal Pig Observations Answer 2. Age 3f. # of Mammalian Nipples 3g. # of Toes/Foot 10. Structure Males Lack 11. Urogenital opening area (Male) 12. Mammalian Nipples Term 13. Urogenital opening area (Female) Sex Post-Lab Questions 14. What was the sex of your pig? Describe the criteria you used to determine this. 15. What is the predominant tissue type in the epidermis? 16. What is the predominant tissue type in the dermis? Which other structures can you identify within the dermis? 17. What is the predominant tissue type in the hypodermis? 18. Using your textbook, label the structures on the following diagram of the skin.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 2 . 3 . . 4 3 5

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