Bio Quiz SAL 1

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Walden University *

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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Started on Monday, 11 May 2020, 12:30 AM State Finished Completed on Monday, 11 May 2020, 1:10 AM Time taken 40 mins 2 secs Marks 5.00/20.00 Grade 2.50 out of 10.00 ( 25 %) Question 1 Complete Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Protein kinases phosphorylate proteins only at certain hydroxyl groups on amino acid side chains. Which of the following amino acids contain side chain hydroxyl groups? Select one: A. lysine, arginine, and proline B. aspartate, glutamate, and serine C. serine, threonine, and tyrosine D. alanine, asparagine, and serine E. threonine, phenylalanine, and arginine Feedback The correct answer is: serine, threonine, and tyrosine Question 2 Not answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text The pK of acetic acid is 4.8. What is the approximate pH of an acetate solu tion containing 0.2 M acetic acid and 2 M acetate ion? Select one: A. 5.8 B. 4.8 C. 6.8 D. 10.8 E. 0.48 Feedback

The correct answer is: 5.8 Question 3 Complete Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Which of the combinations of laboratory results below indicates compensated metabolic alkalosis? Select one: A. Low PCO2, normal bicarbonate, high pH B. High PCO2, normal bicarbonate, low pH C. Low PCO2, low bicarbonate, low pH D. Normal PCO2, low bicarbonate, low pH E. High PCO2, high bicarbonate, high pH Feedback The correct answer is: High PCO2, high bicarbonate, high pH Question 4 Complete Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text The results from the blood amino acid screen show two elevated amino acids. A titration curve performed on one of the elevated species shows two ionizable groups with approximate pKs of 2.0 and 9.5. The most likely pair of elevated amino acids consists of: Select one: A. Lysine and isoleucine B. Histidine and valine C. Leucine and isoleucine D. Aspartic acid and glutamine E. Glutamic acid and threonine Feedback

The correct answer is: Leucine and isoleucine Question 5 Complete Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following amino acids is most compatible with an α-helical structure? Select one: A. Tryptophan B. Proline C. Alanine D. Cysteine E. Lysine Feedback The correct answer is: Alanine Question 6 Complete Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Blood is drawn from a child with severe sickle cell anemia and the hemoglobin protein is degraded for peptide and amino acid analysis. Of the results below, which change in hemoglobin primary structure is most likely to correlate with the clinical phenotype of anemia? Select one: A. val-val-val to val-leu-val B. ile-leu-val to ile-ile-val C. gly-asp-gly to gly-glu-gly D. gly-ile-gly to gly-val-gly E. leu-glu-ile to leu-val-ile Feedback The correct answer is: leu-glu-ile to leu-val-ile Question 7 Complete Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Which one of the following amino acids may be classified as a zwitter ion at pH 7.0?

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Select one: A. Lysine B. Isoleucine C. Aspartic acid D. Arginine E. Histidine Feedback The correct answer is: Isoleucine Question 8 Complete Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text In a polypeptide at physiologic pH, hydrogen bonding may occur between ..... Select one: A. the side chains of an aspartyl residue and a glutamyl residue B. the terminal -amino group and the terminal -carboxyl group C. the side chains of a leucine residue and a lysine residue D. the amide group in the peptide bond and an aspartyl side chain E. the SH groups of two cysteine residues Feedback The correct answer is: the SH groups of two cysteine residues Question 9 Complete Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Autopsies of patients with Alzheimer’s disease show protein aggregates called neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques in various regions of the brain. These plaques exhibit the characteristic staining of amyloid. Which of the following structural features is the most likely characteristic of at least one protein in these plaques? Select one: A. Disulfide bond crosslinks between polypeptide chains B. A high content of beta-pleated sheet structure C. A high content of alfa-helical structure D. A low-energy native conformation E. A high content of random coils Feedback The correct answer is: A high content of beta-pleated sheet structure Question 10 Complete Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question

Question text Laboratory tests on the urine of a patient identified the presence of methylmalonate (-OOC-CH(CH3)-COO-). Methylmalonate: Select one: A. is 100% dissociated at its pKa B. is the conjugate base of a weak acid C. is a strong acid D. is 50% dissociated at the pH of the blood E. is a major extracellular buffer Feedback The correct answer is: is the conjugate base of a weak acid Question 11 Complete Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Proteins, which are composed of amino acids, help transport lipids in the bloodstream. These proteins need to be able to cluster with other non-polar molecules and exclude water. Which of the following would best describe the side chains of these amino acids in the lipid transport proteins? Select one: A. A pKa of the α-amino group of approximately 9.5 B. A more negative hydropathic index C. A more positive hydropathic index D. A pKa of the primary carboxylic acid group of approximately 2 E. A neutral hydropathic index Feedback The correct answer is: A more positive hydropathic index Question 12 Complete Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text In order for lipid-based hormones such as testosterone or estrogen to be transported in the bloodstream, they are bound to and transported by watersoluble proteins. In order to be water-soluble, the transporting protein contains which one of the following amino acids on its surface in contact with aqueous blood? Select one: A. Leucine B. Arginine C. Isoleucine D. Phenylalanine E. Valine Feedback

The correct answer is: Arginine Question 13 Complete Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text A 38-year-old homeless man suffering from chronic alcoholism comes into the emergency department with nausea, vomiting, and blurry vision. Interestingly, he denies any recent ingestion of alcohol, saying that he “ran out of booze.” His blood alcohol level is undetectable. His laboratory values are as follows: pH: 7.29 [Na+]: 135 mEq/L [Cl-]: 100 mEqL [HCO3-]: 14 mTq/L Glucose: 90 mh/dL What is most likely diagnosis? Select one: A. Metabolic alkalosis with high AG B. Respiratory acidosis with normal AG C. Metabolic acidosis with high AG D. Respiratory acidosis with high AG E. Metabolic acidosis with normal AG Feedback The correct answer is: Metabolic acidosis with high AG Question 14 Complete Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text A 2-day-old neonate becomes lethargic and uninterested in breast- feeding. Physical examination reveals tachypnea (rapid breathing) with a normal heartbeat and breath sounds. Initial blood chemistry values include normal glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate (HCO3−) levels; initial blood gas values reveal a pH of 7.53, partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) normal at 103 mmHg, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) decreased at 27 mmHg. Which of the following treatment strategies is indicated? Select one: A. Decrease the respiratory rate to treat respiratory alkalosis B. Administer alkali to treat metabolic acidosis C. Decrease the respiratory rate to treat metabolic alkalosis D. Administer acid to treat metabolic alkalosis

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E. Administer alkali to treat respiratory acidosis Feedback The correct answer is: Decrease the respiratory rate to treat respiratory alkalosis Question 15 Complete Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text A 13-year-old girl displays decreased appetite, increased urinary frequency, and thirst. She has elevated urine glucose and ketones. Which of the following blood values would be most compatible with patient's condition? Select one: A. pH: 7.05 Bicarbonate: 16.0 (mM) Arterial PCO2: 52.0 B. pH: 7.33 Bicarbonate: 12.0 (mM) Arterial PCO2: 21.0 C. pH: 7.25 Bicarbonate: 20.0 (mM) Arterial PCO2: 41.0 D. pH: 7.4 Bicarbonate: 24.0 (mM) Arterial PCO2: 39.0 E. pH: 7.66 Bicarbonate: 37.0 (mM) Arterial PCO2: 30.0 Feedback The correct answer is: pH: 7.33 Bicarbonate: 12.0 (mM) Arterial PCO2: 21.0 Question 16 Complete Mark 0.00 out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Electrolyte profile is given: SERUM Na+ (mEq/L) SERUM K+ (mEq/L) SERUM Cl− (mEq/L) SERUM HCO3− (mEq/L) pH 128 5.9 96 20 7.3 Which of the following is the most likely cause of given profile? Select one: A. Diabetes Mellitus B. Addison disease C. Barbiturate overdose D. Conn disease E. Aspirin overdose Feedback The correct answer is: Addison disease Question 17 Not answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question

Question text ABG profile is given: p H PaCO2 (mm Hg) HCO3− (mEq/L) 7.2 74 28 What is the most likely diagnosis? Select one: A. Acute respiratory alkalosis B. Acute respiratory acidosis C. Metabolic alkalosis D. Compensated metabolic acidosis E. Chronic respiratory acidosis Feedback The correct answer is: Acute respiratory acidosis Question 18 Not answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text In amyloidosis, α-helices may form alternative β-sheets of amyloid fibrils. The α-helices in these proteins can be characterized by which one of the following? Select one: A. They all have the same primary structure B. They are formed principally by hydrogen bonds between a carbonyl oxygen atom in one peptide bond and the amide hydrogen from a different peptide bond C. They require a high content of proline and glycine D. They are formed by hydrogen bonding between two adjacent amino acids in the primary sequence E. They are formed principally by hydrogen bonds between a carbonyl atom in one peptide bond and the hydrogen atoms on the side chain of another amino acid Feedback The correct answer is: They are formed principally by hydrogen bonds between a carbonyl oxygen atom in one peptide bond and the amide hydrogen from a different peptide bond Question 19 Not answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text

A 63-year-old man has become more withdrawn, less talk-ative, and less active over the past 3 years. He now spends most of his day in bed, although he has minimal difficulty with movement. On physical examination, he has 5/5 motor strength in all extremities; there is no apparent tremor or ataxia. There are no focal neurologic deficits. He can remember only one of three objects after 3 minutes. His mood is depressed. One year later, he has an episode of aspiration while eating and dies 1 week later of pneumonia. At autopsy, the brain weighs 1000 g. Which of the following microscopic findings is most likely to be seen? Select one: A. Aβ amyloid deposits B. Spongiform change C. Arteriolosclerosis D. Huntingtin protein E. Lewy bodies Feedback The correct answer is: Aβ amyloid deposits Question 20 Not answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text A 55-year-old man has had increasing difficulty with initiation of voluntary movements and increasing inability to perform activities of daily living for 1 year. On physical examination, he has difficulty initiating movement, but he can keep moving if he follows someone walking ahead of him. He has an expressionless facies. H e died of aspiration pneumonia. Autopsy is performed and microscopically, cortical neurons show spheroidal, intraneuronal, cytoplasmic, and eosinophilic inclusions. Immunohistochemical staining for which of the following proteins is most likely to be positive in these inclusions? Select one: A. α-Synuclein B. Huntingtin C. Amyloid precursor protein D. Presenilin E. Tau protein Feedback The correct answer is: α-Synuclein

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