F23B1E4%5BPractice%5D_Final

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University of Pittsburgh *

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0110

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Biology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Last Name [Print]: First name [Print]: Student ID # [Print]: Indicate your recitation section [All Tuesday]: R1 @ 9 am R2@ 10 am R3@ 12 pm R4@ 1 pm Please note by submitting the Exam you are agreeing with the following academic statement : "I acknowledge that I am aware of the University of Pittsburgh’s student code of conduct, and the Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences policy concerning academic honesty, integrity, plagiarism, and cheating. I further attest that the work I am submitting with this exam is solely my own and was developed during the exam. I have accessed only my permitted materials during the exam. I have not recorded an image of this exam, nor have I had any contact with a fellow student during the exam. I further attest that I hold myself to the high academic standards expected of me." Violation of the academic integrity statement will result in a zero score being applied, which cannot be dropped from your final grade. Signature: Score Card You may detach the scorecard, but ONLY the scorecard as you work. All pages of this exam must be returned before you leave the classroom. Section 1: Fill in the blank section Please transfer your final answers to the corresponding box below. Your answer should be a scientific description or term (2 words max). Only answers in the scoring card will be accepted. If a response is not clearly legible, or you enter multiple answers, no points will be awarded for that question. [1 point each] Blank 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank 4 Blank 5 Blank 6 Blank 7 Blank 8 Blank 9 Blank 10 1

Section 2: Open response. Enter response(s) as per question prompt. Only answers in the scoring card will be accepted. If a response is not clearly legible, or you enter multiple answers (unless otherwise directed), no points will be awarded for that question. [2 points each] Q.11 Circle the correct responses Endergonic Exergonic ATP producing ATP utilizing O 2 producing O 2 utilizing Q.12 Box 2: Box 4: Q.13 Process 1: Process 2: Q.14 NADH number: Q.15 Number of protons Q.16 Number of protons Q.17 Correct statement(s): Q.18 Circle the correct answer: Glucose Pyruvate Q.19 Enzyme: Q.20 Treatment: Section 3: Multiple-Choice section. Enter the corresponding letter for your [one] answer choice. If you enter multiple responses per question, or if your letter choice isn’t clearly legible no points will be awarded for the question [2 points each] Q.21 Q.2 Q.23 Q.24 Q.25 Q.26 Q.27 Q.28 Q.29 Q.30 Q.31 Bonus 2

Last Name [Print]: First name [Print]: Student ID # [Print]: Indicate your recitation section [All Tuesday]: R1 @ 9 am R2@ 10 am R3@ 12 pm R4@ 1 pm Reference Tables DO NOT DETACH THE REFERENCE TABLES FROM THE EXAM Section 1: Fill in the blank Select the correct scientific word(s), term, or description to complete the sentence (2 words max). Please transfer your final answers as [directed in the question prompt] to section 1 of the scorecard. Only answers on the scorecard will be accepted. Please write legibly; if your answer isn’t clearly legible no points will be awarded for the question. The fill in the blank questions are worth 1 point each. Q.1 The electron carrier Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) accepts <Blank 1> electrons (number of electrons). Q.2 During the process of human digestion the Chyme is produced in the <Blank 2> (segment of the digestive tract). Q.3 Digestive enzymes are typically transcribed and folded in their inactive state, and only become active when they reach their site of function. The inactive form is called <Blank 3> (description of inactive form). Q.4 The hormone <Blank 4> stimulates the release of HCL and pepsin into the stomach (name of specific hormone). Q.5 The process in which pyruvate can be utilized to synthetize glucose is called <Blank 5> (name of metabolic pathway). Q.6 In the Cori Cycle <Blank 6> is produced in the muscle and exported to the liver (name of metabolic intermediate). 3

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Q.7 The <Blank 7> joins the mouth to the stomach (component of the digestive system). Q.8 <Blank 8> describes how the proton-motive force generated by the electron transport chain is coupled to ATP synthesis (scientific term to describe the relationship). *Lecture 29* Q.9 Electrons from NADH enter the electron transport chain at complex <Blank 9> (Complex number or name). *Lecture 29* Q.10 the terminal electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is <Blank 10> (chemical component of the ETC). Transfer your final answers to Section 1 of the ScoreCard => Section 2: Open Response. Please transfer your final answer to the scorecard. Only answers on the scorecard will be accepted. You may detach this scorecard as you work but must return both the scorecard and exam before leaving the classroom. For this section, please enter your response as directed in the question prompt. If you enter multiple responses (other than directed) per question, or if your response isn’t clearly legible, no points will be awarded for the question. Q.11 Refer to the schematic representing the initial (steps 1-5) and later (steps 6-10) steps of glycolysis with the key intermediates highlighted. The arrows represent the intervening enzyme steps and metabolic intermediates. Compare the initial steps to the later steps and circle the correct descriptions that apply from the box below. Only consider descriptions that directly apply to the process of glycolysis. Compared to the initial steps the later steps are: Endergonic Exergonic ATP producing ATP utilizing O 2 producing O 2 utilizing Transfer your final answers to Section 2 of the ScoreCard => 4

Q.12 Refer to the schematic overview of the complete oxidation of glucose. Each numbered box represents the sequential processes or pathways involved in glucose oxidation. For example, box number 1 represents glycolysis with both the start and end products of glycolysis highlighted. The final products of glucose oxidation CO 2 and H 2 0 are also shown. Match the number to process. Box number 2: Box number 4: Transfer your final answers to Section 2 of the ScoreCard => Q.13 Refer to the schematic from Q.12. When the muscle cell undergoes anaerobic respiration do processes 1 and 3 occur? Enter yes or no in the box below; consider each process independently. Does process 1 occur in anaerobic conditions? Does process 3 occur in anaerobic conditions? Transfer your final answers to Section 2 of the ScoreCard => Q.14 Refer to the schematic from Q.12. If three glucose molecules entered glycolysis (box number 1) how many net NADH would be generated within box 3 (i.e.only count box number 3 contribution to the NADH count, no not include NADH from boxes 1,2 or 4)? 5

NADH: Transfer your final answers to Section 2 of the ScoreCard => *Lecture 29* Q.15 Refer to the image below illustrating oxidative phosphorylation. Complexes I to IV are indicated, and the thin black arrows indicate the direction of electron movement within these complexes. CoQ = ubiqunone; Cyt c = Cytochrome c. For each pair of electrons moving down the electron transport chain (ETC) a specific number of protons are moved to the intermembrane space (IMS) as indicated with the wide grey arrows. How many total protons are moved to the IMS if 1 NADH and 1 FADH 2 molecules dock with the ETC? Enter the numeric answer below. Number of protons : Transfer your final answers to Section 2 of the ScoreCard => 6

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*Lecture 29* Q.16 refer to the schematic in Q 15. If there was a mutation at complex II so that Ubinquinone (CoQ) could not dock. How many total protons would be moved to the intermembrane space (IMS) per one NADH entering the electron transport chain. Number of protons: Transfer your final answers to Section 2 of the ScoreCard => *Lecture 29* Q.17 Select the correct statement(s) that apply. In the brown adipose tissue (BAT) if thermogenin (or uncoupling protein 1; UCP 1) expression increased the number of thermogenin proteins present in the inner membrane of the mitochondria then (compared to before the increase) which statement(s) apply to the BAT tissue? Statement 1: ATP production is increased. Statement 2 : The body temperature is increased. Statement 3 : More of the proton gradient is dissipated as heat. Statement 4: The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) would have a decreased oxygen consumption. Statement(s): Transfer your final answers to Section 2 of the ScoreCard => Q.18 Citrate is an effector in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Select the product that will be produced if citrate levels are high. Circle the correct answer. Glucose Pyruvate Transfer your final answers to Section 2 of the ScoreCard => 7

*Recitation 12* Q.19 Refer to the schematic illustrating a metabolic pathway. E1 to E2 represents the enzymes, and IA to ID the metabolic intermediates of this pathway. Below is shown the metabolic profile of a patient. Which enzyme in the pathway is defective? Transfer your final answers to Section 2 of the ScoreCard => *Recitation 12* Q.20 Refer to the schematic in Q.19. Select the best treatment for the patient (Select one). Treatment A : Supplementing with intermediate A (IA). Treatment B : Supplementing with intermediate B (IB). Treatment C : Supplementing with intermediate C (IC). Transfer your final answers to Section 2 of the ScoreCard => Section 3: Multiple Choice. Please transfer your final answer to the scorecard. Only answers on the scorecard will be accepted. You may detach this scorecard as you work but must return both the scorecard and exam before leaving the classroom. For this section, please enter one response per question. If you enter multiple responses per question, or if your letter choice isn’t clearly legible, no points will be awarded for the question. Q.21 Complete the following statement. Most water reabsorption occurs in a. the esophagus. b. the stomach. c. the duodenum of the small intestine. d. the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine. e. the large intestine. 8

Transfer your final answers to Section 3 of the ScoreCard => Q.22 Select the correct statement that applies when the circulatory level of the hormone glucagon is high . a. Blood glucose levels are low. b. The circulatory level of the hormone insulin is high. c. Glucagon decreases the circulatory level of glucose. d. Glucagon increases the uptake of glucose into cells. e. Glucagon increases fat synthesis. Transfer your final answers to Section 3 of the ScoreCard => Q.23 What is the similarity between Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis. a. Both are endergonic. b. Both are exergonic. c. Both occur in the mitochondria. d. Both require an input of ATP. e. Both have the same number of enzymatic steps. Transfer your final answers to Section 3 of the ScoreCard => Q.24 Although four ATP molecules are produced in glycolysis there is only a net gain of two. The ATP numbers do not match because a. two ATP molecules are invested in the later stage (steps 5-10) of the pathway. b. glucose is oxidized inefficiently to CO2 in the pathway. c. two ATP molecules are invested in the early stage (steps 1-5) of the pathway. d. glycolysis has too many steps to efficiently produce ATP. e. NADH is produced in this pathway instead of FADH2. Transfer your final answers to Section 3 of the ScoreCard => Q.25 Complete the following statement: “If anaerobic fermentation is occurring in the mammalian muscle cells then….” a. glycolysis is inactive. b. NADH can be reoxidized. c. Ethanol is the end product. d. Pyruvate is the end product. 9

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Transfer your final answers to Section 3 of the ScoreCard => Q.26 Metabolic pathways intersect and are interrelated. If dietary fatty acids are highly available then a. more acetyl-CoA is generated for the CAC. b. less is available for the formation of triglycerides. c. there would be a decrease in glycolysis flux. d. more polysaccharides would be stored. e. there would be a decrease in pyruvate oxidation. Transfer your final answers to Section 3 of the ScoreCard => Q.27 Complete the following statement. The Cori cycle a. recycles Lactic acid (Lactate) in the muscle cells. b. recycles Lactic acid in the liver cells. c. recycles Pyruvate in the muscle cells. d. recycles Glucose within the muscle cell. e. occurs when oxygen is unlimited. Transfer your final answers to Section 3 of the ScoreCard => *Lecture 29* Q.28 As the electron transport chain (ETC) decreases its oxygen consumption then the pH of the intermembrane space (IMS) should a. increase as more protons will move into the IMS. b. increase as less protons will move into the IMS. c. decrease as more protons will move into the IMS. d. decrease as less protons will move into the IMS. e. remain unchanged as there is no net change to the direction of proton movement. Transfer your final answers to Section 3 of the ScoreCard => *Lecture 29 Content* Q.29 Which process is not a component of oxidative phosphorylation? a. The consumption of O 2 . b. The formation of ATP. c. The formation of H 2 O. d. The formation of CO 2 . e. The oxidation of FADH 2 . f. The oxidation of NADH. 10

Transfer your final answers to Section 3 of the ScoreCard => Q.30 Select the true statement regarding the Citric acid cycle (CAC)? a. One molecules of carbon dioxide are released from the CAC. b. Two molecules of GTP are released from the CAC. c. The end product of the CAC is acetyl CoA. d. The end product of the CAC enters glycolysis. e. One molecule of FADH2 is released from the CAC. Transfer your final answers to Section 3 of the ScoreCard => Q.31 bonus Which is a negative effector of the Citric Acid Cycle? a. NAD+ b. NADH c. ADP d. Pi e. citrate Transfer your final answers to Section 3 of the ScoreCard => Finished? Please check you have transferred all your final answers to the ScoreCard, and have placed your name on both the ScoreCard and Exam. Return both the ScoreCard and Exam to your TA. 11

F23B1E4%5BPractice%5D_Final

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