BIOL2060 W24 Problem Set 4

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York University *

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Biology

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Apr 3, 2024

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NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION – PROPERTY OF YORK UNIVERSITY BIOL 2060 – Winter 2024 Tutorial Problem Set #4. Total marks = 32 Work in a group of three on this problem set, answering in the space provided below. Submit this completed worksheet to your TA at the end of the session. Group members: First name Last Name Student #

1. At an undisclosed location, the probability of snow during a fall or winter day is 0.20 and for a spring or summer day is 0.05. In contrast, the probably of rain during a fall or winter day is 0.15 and for a spring or summer day is 0.50. Each of these seasons lasts one quarter of the year. What is the probability that it is winter or fall when it is snowing? (4 marks total) 2. A researcher aims to compare the gender distribution between two specific medical specialties, namely Surgery and Pediatrics. The researcher randomly selects medical students from these specialties and records their gender. Analyze the data to determine if there is evidence for a difference in gender distribution between Surgery and Pediatrics specialties. Is there any evidence for a difference? Answer in the space below. Write your null and alternate hypotheses, your test statistics, the degrees of freedom and critical value, a conclusion regarding your statistical hypotheses, and an overall conclusion regarding gender differences in the two specialties. Show all calculations. (7 marks) Male Female Surgery 45 63 Pediatrics 38 69 3. A biologist is interested in studying the migration patterns of a certain bird species throughout the year. She hypothesizes that the birds will exhibit different preferences for resting locations during different seasons due to changes in weather conditions and food availability. To test this hypothesis, she sets up 100 observation points in a forest habitat during each of the four seasons: spring, summer, fall, and winter. She records the number of birds observed resting at each observation point during each season. The data collected is as follows: Spring: 315 birds observed resting - Summer: 240 birds observed resting - Fall: 180 birds observed resting - Winter: 400 birds observed resting Is there evidence for the distribution of resting locations among seasons? Answer in the space below. Write your null and alternate hypotheses, your test statistic, the degrees of freedom and critical value, a conclusion with regards to your statistical hypotheses, and an overall conclusion regarding preferences. Show all calculations and assume each season lasts for the same amount of time. (7 marks)

4. A public health researcher hypothesizes that the distribution of disease cases in a community is influenced by factors such as access to healthcare facilities and socioeconomic status. To test this hypothesis, the researcher divides the community into randomly selected zones and records the number of reported disease cases in each zone over a specified period. Data: 9 zones had no reported disease cases 6 zones had 1 reported disease case 12 zones had 2 reported disease cases 17 zones had 3 reported disease cases 14 zones had 4 reported disease cases 18 zones had 5 reported disease cases Perform a statistical analysis to test the researcher ’s hypothesis. Answer in the space below (use the next page if necessary). Include your null and alternate hypotheses, your test statistic, the degrees of freedom and critical value, a conclusion with regards to your statistical hypotheses, and an overall conclusion as to whether the distribution of disease cases in a community are random, clustered or uniform. Show all calculations. (14 marks)

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