Source Evaluation Worksheet(1)

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Drake University *

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013

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Biology

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by kvanscyoc

To complete the SEW it is required that the source be from a peer reviewed journal. All answers must be typed. Only hardcopies will be accepted. Assignments that do not meet these requirements will not receive credit. Source Evaluation Worksheet (16 points) 1. What type of source is it? Primary or secondary. (1 point) Primary Provide rationale for type of source (primary or secondary). (2 points) Original research was done and can be seen in the results section which provides new information on the subject. 2 . Write full name-year CSE citation of source (How does it appear on your works cited page). (2 points) Kanmani P and Rhim J. 2014. Antimicrobial and physical-mechanical properties of agar-based films incorporated with grapefruit seed extract. Carbohydr Polym 102:708-16. 3. From the introduction, what is the stated purpose of the investigation. (2 points) The purpose of the investigation was to develop antimicrobial packaging by using grapefruit seed extract in agar films. 4 . Summarize how the study was conducted (either from material and methods or, if secondary source review, what criteria was used to select studies for review). (3 points) Agar films were made by using different concentration of GSE solutions, water, agar, and glycerol and then allowed to dry. Disk diffusion was used to test the antimicrobial activity with Bacilluscereus and Escherichia coli and were then incubated for 24 hours. The zones of inhibition were measured. The x-ray diffraction pattern of the agar as well as the thickness was also measured. The tensile strength was tested by stretching the film. The water vapor permeability was measured by measuring the weight loss in a cup as time went on with the film as the top of the cup. The moisture content was found by taking the initial weight of the film and final after it had been dried in a hot oven. Water solubility was tested by taking the weight before and after the film was placed in water. 5. What were the results of the study? (from discussion or, if secondary source review, identify the major points of emphasis) (3 points) The results showed the films with GSE did exhibit antimicrobial activity against the bacteria, especially the film with the most GSE. Gram negative bacteria was found to be less susceptible. It was also shown through x-ray diffraction there are no significant chemical bonds between the polymer matrix and the GSE. The strength of the agar was greatest in the control and decreased as the concentration of GSE increased. There was no significant difference in the water vapor permeability of the control versus the GSE agar. The moisture content increased in the GSE film compared to the control. 6 . Is a mechanism of action (MOA - scientific reason for the results observed) explained? If so, provide the MOA. If not, explain using rational concepts, what you believe may contribute to the observed results. (3 points) At the subcellular level the GSE inhibits the activity of bacterial enzymes and weakens both the cell wall and membrane of the bacteria. The GSE is a very hydrophilic substance and therefore would let in a lot more moisture than the control. The agar was effective in being a transport to carry the antimicrobial material. The movement of the phenolic compounds within the GSE also contributed to the antimicrobial property of the film.

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