Module 3 Post-Lab Workbook - Intro to Science

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Dec 6, 2023

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Introduction to Science PRE-LAB QUESTIONS 1. Describe a situation in which you might need to convert the units of a measurement, and what information you would need to do so. When timing your friend’s race, the stopwatch only measured in seconds, but your friend wants to know the time in minutes. To do this conversion, you need to know that there are 60 seconds in one minute. 2. What is one advantage to using scientific notation? What is one disadvantage? An advantage to scientific notation is that it can make working with very small numbers or very big numbers much simpler. A disadvantage though, is that during a math problem with two, one must be changed into the power of 10, which can cause extra steps and confusion. 3. Which of the following questions are testable using scientific experimentation? Identify the dependent variable for each testable question. A. Are there more seeds in a medium-sized Red Delicious apple or a medium-sized Granny Smith apple? Testable in scientific experimentation; which apple has more seeds B. Why do people smoke cigarettes? Not testable C. What happens to your blood glucose level if you do not eat lunch? Testable through scientific experimentation; the blood glucose level after not eating lunch D. Which planet is the most interesting to study? Not testable ©2019, eScience Labs
Introduction to Science E. Which objects are attracted by a magnet: a metal paperclip, a copper penny, or aluminum foil? Testable through scientific experimentation; whichever object has the strongest attraction to the magnet. 4. What would be the best way to organize and display data on a change in a certain variable over time? The best way to display this kind of data would be on a line graph, as it would clearly represent any changes in the data over time, ©2019, eScience Labs
Introduction to Science EXERCISE 1: UNIT CONVERSION Use the Conversion Chart to convert each given value into the designated units. 1. 37,286 g = 37.286 kg 2. 6.41 hours = 23,076.00 seconds 3. 273 cm = 107.48 inches 4. 89°F = 31.66667 °C 5. 0.32 miles = 514.9901 meters ©2019, eScience Labs
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Introduction to Science 6. 7.8 pounds = 3538.020 grams 7. 9.3 days = 803,520.0 seconds 8. 26 °C = 78.8 °F 9. 1, 523 minutes = 1.058 days 10. 25.7 grams = 0.91 ounces ©2019, eScience Labs
Introduction to Science EXERCISE 2: SIGNIFICANT DIGITS AND SCIENTIFIC NOTATION Part 1 Determine the number of significant digits in each number and list the specific significant digits. 1. 306,000 3 significant figures; 3,0,6 2. 0.0073 2 significant figures; 7, 3 3. 39.9999 6 significant figures; 3,9,9,9,9,9 4. 25.00 4 significant figures; 2,5,0,0 5. 40,000,021 8 significant figures; 4,0,0,0,0,0,2,1 6. 45,250.0 6 significant figures; 4,5,2,5,0,0 7. 0.00011 2 significant figures; 1,1 8. 420.030700 9 significant figures; 4,2,0,0,3,0,7,0,0 Part 2 Convert each number into scientific notation. ©2019, eScience Labs
Introduction to Science 1. 4,000,000,000 4 x 10^9 2. 0.000000027 2.7 x 10^-8 3. 67,760,000 6.776 x 10^7 4. 90,500 9.05 x 10^4 5. 540,900 5,409 x 10^5 6. 0.00904 9.04 x 10^-3 7. 0.032 3.2 x 10^-2 8. 512,000,000 5.12 x 10^8 ©2019, eScience Labs
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Introduction to Science EXERCISE 3: EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES Determine the variables tested in each of the following experiments. If applicable, determine and identify any positive or negative controls. 1. A study is being done to test the effects of habitat space on the size of fish populations. Different sized aquariums are set up with six goldfish in each one. Over a period of six months, the fish are fed the same type and amount of food. The aquariums are equally maintained and cleaned throughout the experiment. The temperature of the water is kept constant. At the end of the experiment the number of surviving fish are surveyed. a. Independent Variable: The different sized aquariums b. Dependent Variable: The number of surviving fish in each aquarium c. Controls: The time spent in the tanks (six months), the same amount of food, the consistent cleaning, and temperatures in the tanks. 2. To determine if the type of agar affects bacterial growth, a scientist cultures E. coli on four different types of agar. Five petri dishes are set up to collect results: • One with nutrient agar and E. coli • One with mannitol-salt agar and E. coli • One with MacConkey agar and E. coli • One with LB agar and E. coli • One with nutrient agar but NO E. coli a. Independent Variable: Each petri dish had a different type of agar ©2019, eScience Labs
Introduction to Science b. Dependent Variable: The bacterial growth on each of the petri dishes c. Controls: Using E. Coli on all but one other control dish ©2019, eScience Labs
Introduction to Science EXERCISE 4: DENSITY Data Sheet Table 1. Gummy Bear Data Exercise 4 Post-Lab Questions 1. What type of property of matter is density? Does it depend on the amount of matter present? Density is an intensive property of matter. It depends on the amount of matter present, as in order to find out the density you must know the mass and volume of matter. 2. Compare the initial and final density of the gummy bear. Was the change in density influenced more by a change in mass or a change in volume? The change in density seemed to be most affected by the major change in volume . 3. How would you expect the density of the gummy bear to change if you soaked it in isopropanol (rubbing alcohol, density = 0.79 g/cm 3 ) instead of water? I would expect the density of the gummy bear to increase, as the alcohol would likely shrink the gummy bear, causing the matter to become more closely packed. 4. How would you expect the density of the gummy bear to change if it were only soaked for 4 hours? Explain your reasoning based on your observations after 8 hours. Time Length (cm) Width (cm) Height (cm) Mass (g) Volume (cm 3 ) Density (g/cm 3 ) Initial 1 1.3 2 2.70 2.6 1.04 After 8 hours 2.5 2.5 4.5 11.90 22.5 0.53 Difference -1.5 -1.2 -2.5 -9.2 -19.9 0.51 ©2019, eScience Labs
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Introduction to Science The density would’ve still been less than the initial state of the gummy bear as it would’ve still grown bigger and have been less compact, but it would’ve still had more density than the 8 hour soaked gummy bear since it did not soak as long and become as big. 5. Insert a screenshot of your digital exercise after you have completed all of the steps. Make sure to resize the picture so that it fits on the page and is not too large. ©2019, eScience Labs

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