Unit 2 Lab - Protists, porifera, cnidaria

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Zoology – Kean Online Name___________________________ Lab Sheet 1 – Chapters 6 (Protists), 7 (Porifera) and 8 (Cnidaria) Lab Sheet 1 – Protists and the basal animals Prior coming to lab – read the introductory paragraphs for the chapter (152-153 and 178-180) and the introductions for each of the exercises (text before the procedures). Numbered questions (e.g. – are taken from the appropriate chapter in your lab book) Chapter 6 – Protists There are a number of both preserved and living protist specimens available for you to review. You should be able to recognize each by name, identify major features that make it part of its larger group, and determine what features it might have contributed to the evolution of animals First: Watch the video below on the movement of protists and answer the following questions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPwVOggUp4M 1) What relationship between water and microscopic species (like protists) leads to the strange or “unnatural” sped up movement seen in many protists? 2) What are the three primary classes of moving protists? What structures do each use to move? 3) Describe the method of movement that amoeboid cells use. How does this relate to feeding? 4) How do cilia and flagella differ from each other in terms of how they move? What subclass of cilia allows some protist to walk? Observe both the preserved (~6) and living (~4) species in the intro lab video and then answer the following questions from your lab book. 1.3 How might an eyespot be advantageous for an autotrophic organism?

Zoology – Kean Online Name___________________________ Lab Sheet 1 – Chapters 6 (Protists), 7 (Porifera) and 8 (Cnidaria) 1.4 In what ways might Euglena be considered plant like? In what ways is it animal like? 2.3 Do Trypanosomes possess chloroplasts? How do they obtain nutrients? 2.4 How are kinetoplastids similar to euglenoids? 3.3 Which type of flagellum, whiplash or tinsel, do dinoflagellates possess? 4.2 Does (would) every red blood cell contain a parasite? How many appear infected?

Zoology – Kean Online Name___________________________ Lab Sheet 1 – Chapters 6 (Protists), 7 (Porifera) and 8 (Cnidaria) 4.3 Can you detect different stages of infection? 5.6 What evolutionary benefit does conjugation offer that fission does not? 6.4 Do amoeba have rigid cell walls? How can you tell? 6.5 Do amoeba have a permanent anterior end like other protists? How can you tell? Chapter 7 – Porifera For this chapter you will complete only select exercises – Procedure 7.1 from the lab manual. There are supplemental specimens for observation – there are questions organized by specimen below. 1.1 Provide the function of these cell types: Pinacocyte, AMoebocyte, Porocyte, Choanocyte 1.2 List the three sponge body plans from least to most complex and give a one sentence description of the body plan

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Zoology – Kean Online Name___________________________ Lab Sheet 1 – Chapters 6 (Protists), 7 (Porifera) and 8 (Cnidaria) 1.3 Construct a flow chart for the path of water through a sponge (x -> y) 1.4 True or false: Sponges can reproduce sexually or asexually. Explain Supplemental specimens – Shown during Pre Asconoid sponge 1) Given your general knowledge of Asconoid morphology, identify the most likely location of one ostium, the spongecoel, and one osculum. There are multiple in this specimen and you will need to indicate the approximate locations of each feature, not the precise location. Synconoid sponge 1) Given your general knowledge of syconoid morphology, identify the most likely location of one ostium, the spongecoel, and the single osculum in this specimen. 2) Identify the flow of water through this sponge. Leuconoid sponge 1) Identify 3 ostia and 3 osculae (there are many of each). Notice that there does not appear to be any spongecoel. Gemmule (slide) 1) What is the function of a gemmule and for what major environmental obstacle did it evolve to help freshwater sponges survive? 2) What are the two other major forms of asexual reproduction in sponges? Videos and questions

Zoology – Kean Online Name___________________________ Lab Sheet 1 – Chapters 6 (Protists), 7 (Porifera) and 8 (Cnidaria) Watch the following two videos and answer the appropriate questions: Sponge aggregation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N462jZFr13k 1) What about sponge morphology allows the phenomena shown in the video to occur? 2) What are two potential ways that having this ability might be beneficial to a sponge? 3) Based on the video: what is one potential drawback of this ability? Movement through a sponge https://www.shapeoflife.org/video/sponge-animation-wild-ride-through-sponge 1) The first cell type and the last location in the sponge from the video aren’t given names – what are they? 2) Based on your trip through the sponge/the visuals in the video – what body type did you travel through? What evidence did you see supporting that? 3) In the video they refer to the sponge having “beating hearts” – why is this analogy SUPER wrong? Why would they use the analogy? Chapter 8 - Cnidaria Prior coming to completing the lab sheet– read the introductory paragraphs for the chapter (123-125) and the introductions for each of the exercises (text before the procedures). Complete the lab book questions below as well as any questions provided in the worksheet itself. Video: Cnidarian polyp and medusa – Shape of life https://www.shapeoflife.org/video/cnidarian-animation-polyp-and-medusa

Zoology – Kean Online Name___________________________ Lab Sheet 1 – Chapters 6 (Protists), 7 (Porifera) and 8 (Cnidaria) 1) What are the primary advantages of being in either a medusa or polyp body type? 2) What features do both types share? 3) Which stage is more prone to sexual reproduction – why does that fit its lifestyle? Preserved hydroid from class Hydrozoa specimen (Slide) – from lab book 1.2 1.3 1.4 Live hydra (specimen – individuals) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfaafxnnJlY 1) Observe the individual hydra specimens and provide them with a food source. How would you describe their feeding behavior? 2) Based on what you know about cnidarian digestion – make a flowchart for the movement of a hypothetical food particle through a cnidarian.

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Zoology – Kean Online Name___________________________ Lab Sheet 1 – Chapters 6 (Protists), 7 (Porifera) and 8 (Cnidaria) 3) Observe a different lab group using a different food source. Do the hydra display differences in feeding depending on food type? Preserved Oberilia specimen (Slide) – from lab book 2.1 What purpose do these two types of polyps serve in Oberlia ? Aurelia sp. (Observe cycle in lab book) A true jellyfish of the class Scyphozoa, Aurelia is an exceptionally well-studied marine organism. Like most cnidarians, it exhibits a reproductive cycle characterized by alternation of generations. The following five slides, not in order, detail the primary stages of reproduction. a) Ephyra b) Medusa (with tentaculocysts) c) Strobila d) Planula e) Polyp (scyphistoma) 1) Observe each stage. 2) For the polyp, identify the body stalk, mouth/anus, tentacles, epidermis, and approximate location of the gastrovascular cavity and mesoglea. 3) In the medusa, Identify the tentacles, epidermis, gonads, and approximate location of the gastrovascular cavity and mouth/anus. 4) Identify the order of the reproductive cycle, beginning with medusa. Provide the order above. 5) Which generation reproduces sexually? Which reproduces asexually? 3.2

Zoology – Kean Online Name___________________________ Lab Sheet 1 – Chapters 6 (Protists), 7 (Porifera) and 8 (Cnidaria) Phylum Ctenophora video – Comparing the two Radiate Phyla https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bW3sqB7RTIc 1) Observe the video and identify the parts labeled in figure 8.18 on the specimen in the video. 2) Based on your knowledge of these two phyla – what features are most strikingly different between the specimen in the video and the scyphozoan like cnidarians you have seen? 3) Why are the ctenophores and cnidaria so often grouped?

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