Unit 2 HW5_ Diffusion and Osmosis

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10/28/23, 9:55 PM Unit 2 HW5: Diffusion and Osmosis https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10190516 1/6 Unit 2 HW5: Diffusion and Osmosis Due: 11:59pm on Monday, October 30, 2023 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy Pre-lab Video Coaching Activity: Diffusion and Osmosis Watch the following Pre-lab Video: Diffusion and Osmosis and complete the activity below. Part A - Concepts of Diffusion and Osmosis Drag and drop the correct terms on the left to complete the sentences about diffusion and osmosis. Hint 1. What is the difference between active and passive processes? Active processes use cellular energy, usually ATP, to move substances. They occur only in living plasma membranes. Passive processes do not require cellular energy; they use the kinetic energy of the molecules to spread out and become evenly distributed. Hint 2. What is a concentration gradient? A concentration gradient is a measurement of how the concentration of something changes between two regions.
10/28/23, 9:55 PM Unit 2 HW5: Diffusion and Osmosis https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10190516 2/6 When substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, they are said to move down, or along, their concentration gradient. Conversely, when substances move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, they are said to move up, or against, their concentration gradient. ANSWER: Correct Diffusion can be “simple,” needing no help to cross the membrane, or “facilitated,” requiring the help of protein channels or carriers to cross the membrane. Part B - Rate of Diffusion Which of the following is true about the rate of diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane? Hint 1. What is a selectively permeable membrane? Reset Help higher active lower down up passive During osmosis, water moves down its concentration gradient. Diffusion is the movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis is the movement of a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane. Diffusion and osmosis are passive processes.
10/28/23, 9:55 PM Unit 2 HW5: Diffusion and Osmosis https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10190516 3/6 A selectively permeable membrane allows some substances to move through, but not others. Hint 2. What is rate of diffusion? Recall from the video that diffusion results from the random motion of molecules. The rate (or speed) of diffusion refers to how fast substances move from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. Hint 3. Does size influence the rate of diffusion? At the same temperature, larger molecules move more slowly than smaller molecules. ANSWER: Correct Several factors affect the rate of diffusion across a membrane, including molecular size and temperature, and to a lesser extent the concentration gradient, solubility, distance travelled, solvent density, and surface area of the membrane. Part C - Permeability of Dialysis Membranes Sort the following substances based upon their ability to diffuse across a typical dialysis membrane. Hint 1. Dialysis membranes vs. plasma membranes Nonliving dialysis membranes and living plasma membranes are both selectively permeable. The plasma membrane contains phospholipids and proteins that restrict movement of substances based upon size, charge, shape, or lipid solubility. Recall from the video, dialysis membranes have microscopic pores that restrict movement of substances based only upon their size. Hint 2. Are dialysis membranes permeable to ions? Ions are small, lipid-insoluble solutes. In a living plasma membrane, they cannot diffuse without the use of transmembrane channels. In a nonliving dialysis membrane, lipid-solubility is not a factor. Hint 3. Macromolecules Glycogen is a macromolecule consisting of many glucose subunits. Smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger molecules through a membrane. The size of the molecules has no effect on the rate of diffusion through the membrane. Larger molecules diffuse faster than smaller molecules through a membrane. All molecules diffuse at the same rate through the membrane.
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10/28/23, 9:55 PM Unit 2 HW5: Diffusion and Osmosis https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10190516 4/6 Proteins are macromolecules consisting of many amino acid subunits. Do you think these large macromolecules are able to diffuse through the dialysis membrane? ANSWER:
10/28/23, 9:55 PM Unit 2 HW5: Diffusion and Osmosis https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10190516 5/6 Correct Typical dialysis tubing is permeable to glucose, ions, and water, but impermeable to large molecules, like proteins and glycogen. Part D - Diffusion and Osmosis Through a Nonliving Dialysis Membrane The following image shows a dialysis sac filled with a 40% glucose solution in a beaker of distilled water. Drag and drop the labels to predict the movement of the molecules, if any, across the dialysis membrane. Water molecules are in Group 1 and glucose molecules are in Group 2. Hint 1. Are dialysis membranes permeable to glucose? Glucose would normally not be able pass through a living plasma membrane without the use of a carrier protein. In a dialysis membrane, the size of the pores allows glucose molecules to pass through. Hint 2. Which way will water move? As shown in the video, water moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration during osmosis. ANSWER: Reset Help glucose ion water glycogen protein permeable impermeable
10/28/23, 9:55 PM Unit 2 HW5: Diffusion and Osmosis https://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=10190516 6/6 Correct After the glucose and water have diffused across the dialysis membrane and reached equilibrium, the dialysis sac will be heavier compared to its initial weight because of the movement of water into the dialysis sac. Because of its smaller molecular weight, more water molecules than glucose molecules will be able to cross the sac during the course of the experiment. Score Summary: Your score on this assignment is 89.4%. You received 89.42 out of a possible total of 100 points. Help Reset Group 1 Group 2 No movement No movement
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