stimulation evolution

Bio 351 Fall 2023 Problem Set 3 You are breeding a model organism in the lab. You decide to start a new culture by taking 10 individuals from a larger populaƟon, allowing only these 10 individuals to reproduce to start a new populaƟon. Using the DriŌ tab of the Excel sheet, generate your starƟng sample of 10 individuals. Copy and paste the genotypes and phenotypes of the 10 individuals here: Sample Randomly Generated Based on Allele Freqs Locus A1 A2 Genotype Phenotype Color B B BB Red Pattern D D DD Solid Antennae E F EF Simple branched Y Wings G G GG Wings Color B B BB Red Pattern D D DD Solid Antennae F F FF Straight | Wings G G GG Wings Color A A AA Blue Pattern D D DD Solid Antennae F F FF Straight | Wings G G GG Wings Color A B AB Purple Pattern C C CC Striped Antennae E F EF Simple branched Y Wings G G GG Wings Color A B AB Purple Pattern C C CC Solid Antennae F E FE Simple branched Y Wings G G GG No wings Color B A BA Purple Pattern D D DD Solid Antennae F F FF Straight | Wings G G GG Wings Color B B BB Red Pattern D C DC Spotted Antennae E F EF Simple branched Y Wings G G GG Wings Color A B AB Purple Pattern D D DD Solid Antennae F E FE Simple branched Y Wings G G GG Wings Color B A BA Purple Pattern D C DC Spotted Antennae E E EE Feathered ¥

Bio 351 Fall 2023 Problem Set 3 Wings G G GG Wings Color B B BB Red Pattern C D CD Spotted Antennae E E EE Feathered ¥ Wings G G GG Wings Copy and paste the new genotype and allele frequencies from your sample here: Observed Sample Frequencies Color A_freq 0.35 AA_freq 0.2 B_freq 0.65 AB_freq 0.3 BB_freq 0.5 Pattern C_freq 0.4 CC_freq 0.3 D_freq 0.6 CD_freq 0.2 DD_freq 0.5 Antennae E_freq 0.7 EE_freq 0.5 F_freq 0.3 EF_freq 0.4 FF_freq 0.1 Wings G_freq 1 GG_freq 1 H_freq 0 GH_freq 0 HH_freq 0 Compare your first sample to the class sample: Your Sample Class Sample A1_start_freq A1_end_freq A1_change A1_start_freq A1_end_freq A1_change Color 0.5 0.35 -0.15 0.5 0.514 0.014 PaƩern 0.5 0.4 -0.1 0.5 0.482 -0.018 Antennae 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.493 -0.007 Change the allele frequencies in the table on the right (highlighted in yellow) to represent your new frequencies from your sample, then generate a new sample of 10 individuals. Repeat this process for 5 total generaƟons. Paste your allele and genotype frequencies for all generaƟons here:

Bio 351 Fall 2023 Problem Set 3 Observed Sample Frequencies Color A_freq 0.6 AA_freq 0.3 B_freq 0.4 AB_freq 0.6 BB_freq 0.1 Pattern C_freq 0.6 CC_freq 0.4 D_freq 0.4 CD_freq 0.4 DD_freq 0.2 Antennae E_freq 0.55 EE_freq 0.4 F_freq 0.45 EF_freq 0.3 FF_freq 0.3 Wings G_freq 1 GG_freq 1 H_freq 0 GH_freq 0 HH_freq 0 Observed Sample Frequencies Color A_freq 0.6 AA_freq 0.2 B_freq 0.4 AB_freq 0.8 BB_freq 0 Pattern C_freq 0.5 CC_freq 0.2 D_freq 0.5 CD_freq 0.6 DD_freq 0.2 Antennae E_freq 0.4 EE_freq 0.2 F_freq 0.6 EF_freq 0.4 FF_freq 0.4 Wings G_freq 1 GG_freq 1 H_freq 0 GH_freq 0 HH_freq 0 Observed Sample Frequencies Color A_freq 0.65 AA_freq 0.6 B_freq 0.35 AB_freq 0.1 BB_freq 0.3 Pattern C_freq 0.45 CC_freq 0 D_freq 0.55 CD_freq 0.9 DD_freq 0.1 Antennae E_freq 0.35 EE_freq 0.1

Bio 351 Fall 2023 Problem Set 3 F_freq 0.65 EF_freq 0.5 FF_freq 0.4 Wings G_freq 1 GG_freq 1 H_freq 0 GH_freq 0 HH_freq 0  Last name H-Q: PaƩern is under selecƟon. You change the diet given to your organisms, making all pigments more “costly” for organisms to produce, and find the following relaƟve fitness for each genotype: o Striped (CC) 0.5, SpoƩed (CD) 1, Solid (DD) 0.25 StarƟng with your final allele frequencies from your last generaƟon of driŌ, use the SelecƟon tab of the spreadsheet and input your allele frequencies. Then, change the fitness by genotype of the target locus appropriately to esƟmate the change in this allele frequency for the next generaƟon. Plug these values in, then generate your next sample, and repeat for a total of 5 generaƟons of selecƟon. Keep track of how the other loci change randomly with regards to allele frequencies. Paste your allele and genotype frequencies by generaƟon below: Selection Color AA_fitness 1 Population Fitness AB_fitness 1 Color 1 BB_fitness 1 Pattern 0.671875 Pattern CC_fitness 0.5 Antennae 1 CD_fitness 1 DD_fitness 0.25 Antennae EE_fitness 1 EF_fitness 1 FF_fitness 1 Allele Frequency Change Start Change NextGen Color A1 0.65 7.216E-17 0.65 A2 0.35 -7.22E-17 0.35 Pattern A1 0.45 0.0690698 0.519069767 A2 0.55 -0.06907 0.480930233 Antennae A1 0.36 0 0.36 A2 0.64 0 0.64 Selection Color AA_fitness 1 Population Fitness AB_fitness 1 Color 1

Bio 351 Fall 2023 Problem Set 3 DD_fitness 0.25 Antennae EE_fitness 1 EF_fitness 1 FF_fitness 1 Allele Frequency Change Start Change NextGen Color A1 0.9 0 0.9 A2 0.1 0 0.1 Pattern A1 0.57 0.0131515 0.583151493 A2 0.43 -0.013151 0.416848507 Antennae A1 0.45 0 0.45 A2 0.55 0 0.55 Selection Color AA_fitness 1 Population Fitness AB_fitness 1 Color 1 BB_fitness 1 Pattern 0.6995 Pattern CC_fitness 0.5 Antennae 1 CD_fitness 1 DD_fitness 0.25 Antennae EE_fitness 1 EF_fitness 1 FF_fitness 1 Allele Frequency Change Start Change NextGen Color A1 1 0 1 A2 0 0 0 Pattern A1 0.58 0.0087062 0.588706219 A2 0.42 -0.008706 0.411293781 Antennae A1 0.4 0 0.4 A2 0.6 0 0.6 Make a figure showing how allele frequency changed for all 3 loci over the course of 5 generaƟons: DriŌ

Bio 351 Fall 2023 Problem Set 3 Make a figure showing how allele frequency changed for all 3 loci over the course of 5 generaƟons: 0 0.5 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 A1 Frequency Generation Color A1 A2 0 0.5 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Genotype Frequency Generation Color A1A1 A1A2 A2A2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 A1 Frequency Generation Pattern C D 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Genotype Frequency Generation Pattern CC CD DD 0 0.5 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 A1 Frequency Generation Antennae E F 0 0.5 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Genotype Frequency Generation Antennae EE EF FF