practice exam 4 w_key

Microbiology Practice Exam 4 Match the list of words on the left with their function on the right. 1. Capsule a. Type of rash indicating an endotoxin responsible for depletion of clotting factors 2. Pertactin b. Raises effects of tissue swelling and block immune attacks 3. Petechial c. Immune avoidance responsible for protecting bacteria from phagocytosis 4. “A” subunit d. Binds host to cell integrin 5. Microbes use varying secretion systems to inject the host cells with proteins. T4SS are common to which genus of bacteria? a. Escherichia b. Bacillus c. Staphylococcus d. None of the above e. A & C 6. Organize molecular Koch’s postulates in the proper order: I. The virulence gene(s) should be isolated by molecular methods II. Reversion or replacement of the mutated gene should restore pathogenicity III. The phenotype under study should be associated with pathogenic strains of a species IV. Specific inactivation of the suspected virulence gene(s) should lead to a measurable loss in virulence or pathogenicity a. IV, II, III, I b. III, II, I, IV c. III, I, IV, II d. I, II, III, IV 7. Which of the following examples is NOT a function following the 3 mechanisms of drug resistance? a. Beta-lactamase enzyme secures peptidoglycan formation b. Fluoroquinolones are ejected by efflux pumps c. Enzymes modify and inactivate aminoglycosides to prevent binding d. Gram negative organisms dislodge streptomycin macrolides on pentaglycine bridges 8. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE in impacting the state of modern antibiotic resistance? a. Antibiotics are overprescribed and misused when they aren’t needed b. Programmed bacterial death, apoptosis, makes it easy for the microbe to rapidly pass on antibiotic resistance to surrounding colonies c. Farm animals are fed products that contain antibiotics

d. Bacteria are exposed to antibiotics everywhere and often pass antibiotic resistance along through horizontal gene transfer 9. You have a patient come in with the following symptoms and test results: - Extreme joint and muscle pain - Elevated white blood cell counts in joint fluid What should your next course of action be in diagnosing? a. Ask them if they have experienced fever or flu-like symptoms recently. b. Ask them if they developed a bullseye rash recently. c. Ask them if they recently spent time outdoors. d. Ask them if they have taken antibiotics recently. e. B & C 10. You have a patient come in with the following symptoms and test results: - Stomach pain and overall gastric discomfort - Vomiting - Nausea What is the bacterium species responsible for the patient’s illness and how should you treat it? a. H. pylori /triple antibiotics (omeprazole, clarithromycin, metronidazole) b. Enteroinvasive E. coli /Bacitracin c. H. pylori /Bacitracin d. Enteroinvasive E. coli / triple antibiotics (omeprazole, clarithromycin, metronidazole) e. None of the above 11. Which of the following bacteria is this based on the following characteristics? - Binds to CD4+ T cells, inhibiting T-cell activation - Showing symptoms in men more than women - Caused by Gram-negative diplococcus - Incrementally developed resistance over the years a. C. trachomatis b. N. gonorrhoeae c. T. pallidum d. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) 12. Which of the following bacteria is this based on the following characteristics? - Uses M protein to bind to fibronectin - Cause rheumatic fever and sore throat - Cause cellulitis - Cause necrotizing fasciitis a. S. dysenteriae b. S. mutans c. S. pyogenes d. B. pertussis 13. Which of the following is NOT a cardiovascular system infection?

20. What is the MIC? a. 0 ug/mL b. 0.25 ug/mL c. 2 ug/mL d. 4 ug/mL 21. What is the MBC? a. 1 ug/mL b. 2 ug/mL c. 4 ug/mL d. 8 ug/mL 22. The concentration of the antibiotic is increasing in what direction? a. Left to right b. Right to left c. The concentration does not change d. The acceptable dose is not listed here 23. The Anthrax and Cholera toxins are… a. Exotoxins b. AB toxins c. Toxins that activate secondary messenger pathways d. Like the Shiga toxin e. All the above Match the following secretion types to their methods. 24. T4SS a. Proteins to be secreted first enter periplasm then they get folded and secreted via an outer membrane pore – structures extend and retract like pili

25. T2SS b. Reengineered flagellar synthesis mechanism that uses a molecular syringe to inject proteins from bacterial cytoplasm directly into host 26. T3SS c. Allows bacterial pathogens to secrete proteins directly from their cytoplasm or from their periplasms Match the following attachment types to their respective bacteria and function. 27. Type I a. S. pyogenes , binds to fibronectin and complement regulatory factor H 28. Type IV b. N. meningitidis , “twitching mobility” – continually assemble and disassemble while growing from the inner membrane 29. M protein c. B. pertussis , binds to host cell integrin 30. Pertactin d. Uropathogenic E. coli , produces static attachment to the host cell, grows from the outer membrane KEY 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. E 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. A