Quiz 6 Question Pool Fall 2023 (1)

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Quiz 6 Question Pool Questions on Cell Culture 1) From which organism did we get cells? (1 point) Chick embryo 2) Where is the airspace in an egg located? (1 point) Blunt (broad) end of the egg 3) How did we keep bacterial contamination to a minimum in our cultures? (3 points) (a) using clean tools, and rinsing them in boiling water before and during use, (b) using antibiotics in the culture medium, and (c) growing the cells for a short period of time. 4) What is trypsin and what did it do in this experiment? (3 points) Trypsin is a proteolytic enzyme which digests extracellular material that holds cells in place. The addition of trypsin in this experiment allowed for us to isolate cells and move to a culture chamber. 5) After treatment with trypsin and pipetting up and down of the culture medium, the solution surrounding the tissue became cloudy. What was the cause of the cloudiness? That is, what was being released from the tissue? Explain how this occurred. (2 points) The cloudiness is from the single cells that were released from the tissue 6) a. What are the 2 parts of the flaskettes that we are using? (2 points) a microscope slide with a plastic vessel attached b. To which part did the cells primarily attach? (1 point) the microscope slide c. What will we do with the cells this week that makes the answer to (b) very useful? (2 points) View them using fluorescent microscopy 7) What is a “primary culture”? (2 points) Cells that are obtained directly from the organism 8) What does "in vitro" mean? (1 point) In glass 9) What does MitoTracker stain? (1 point) mitochondria 10) What does formaldehyde do to cells? You will have to look this up! (2 points) Preserves the cells by crosslinking proteins 11) Are cells still alive after treatment with formaldehyde? (1 point) No Questions on Fluorescence Microscopy : 1. Which is longer, the excitation wavelength or the emission wavelength? Why? (2 points)

The emission wavelength is longer because it has less energy 2. What does DAPI bind to? What color is it? (2 points) Binds to double-stranded DNA and is blue 3. What organelle would you expect DAPI to stain? (1 point) c hromosomes 4. Name the colors of the visible spectrum from longest wavelength to shortest. (3 points) Red, orange, yellow, green, blue , violet 5. What is the range of wavelengths in the visible spectrum? Be sure to include units! (2 points) 400 nm – 700 nm 6. Name 2 dyes that stain mitochondria. (2 points) Mito tracker and Rhodamine 123 7. How is the excitation wavelength prevented from reaching your eyes in a fluorescence microscope? (3 points) White light passes through an excitation filter (1) that passes some wavelengths, and then hits the dichroic (dichromatic or beam splitter) mirror (2). This mirror has the unusual property that it can reflect light with short wavelengths (such as blue), and allow longer wavelengths (such as green) to pass through 8. The mercury lamp emits white light, yet colored light emerges from the objective lens. Why? (2 points) the white light passes through an excitation filter that passes some wavelengths which then hit the dichroic mirror 9. What does the word “dichroic” mean? Why is it used to describe the mirror that acts as a beam splitter? (3 points) any optical device that can split a beam of light into 2 beams with different wavelengths. one beam will pass through the mirror into the objective and the other will go to the eyepiece 10. If you use a fluorescent dye that is excited by a green wavelength, would you expect it to emit in the red or the blue? Explain. (2 points) Red because of its longer wavelength than green and blue. 11. Name 2 types of cells you will be looking at this week. (2 points) Chick fibroblasts and buccal cells For the following questions, you may need to consult your textbook, the internet, and/or Canvas (under the “Fluorescent Dye Info” module) ! 12. What is a lectin? What does it bind to? (2 points) proteins that bind to specific sugar residues in glycoproteins 13. What is a glycoprotein? (2 points) proteins wit oligosaccharides or sugar residues attached

14. To which amino acids can sugars be attached? (3 points) asparagine serine threonine hydroxylsine hydroxyproline

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