chapter 7-8 answers to mock test

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1. Bones are what??? Alive 2. What are the 4 things bones do in your body? support/movement/make blood/mineral storage 3. What are the 2 divisions of the skeleton? Axial and Appendicular 4. What are the 2 things that vary in bones? Size and Shape 5. What are the 4 shapes of bones? long/short/flat/irregular 6. Label the long bone 7. What lies outside of the lacunae? ECM 8. What are inside lacunae? osteocytes 9. What are the passageways that exchange nutrients and waste in lacunaes? canaliculi 10. What 4 things are apart of the ECM? collagen/fiber/minerals/inorganic salts 11.What makes up 70% of the inorganic salts in out body? Hydroxyapatite AKA calcium phosphate 12.What is a result of losing bone minerals? osteoparosis 13.What do compact bones have? Osteons 14.What is the basic unit of bone?
Compact bone 15.What look like little tree trunks? osteons 16.What bone type is strong? Compact bone 17.What do spongy bones have? Trabecular honeycombs 18.What is the formation of blood called? hematopoisis 19.Where does blood cell formation happen the most? Coxal bones 20.What are the 2 types of bone formation? Intromembraneous and ossification/endochondrial 21.What is another word for ossification bone formation? endochondrial 22.Define the type of bones in intromembraneous formation? Short and irregular bones 23.Define the type of bone in the ossification bone formation? Long bones 24.If you need more Ca2plus in your bloodstream what are more active? osteoclasts 25.If you have less Ca2plus in your bloodstream what are less active? osteoblasts 26.What are the 5 steps for the growth of condrocytes? A)start with hyaline cartilage B)condrocytes get bigger in their lacunae C)osteoblasts build bone D) osteoclasts tear bone down E)osteocytes mature into bone cells 27.What is a epiphyseal plate? Means there is more growth to come 28.What is a epiphyseal line? No more growth/not getting taller 29.What happens to your body if you have low vitamin D? bowlegged(osteomalacia)rickets 30.What happens to your body if you have low vitamin A? shorter 31.What happens to your body if you have low vitamin C? Fragile bones 32.What is it called when you have an increase of growth hormone as a child? gigantism
33.What is it called when you have an increase of growth hormone as an adult? acromegaly 34.What is it called when you have a decrease of growth hormone? dwarfism 35.What are the 2 factors in bone development? Sex hormones and physical stress 36.What is positive about sex hormones? Helps bones form 37.What is negative about sex hormones? Starts ossification of epiplates 38.What is part of physical stress when it comes to bone development? Weight bearing 39.What are the 2 types of fractures? simple/closed and compound/open 40.Which of the fractures is the most dangerous? compound/open 41.What is osteopenia? Bone loss 42.What is osteoporosis? Extreme bone loss 43.How many bones do we have in the body? 206 44.How many bones do we have in our axial? 80 45.How many bones do we have in our appendicular? 126 46.What bones are in the body parts of your axial? Skull, middle ear, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage 47.What are the bones like in your skull? Flat and connected 48.What are the bones in your head connected by? sutures 49.What 2 bone categories are located in your skull? Cranial and facial 50.Name and label the 4 bones in your cranial? 51.What is another word for the occipital? Forman magnum frontal x1 Parietal x2 Occipit al x1 Temp oral x2
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52.What is another name for the spheriod?BATMAN Sella torcica 53.Name and label the 4 bones in the facial part of the skull? 54.Name the 3 middle ear bones? A) Malleus x2 B) Incus x2 C) Stapes x2 55.What bone supports the tongue and isnt attached to anything? Hyoid bone 56. Name and label the 5 types of vertebrae in the vertebral column? 57.What are the only 2 names vertebraes? What do they do? C1=Atlas supports head and C2=Axis pivoting head 58.What is another name for the chest area? Pectoral girtle Zyg om atic x2 Mental foram en x1 Maxi llae x1 Vom er x1 Cervical vertebrae x7 Thoracic vertebrae x12 Lumb ar x5 Coccy geal x4 Sacral x5
59.Name and label the 3 different types of rib pairs? 60.Name and label the 3 bones apart of the sternum? 61.Name and label the 2 bones apart of the pectoral area? 62.What does appendicular mean? Everything that hangs off of the axial 63.Name and label the 3 bones that are apart of the arm? Vertebrosternal true ribs X7 pairs False ribs X3 pairs Floating ribs X2 pairs manubrium body Xiphoid process Clavicle x2 Scapula x2
64.Which bone is the pinky side of your arm? ulna 65.Which bone is the thumb side of your arm? radius 66.Name and label the 3 bones in your hands? rist(carpal)x8 palm(medacorpal)x5 fingers(phalanges)x14 67.What is the singular word for phalanges? phalanx 68.Name and label the 3 bones apart of the coxal bone illium(larger top) ischium(lowest) pubis(anterior) 69.What is the function of the Asitabin? Head of femur goes 70.What is the differents between the female and male pelvis? female=heart shaped male=higher/heavier 71.Name and label the 4 bones apart of your legs? thigh(femer)longest bone in body tibia(larger of 2 leg bones)weight bearing
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fibula(not weight bearing) 72.Name and label the 1 bone in your knee? patella(knee cap) 73.Name and label the 3 bone groups in your feet? ankle(tarsal x7) metatarsal(x5) phalanges(x14) 74.What is another word for joints? articulations 75.What is another name for your heal? calcaneus 76.What are the 2 types of joints? Structural/functional 77.Which type of joint is anatomical? structural 78.Which type of joint is physiological? functional 79. What are the 3 types of functional joints? Synarthrotic Amphiarthrotic Diarthrotic 80.What do synarthrotic joints do? Immovable 81.What do amphiarthrotic joints do? Slightly movable 82.What do diarthrotic joints do? Freely movable 83.What 3 types of structural joints are there? Fibrous Cartilaginous
Synovial 84.What is part of a fibrous structural joint? Where are they found? Can they move? Suture joints are found in between flat bones in skull and cant move 85.What type of joint are most joints labels as? synoval 86.What is part of a cartilaginous structural joint? Where are the found? Can they move? Symphysis joints are found inbetewwn vertabreal discs and have limited movement 87.Which joint has the widest range of motion? Ball socket joints 88.Which joints are in your hands and fingers? Condylar joints 89.Which joints are in your wrists and ankles? Plane joints/gliding joints 90.Which joints are in your elbows? Hinge joint 91.Which joint is between the only names vertebres? Pivot joint 92.Which joint is between the carpal and mediacarple? Saddle joint 93.Name the 4 types of joint movements? Abduction Adduction Plantar flexion Dorsiflexion 94.What is the movement that is used to open your legs? abduction 95.What is the movement that is used to close your legs? adduction 96.What is the movement that is used to put your foot down? Plantar flexion 97.What is the movement that is used to pull your foot up? dorsiflexion 98.What are the 2 major ligaments in the hip joint? Lliofemoral ligament Knee joint 99.What is the strongest ligament in the body? Lliofemoral ligament 100. What is the largest and most complex joint in the body? Knee joint
101. What are 3 types of joint disorders? Sprains Bursitis Arthritis 102. What are the 3 types of Arthritis? Define each? Rheumatoid arthritis(auto immune disease) osteoarthritis(age or weight lifting) Lyme arthritis(tick bite)
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