Biomechanics Exam 1

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2/17/2020 StudyBlue printing of Biomechanics Exam 1 https://www.studyblue.com/printFlashcardDeck?deckId=13821608&note=true 1/5 Biomechanics Exam 1 Gerrick King Wed Feb 18 20:40:58 PST 2015 What is the local shape change under the effect of applied forces? Deformation What type of loading is caused by forces acting tangent to the area resisting the forces? Shear loading What is the intensity of an internal distributed force? Stress What is a permanent deformation of an object? Plasticity True or False: Viscoelastic materials are not time dependent? False True or False: A viscoelastic material that is more liquid, will always have a residue of deformation left in the material. True True or False: A viscoelastic solid will respond with an initial high stress that will increase over time and the stress level will reduce to zero. False, will never reduce to zero A fracture from repeated loading is called ______? Fatigue True or False: The magnitude of stresses is highest at the periphery at the cylinder undergoing torsion and lowest near the neural axis? True A significantly displaced fracture will require what type of intervention to repair it? Open reduction with internal fixation True or False: A FOOSH injury can cause a tensile fracture? False True or False: In torsion, the bone will fail first at shear with formation of the initial crack perpendicular to the neutral axis of the bone? False The loading that occurs during the late states of walking because of external rotation of the tibia? Torsional loading True or False: The bone is stiffer and sustains a higher load when loads are applied at higher rates? True When a skier falls forward the tibia is moving forward. What muscle group is contracting to neutralize the forces of the tibia moving forward to prevent fracture? Calves Failure on the tensile side of a bone results in what type of fracture? Complete and transverse fractures

2/17/2020 StudyBlue printing of Biomechanics Exam 1 https://www.studyblue.com/printFlashcardDeck?deckId=13821608&note=true 2/5 True or False: Tibial fractures more proximally because of the location of the neutral axis. False What defect is less than the diameter of the bone? Stress raiser A bone biopsy is an example of _______ section defect? open defect What type of joint has a synovial cavity and is freely moveable? Shoulder True or False: Articular cartilage has blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. False True or False: Most important property of collagen in articular cartilage is its compressive strength but it cannot resist tensile loads. False; switch tensile and compressive True or False: When a viscoelastic solid is subjected to constant load the solid responds with rapid initial deformation followed by a slow progressively increasing deformation until an equilibrium state is reached. This is called creep? True True or False: When a viscoelastic solid is subjected to a constant deformation the solid responds with a high initial stress and then a slow progressively decreasing stress to maintain the deformation. This is called stress relaxation? True True or False: Fluid film lubrication creates separation between two bones in a joint? True What type of wear has the bearing surfaces come into direct contact without lubricant film? Interfacial What treatment involves a disruption of subchondral bone in an attempt to induce bleeding (fibrin clot formation) and to initiate primitive stem cell migration from the bone marrow into the cartilage defect site? Microfracture surgery The advanced FDA-approved technology allows cartilage cells, known as chondrocytes, to be harvested from your knee and cultured and multiplied. The fresh chondrocytes are then re-implanted in your knee and cause hyaline-like cartilage to repair the defect in articulating surfaces. ACI The only surgical technique that can restore the height and shape of articulating surface in focal osteochondral defects, with composite autologous material that contains all the necessary ingredients: hyaline articular cartilage, intact tidemark and a firm bone carrier. OATS True or False: Ligaments have fibers that are parallel and orderly allowing for it to handle uniaxial loads. False True or False: The main problem with healing in a torn supraspinatus tendon is lack of blood supply. True Clinical application to treat a frozen shoulder basis its principles on what? creep A knee joint with an intact ACL will have what property? Fluid film lubrication

2/17/2020 StudyBlue printing of Biomechanics Exam 1 https://www.studyblue.com/printFlashcardDeck?deckId=13821608&note=true 3/5 What is the predominant restraint to anterior tibial displacement? ACL True or False: The PCL is taut in full knee extension, and tends to internally rotate tibia. False What type of exercise is preferred for someone with an ACL reconstruction? mini squat Which shoulder ligaments resist inferior glenohumeral translation? coracohumeral ligament and middle glenohumeral ligament The MCL in the elbow prevents what type of stresses? valgus stresses True or false: nerves are hypovascular False Leaning on crutches for too long can damage what nerve? Radial What nerves fibers undergo a greater form of deformation? Thicker diameter nerve fibers; large carry motor responses, thinner carry pain signals What is characterized by axonal enlargement into an amorphous mass, breakdown of the axons, and Schwann cell ingestion of fragmented myelin to provide clean endoneural tubes for advancement of regenerating axons? Wallerian degeneration What type of nerve injury has a complete disruption of axons, endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium? Neurotmesis What type of shoulder positioning is seen with ERB's Palsy? internal rotation and adduction What nerve is most commonly compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome? median True or False: moment vectors are the rotational and twisting action of applied forces, an example is when someone opens a door that is on a hinge. False True or False: Plasticity is the ability of a material to resume its original size, shape on removal of applied loads. False, elasticity True or False: the strain at which the fatigue levels off preventing possible fracture is the endurance limit. False; stress True or False: The shorter the bone the greater the magnitude of the bending moment? False True or False: Articular cartilage is the most dense of any tissue? False True or False: Bankart and SLAP lesions deal with tears of the labrum in the hip? Flase True or False: Tendons are mostly parallel but have fibers in other directions so it can handle multi directional loads?

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2/17/2020 StudyBlue printing of Biomechanics Exam 1 https://www.studyblue.com/printFlashcardDeck?deckId=13821608&note=true 4/5 False; ligaments True or False: Ligaments receive their blood supply from vessels in the perimysium, the periosteal insertion and surrounding tissue. False; tendons Tendons and ligaments are surrounded by loose connective tissue, this tissue in tendons protects the tendon and enhances gliding and is called? Paratenon Within the load-elongation curve, what is the name of the region in which the tissue elongates and changes shape easily without much resistance the collagen fibers become straight? toe region True or False: pregnancy and postpartum period there is an increased secretion of relaxin, which decreases the elasticity of the ligaments causing postural stability False What medical condition has increased incidence of tendon contractures, tenosynovitis, joint stiffness and capsulitis? Diabetes With deQuevain's Syndrome, there is pain along the? Distal radial styloid process True or False: 30 mmHg of local compression up to 4-6 hours can cause functional changes with the nerve secondary to increased blood ﬂow False True or False: nerve compression at 30 mmHg for 2-4 hours is irreversible? False True or False: there is a difference between the tensile ultimate load at the foraminal segment of the nerve versus the intrathecal portion, 5 times as great as the intrathecal portion? False What is the least severe injury and is characterized by a conduction block? Neuropraxia With carpal tunnel syndrome the nerve is probably being compressed with wrist ____ and probably being put in too much tension with wrist ______? ﬂexion and extension What are the most common nerve roots involved with Erb's Palsy? C5C6 What muscle needs to be weak to cause a possible fracture to the femoral neck? Gluteus medius The nerve that is most affected by a drop foot not sciatica nerve in origin? Deep peroneal nerve True or False: Compression of the superficial fibular/peroneal nerve will cause foot drop? False The sciatic nerve passes between what two muscles in the hip? piriformis and superior gemellus True or False: Cubital tunnel syndrome compromises the median nerve? False

2/17/2020 StudyBlue printing of Biomechanics Exam 1 https://www.studyblue.com/printFlashcardDeck?deckId=13821608&note=true 5/5 True or False: Tendons and ligaments are comprised of Type II collagen? False An Achilles rupture usually involves _______ loading on a ________ - ankle with the _________? eccentric, dorsiﬂexed, extended True or False: In regards to the behavior of articular cartilage in pure shear, interstitial ﬂow will occur during shearing because there are volume changes which usually occurs with tensile or compressive loads? False What type of vector is mechanical disturbance such as the white pool ball creating a force vector when it hits the black 8 ball or when a pitched ball hits a catcher's mitt? Force What type of vector is rotational and has a twisting action of applied forces, an example is when someone opens a door that is on a hinge? Torque What type of vector has a bending action that occurs with applied forces, an example is someone jumping on a diving board? Moment

Biomechanics Exam 1

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