Bio week 3 ws 3

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School

Iowa State University *

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MISC

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Biology

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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Uploaded by ProfElementTurkey35

Week 3 Worksheet Fill out worksheet on your computer and upload to CANVAS before the due date **Lab instructors will award points based on a good-faith effort to fill out worksheet. They will NOT be grading for correctness. It is ultimately your responsibility to make sure your answers are correct so that this will be a useful study guide for your weekly test. Therefore, make sure you ask your instructor, undergrad TAs, and your peers for help when you need it. ** Skin Model What is the arrector pili muscle attached to? What shape are dermal papillae? attached to the hair follicle. Reticular shape Tactile corpuscles are located where? What do they detect? The upper dermis light touch and low frequency vibrations What do the lamellated corpuscles look like? Where are they located? oval-shaped and approximately 1 mm in length located in the skin Where does the sebaceous gland secrete sebum? Through the sebaceous duct into the follicle and onto the surface of the skin. Epidermal Layers Identify Characteristics of Epidermal Layers, answer 3 questions for each: How many cell layers thick (approximately)? What layer is below? What layer is above? Stratum Basale - three layers, the dermis is below, stratum squamous is above Stratum Corneum - 15 or so layers, stratum lucidum is below, the stratum disjunctum is above Stratum Granulosum – 3 -5 cell layers, below is the stratum corneum, above is the stratum lucidum Stratum Lucidum - 2-3 cell layers, stratum corneum is below, the stratum granulosum is above Stratum Spinosum - 8-10 cell layers, stratum granulosum is below, the stratum Basale is above Skin Layers —Name the borders (above and below) for each skin layer Dermis Hypodermis Epidermis Middle layer Deep to Dermis superficial layer

Group B B1-3. These are all types of connective tissue. What differentiates CT from the other types of tissue? It is different because its cells are loose, rather than tightly packed within the ECM. B1-3 are the four types of connective tissue we will be studying that aren’t cartilage, bone, or blood. For each tissue, fill in the label of the slide you found it on and answer the questions associated with it. Areolar CT on slide: _ B1 ___ Estimate the amount of space taken up by: cells___ 20 _% Protein fibers __ 80 __ % Ground substance __ 10 __% Adipose CT on slide: __ B3 ___ Estimate the amount of space taken up by: cells__ 40 __% Protein fibers ___ 40 _ % Ground substance __ 10 __% On the slide, the cells are mostly composed of a large empty space. What would be here in life? Lipids would be here Dense Regular CT on slide: ___ B2 __ Estimate the amount of space taken up by: cells__ 10 __% Protein fibers __ 60 __ % Ground substance __ 10 __% Based on the differences you see in areolar and dense regular CT , contrast the two in terms of strength, cushioning, and whether they are likely to contain accessory structures (e.g., blood vessels). Loose connective tissue is more abundant and has collagen in the connective tissue. It occurs in parallel bundles and contains a ground substance, it also contains protein fibers loosely. Dense connective tissue consists of tightly packed protein fibers. Group C Slides C1-3 have good examples of cartilage on them. What type of tissue is cartilage a subtype of? Does this make sense based on what you are seeing? Cartilage is a type of connective tissue. Yes, this makes sense because you are able to see it connecting through different types of joints, bones, etc. Find the cartilage tissue on slides C1-3. What similarities do they share? (Describe what you would look for on a test slide to narrow it down to “cartilage”.) Hyaline cartilage is light pink and present in the joints. Elastic cartilage is more purple shades and can both strength and elasticity to certain parts of the body. Now ID the specific type of cartilage on each slide. Describe the differences that allow you to discriminate it from the other types of cartilage. Hyaline cartilage on slide __ C3 ____ is glassy and a bluish white

Elastic cartilage on slide ___ C1 yellowish cartilage with elastic fibers that dominate the protein matrix Fibrocartilage on slide ____ C2 ___ dense, with slightly flexible cartilage that have bundles of collagen fibers Group D Group D (1-2) includes two of the more unusual types of CT, blood and bone. Compact bone is on slide __D1_____ Find one osteon and study it. Estimate the number of layers in your osteon: _ 7 _____. Do the other osteons have a similar numbers of layers? Yes! What would be found in the central canal of the osteon in life? What would be found in the lacunae ? Each osteon consists of lamellae, which are layers of compact matrix that surround a central canal called the Haversian canal. The Haversian canal (osteon canal) contains the bone's blood vessels and nerve fibers. Blood is on slide ___ D2 _____ What is the most abundant type of cell in blood? Describe its appearance on the slide. Red blood cells are more abundant cells and are bright red in color. What are the other types of cells found in blood? What do they look like? White blood cells are colorless but can appear as a very light purple to pink color when examined. Tiny cells have a round shape with distinct membrane. Slide E1 Which type of tissue is this? What are the two types of cells that can be seen? Nervous tissue and the two cells are neurons and gilia cells. How can you distinguish this tissue type from the others? What would you look for? They look like nerve bundles so that is something you can look for.

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Group F Slide F1 has all three muscle tissue types in a row. Identify the types of muscle tissue you see and fill in the table for characteristics you can look for to distinguish each type. Muscle tissue type on F1 Describe shape of cells Describe Nuclei (Location, number appearance) Striations present? Other useful traits? On left: Skeletal tissue Strangulates Nucleated Yes Blended striated In center: Cardiac tissue Striated, long, it has more white gaps than smooth muscle. Nucleated No No discs and white gaps On right: Smooth Muscle tissue Looks blended together, has a lot of dots Unnucleated no Looks blended Which muscle tissue type is on F2 ? How can you tell? The F2 tissue type is smooth tissue. No discs, a lot of nucleases. Both muscle tissue and epithelial tissue are cellular . Compare group A slides to group F. How can you distinguish muscle tissue from epithelial? You can distinguish the muscle tissue from epithelial by the cavity and the surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body.

3. Slides G1-3 are slides of skin . They all have three layers – the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. Fill in the types of tissue you see for each layer and its function in terms of the skin. Tissue type Function Epidermis Superficial layer stratified squamous epithelium the epidermis acts like armor to protect your body from harm, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites) and chemicals Dermis Dense irregular CT (don’t need to know for the weekly test) dermis is to support and protect the skin and deeper layers, assist in thermoregulation, and aid in sensation Subcutaneous Layer Deep to the dermis, areolar and adipose CT insulating your body, protecting your body from harm, storing energy and connecting your skin to your muscles and bones These slides are of thin skin (e.g., on the face), thick skin (e.g., the palm), and the scalp . Describe each slide and guess what type of skin it is using the table below. Slide Epidermis (relative thickness, presence and appearance of strata, etc.) Dermis (appearance, relative thickness, accessory structures, etc.) Type of skin G1 Dark pink very thick, lots of layers The thickest Thick skin G2 Has a medium size layer of thickness, loosely packed Dark pink outer of the cell Thin skin G3 It has strata Second thickest Skin of scalp, thin

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