2021 Final Exam 2

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University of Missouri, Kansas City *

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5517

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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pdf

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31

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Final Exam ! This is a preview of the draft version of the quiz Started: Dec 6 at 9:56am Quiz Instructions
Dear students, Hello and welcome to your final exam for Bench to Bedside, Fall 2022. Please note the following important details: - You have 2 hours (120 minutes) to complete the exam unless you have an authorized accommodation. Please make sure to complete the exam in one sitting. - The exam will become available at 7:50am on Friday 16th December and is due by 11am on the same day. Please note: this does NOT mean you have 3 hours to complete it; you MUST complete the exam within 2 hours. The delayed due time is simply to allow those who have technical difficulties to complete the exam on time. - The Exam consists of 75 questions (60 multiple-choice, 15 true-false); each question will be worth 2 points , making the exam worth 150 points total. - These 75 questions will be broken up as follows: - 50 questions (40 MCQ, 10 T/F) will be on the last five weeks of material in our course (Weeks 11-15) - 25 questions (20 MCQ, 5 T/F) will be on the course as a whole (Weeks 1-15) - Your grade will be returned to you in Canvas once everyone has completed the exam. - This exam will be using Smarter Proctoring. If you have not yet done so, please take the " Smarter Proctoring TEST Quiz " in the Smarter Proctoring tab to confirm your extension is working properly. If you have problems accessing the exam, or issues during the exam, please first check with the SmarterProctoring support team using the Chat function; if you try that and it still doesn't work, please: a) email Dan or Dr. White as soon as possible, or b) Join the active Zoom session to share with us what the problem is. PLEASE NOTE: you do NOT have to join the Zoom session unless you are having technical difficulties. If you have any further questions about this exam, please do contact Dan or Dr. White as soon as possible. All the best of luck with your exam! Dan and Dr. White
Multiple Choice Questions 2 pts Question 1 FDA usually requires two Phase 1 trials Phase 2 tests safety and efficacy Phase 3 tests safety, efficacy and side effects Phase 1 tests safety and tolerability Each of the following is true about clinical trial phases EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 2 Outcomes Patients Interventions CROs PICO is a good way to remember clinical trial components, which include each of the following EXCEPT :
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2 pts Question 3 Case reports Case control trials Randomized clinical trials Meta-analysis Which of the following is the most accurate level of evidence? 2 pts Question 4 Understandable language Ability for patients to ask questions Signature of a notary public Completed before any procedures The process of informed consent includes each of the following EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 5 High compliance, lower withdrawals Larger patient populations More patients follow doctor's orders Each of the following is a benefit of running a clinical trial outside the US EXCEPT :
Less regulatory oversight 2 pts Question 6 Study coordinators CRO Medicinal chemist Principal investigator The participants or players in a clinical trial might include the following EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 7 Ensure GCP is followed at all locations Fund the study Work to ensure successful recruitment of patients Deliver the study on time and on budget The roles of the CRO in a clinical trial include the following EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 8 In a double blinded clinical trial, the following participants are blinded to who gets the drug and who gets the placebo EXCEPT :
Evaluator of the disease Data Safety Monitoring Board Patients Physician 2 pts Question 9 Vision Motivation Wealth Creativity Each of the following is an important characteristic of an entrepreneur EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 10 Goal setting Publishing Networking Perseverance Each of the following are important skills to develop as an entrepreneur EXCEPT :
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2 pts Question 11 Perceiving a need and trying to fix it Addressing complex research problems Translating ideas into action Directing the research to be useful Each of the following are roles for entrepreneurs and not academic scientists EXCEPT: 2 pts Question 12 Detail the manufacturing process and GMP Describe advantages over competition Show market relevance Focus on impact, not science As an entrepreneur, when presenting your work to investors, you should focus on the following EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 13 Stay in your lane - don't extend past your current expertise Some projects will have to be terminated Advice for entrepreneurs will include the following EXCEPT :
There will be successes and failures Listen to all advice 2 pts Question 14 Take time to celebrate your successes or recover from your losses Invest your time and money in your dreams Set goals regularly and revisit those goals as needed Be confident in yourself and your product Additional advice for entrepreneurs will include the following EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 15 MRI Global Eir Sable Technology Zorilla Dr. Wyckoff was involved in each of the following EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 16
Enthusiasm should outweigh realism Know when to stop digging a hole Make sure you have the right tools Make sure you have collected the right data Dr. Wyckoff gave additional advice to entrepreneurs EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 17 Westward migration Cattle drive routes Railway freight Lewis and Clark expedition Dr. Wyckoff emphasized the role of Kansas City as a transportation hub including the following EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 18 The contribution of genes that research links to heart problems is less than the contributions from either obesity or smoking. Physicians may not be aware or use the optimal treatment to minimize bleeding. Dr. Spertus discussed each of the following conclusions from his work EXCEPT :
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Informed consent forms simplified for the patients are more effective than traditional forms. Working with faith-based communities can improve patient participation in COVID vaccinations. 2 pts Question 19 Type 1 responses are automatic and intuitive. Type 2 responses are logical and precise. Type 1 responses and difficult and intensive, but almost always right. Our brain uses Type 2 only when forced. Each of the following is true about human decision-making EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 20 Patient and Physician participate in the decision Physicians explain the possible choices All decisions are based on the most current treatment Patients express their preferences Shared decision-making includes the following EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 21 e I
Tailor treatment to risk Encourage physician preferences over consistency Improve the consent process Tailor treatment to patient preference Dr. Spertus has worked in outcomes research to achieve each of the following goals EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 22 Dissatisfaction Discomfort Dollars Documentation The 6 D’s of outcomes research include each of the following EXCEPT: 2 pts Question 23 Lower cost Increased access to healthcare Improved patient outcomes Increased burden of illness The purpose of outcomes research includes the following EXCEPT:
2 pts Question 24 Issues with capturing the data in context Sampling issues Coding issues Sample sizes Using electronic health records for outcomes research includes the following problems EXCEPT: 2 pts Question 25 When you ask the question How you ask the question Why you ask the question The patient's current situation and environment Each of the following is a consideration in dealing with patient centered outcomes EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 26 To be patentable an invention has to be each of the following EXCEPT : I I
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Novel Non-obvious Commercial Useful 2 pts Question 27 Patents are given to the first to file the patent. Patents issued in the US are valid globally. Patents usually last for 20 years from filing date. Patents give the inventor the right to exclude others from the invention. Each of the following is true about patents EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 28 Cosmetics Medical devices and radiology Drugs and vaccines Controlled substances The FDA regulates each of the following EXCEPT:
2 pts Question 29 The FDA regulates all information included on the package label. An IND is only needed before a Phase 3 clinical trial begins. The FDA will monitor for safety, effectiveness and how the drug is manufactured. An NDA is approved before the drug can be made available to the public. Each of the following is true about the FDA and clinical trials EXCEPT: 2 pts Question 30 The price of medical products How doctors practice medicine Who provides, and where medical services are provided Tobacco products Which of the following does the FDA regulate? 2 pts Question 31 Invention promotion firms Disclosing the invention to the public before the patent is filed Patent trolls Inventors should avoid each of the following EXCEPT :
Disclosing the invention to your employer if you developed it as part of your employment 2 pts Question 32 Financial cost Extended times Lack of flexibility of the project Threat of others becoming aware of the invention The disadvantages of following GXP protocols include the following EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 33 Maintain patient record confidentiality Use shorthand for a protocol that is always followed Document everything Train all personnel in the process Each of the following is a required practice in GCP EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 34 The ethical duties of clinical research include the following EXCEPT : i e
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Act to benefit others Respect autonomy Promote justice Be consistent 2 pts Question 35 AAALAC IRB IACUC IBC Each of the following is an important aspect of US regulatory control over drug development EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 36 Infectious diseases Animal health Outcomes research Neuroscience The main foci of the Kansas City Research community, as detailed by Bionexus are each of the following EXCEPT : or
2 pts Question 37 Most FDA approved drugs are “organic” as defined by chemistry Most FDA approved drugs are not “organic” as defined for foods. Because of GMP, it would be almost impossible to produce an organic FDA-approved drug as defined for foods. Organic drugs, as defined for food, would be better tolerated by the body than other drugs. Each of the following is true EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 38 Drugs made from natural products can be more complex than drugs made in a laboratory. Drugs made from natural products are usually simpler than drugs made in a laboratory. Drugs made from natural products are more effective than drugs made in a lab. Drugs made from natural projects are less expensive than drugs made in a lab. Which of the following is true concerning natural products? 2 pts Question 39 The Innate Immune System starts attacking the pathogen or infected cells Each of the following occurs when the immune system encounters a pathogen EXCEPT : Do
The Adaptive Immune System starts generating antibodies against the pathogen The Adaptive Immune System generates memory cells to combat the pathogen in the future The Innate Immune System generates memory cells to combat the pathogen in the future 2 pts Question 40 Variolation vaccine Live attenuated vaccine Protein vaccine Conjugate vaccine Each of the following is a type of vaccine used in humans today EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 41 Polio Varicella (chickenpox/shingles) Hepatitis A Tuberculosis In the US, each of the following is routinely vaccinated against in childhood EXCEPT :
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2 pts Question 42 It can be reached by vaccination, or infection and recovery, or a combination of the two Current US vaccination levels are sufficient for herd immunity against all vaccinable diseases. It can protect those who are unable to be vaccinated for medical reasons The threshold for herd immunity varies depending on the infectivity of the disease. Each of the following is true regarding Herd Immunity EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 43 It's better to vaccinate later due to the vaccine fading. Vaccines cause autism. Vaccines can cause problems with pregnancy. Vaccines can cause severe side effects. Each of the following is an INCORRECT myth about vaccines EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 44 Animal vaccines are much cheaper per unit cost. Animal vaccines can be approved much more quickly. Each of the following is a difference between animal and human vaccines EXCEPT :
Animal vaccines have a much wider range of delivery methods. Historically, animal vaccines are a much more recent development than human ones. 2 pts Question 45 They do not contain genetic material, making them safer. It is relatively simple to replace the Gene of Interest (GOI) in the vector. One vector can vaccinate against multiple diseases. They are a “platform-based product”, allowing more rapid regulatory approval. Each of the following is an advantage of vector-based animal vaccines EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 46 Health Disparities Clinical Outcomes Research Population Health Public Health Each of the following terms describes aspects of T4 Research EXCEPT: 2 pts Question 47
Vaccination against childhood diseases Fluoridation of drinking water Reduction of childhood obesity Improvements in maternal and infant health Each of the following was a major public health achievement from 1900-1999 EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 48 Infant mortality rates are higher for black women than for white women. Health outcomes for all races have greatly improved since 1900. Folic acid fortification of foods in the 2000s has worsened infant health outcomes. Maternal mortality rates are higher for black women than for white women. Each of the following is true about maternal and infant health EXCEPT: 2 pts Question 49 Gini = 0 Gini = 1 Gini = -1 Which of the following values of the Gini Coefficient indicates complete INEQUALITY (i.e. one individual having all wealth)?
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Gini = 100 2 pts Question 50 Wealth inequality applies to all races equally. Reducing wealth inequality would result in major reductions in health care costs. As wealth inequality increases, health disparities also increase. Wealth inequality has increased in the US since the 1960s. Each of the following is true about wealth inequality EXCEPT: 2 pts Question 51 Churches provide multiple different outlets to “contact” communities. Many churches have a large and diverse membership. Working with churches does not require funding, since all workers are volunteers. Working with churches is both scalable and sustainable. According to Dr. Berkley-Patton, each of the following is an advantage of working with churches in community-based health outreach EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 52
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Homeless shelters Youth Organizations Businesses Churches Dr. Berkley-Patton’s COVID-19 vaccination and research program works with each of the following community groups EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 53 Provide payment to individuals who use the service Provide the services in community, rather than medical, settings Adapt messaging materials to the settings in which they will be used (e.g. churches) Ensure researchers maintain full control of the service and associated research Each of the following is a way to increase the effectiveness of community-based health services EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 54 They are slow to breed They are expensive to house and feed Each of the following is a disadvantage of using non-human primate models EXCEPT : x x x
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They are not as similar to humans as other animal models They are highly genetically diverse 2 pts Question 55 Reduce Replace Refine Rehouse The “three Rs” of animal research includes each of the following EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 56 Development of drugs targeting more specific genotypes/populations Increased use of large data sets (health informatics) Reduced requirement for genetic education programs Increased emphasis on diagnostic and preventative medicine Each of the following is a likely outcome of personalized medicine EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 57
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Increased retesting of previously ‘failed’ drugs Increased ‘stratification’ of subjects based on specific health outcomes More trials with smaller patient populations Increased development of highly profitable, ‘blockbuster’ drugs Each of the following is a way that clinical trials will change as personalized medicine increases EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 58 Most sequencing technologies use ‘shotgun’ sequencing approaches. The sequencing of the human genome has yet to produce significant economic benefits. Sequencing a human genome typically costs less than $1000. Genomic data is being generated faster than it can be analyzed. Each of the following is true about genomic sequencing today EXCEPT : 2 pts Question 59 Normal distribution Power analysis Kaplan-Meier survival curve WHICH of the following tests would you use to assess the correlation (relationship) between TWO variables?
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Linear regression 2 pts Question 60 They can find relationships ACROSS studies that individual studies miss They have high statistical power They can combine data from multiple different studies They are immune to bias Each of the following is an advantage of meta-analyses EXCEPT : True-False Questions 2 pts Question 61 True False A common reason for early termination of a clinical study is problems with patient enrollment.
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2 pts Question 62 True False Since 2010, the number of new drugs, and the number of companies developing new drugs has gone down considerably. 2 pts Question 63 True False Dr. Wyckoff supported the idea of thinking about the hammer, not the nail. 2 pts Question 64 True False Healthcare is moving from a volume-driven, high-cost, low-quality care to value- driven, low-cost, high-quality care. 2 pts Question 65
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True False Clara Barton, the founded of the Red Cross, may have been the forerunner of outcomes research. 2 pts Question 66 True False CROs are an important bridge across the Valley of Death between academic research and big pharma clinical trials. 2 pts Question 67 True False Polio is the only human disease that has ever been completely eliminated. 2 pts Question 68 True The FDA regulates approval of animal vaccines.
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False 2 pts Question 69 True False Different health disparities can intersect and affect each other. 2 pts Question 70 True False Dr. Berkley-Patton’s “Our Healthy KC Eastside” program both provided vaccinations AND conducted health outcomes research. 2 pts Question 71 True False Research is the leading human cause of animal death in the US.
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2 pts Question 72 True False The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family of enzymes are responsible for metabolizing many commonly-used drugs. 2 pts Question 73 True False Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWASs) typically analyze only a small number of genomes, but do so in great detail. 2 pts Question 74 True False In statistics, sensitivity measures how good a test is at detecting true positives. 2 pts Question 75
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Quiz saved at 9:56am True False In the US, many more animals are vaccinated every year than humans. Submit Quiz x
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