Lab 5 BIOL 1120 Homework Animal Kingdom (student) 24S

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Nashville State Community College *

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1120

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Biology

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Feb 20, 2024

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BIOL 1120 Animal Kingdom Homework Purpose  To lead you through the important information in the animal kingdom diversity chapters and provide a guide of characteristics for the animal kingdom’s phyla that can be used in both lecture and lab portions of the course. Skills  Reading comprehension Knowledge  List characteristics for the phyla  Recognize representative members of each phylum  Use characteristics to assign an unknown to the correct phylum  Name the taxonomic classification for each member Task  The following activities will give you practice with vocabulary associated with animal development as well as working with the animal phyla and their characteristics.  Study the PowerPoint, labs, and textbook for Chapters 32, 33, and 34. These resources will be where your answers should come from. Answers from the internet or not related to our coursework will be considered incorrect.  You should complete the activities in order as each one builds upon the previous work.  Identify the unknowns based on their description and presence or absence of characteristics Criteria for Success  This is Individual Work and not collaborative. Collaborations may result in a zero on the homework or an F in the course as well as a report to the Associate Vice President of Academic Affairs. It is not worth it. The homework is designed to help you learn the material and prepare you for class and exams. The most benefit will be gained by completing the work yourself. If you have questions or need clarification, please contact your instructor as they are here to help you.  The submitted document should be in Microsoft Word or a pdf. Pages format will be graded as a zero if it can’t be opened.  Upload the completed lab to the Assignment Dropbox titled Animal Kingdom by 11:59pm on xxxx.  This assignment counts as 20 points in the homework category. Activity 1: Terminology (0.25 points each) These terms relate to different stages or processes associated with animal development. From this word bank, select the best term for the definitions/descriptions shown below. Chapter 32 will be an excellent resource. Each term is used once. Page 1 of 6

Acoelomate Gastrulation Protostome Blastopore Cleavage Germ layers Ectoderm Endoderm Mesoderm Archenteron Bilateral symmetry Diploblasts Triploblasts Coelomate Deuterostome Radial symmetry Pseudocoelomate Asymmetry 1. First opening becomes the mouth; second opening becomes the anus 2. Have all three germ layers 3. Have a true coelom completely lined with mesoderm 4. Germ layer that gives rise to muscle 5. Another name for primitive gut 6. No symmetry 7. Initial opening to the archenteron 8. First opening becomes the anus; second opening become the mouth 9. Present in an embryo and interact together to form tissues and organs 10. Can dissect down the middle to create right and left halves 11. No coelom present 12. Have only two germ layers- ectoderm and endoderm 13. Germ layer that gives rise to the nervous system 14. Developmental process in animals that ends with the formation of the germ layers 15. Have a body cavity lined with mesoderm and endoderm 16. Germ layer that gives rise to digestive tract 17. Early developmental process with rapid cell division resulting in a hollow ball of cells (blastula) 18. Can dissect in multiple planes through the middle center point to create mirror images Activity 2: Identify the nine major phyla (0.25 points each) Using your textbook or lab materials, fill in the phyla name associated with the name of the representative members. Use the correct name as listed in your textbook- credit won’t be given for names used from internet searches (these aren’t always related to our unit content or are old, archaic names) or common names such as flatworms or round worms. Place the phylum name after the highlighted word. 1. Sponges: Phylum 2. Jellyfish, sea anemone, hydra: Phylum 3. Flatworms, planaria: Phylum Page 2 of 6

4. Roundworms: Phylum 5. Clams, cuttlefish, snail: Phylum 6. Earthworms, Leeches: Phylum 7. Butterfly, lobster, centipede, spider: Phylum 8. Sea star, sand dollar, sea urchin: Phylum 9. Sea squirt, perch, frog, human, bird, lamprey: Phylum Activity 3: Evolutionary trends in animals (0.25 points each) Each of the nine phyla we are studying are characterized by their unique combination of traits. Major trends include presence of tissues, types of symmetry, early developmental patterns relating to the mouth and anus, and molting. Using Chapters 32, 33, 34 in your textbook, identify which of the nine phyla ( use proper names from Activity 2 ) are associated with the following evolutionary trends. Phylum names may be used more than once or not at all. 10. Which phylum does not have any tissues and is considered the basal phylum in the animal kingdom? Answer 11. Which phylum is a eumetazoan but has radial symmetry with two germ layers? Answer 12. Which two phyla are not considered protostomes or deuterostomes? Answer 13. Which two phyla are deuterostomes? Answer 14. List the five phyla that are considered protostomes. 15. Which two phyla are ecdysozoans and molt? Answer 16. At which end would you find the cephalic end of an organism Circle: anterior or posterior 17. Which phylum is considered the first to have cephalization? Answer 18. All triploplasts also have cephalization and bilateral symmetry. Choose: True or False Activity 4: Invertebrates vs Vertebrates (0.5 points) Organize these animals into the correct category based on whether they are invertebrates or vertebrates. Place the name under the Invertebrate section or Vertebrate section. Each animal will only be placed in one category. An example has been done for you. Page 3 of 6

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Animals to organize : scorpion, planaria, lamprey, jellyfish, roundworm, sponge, coral, turtle, flatworms, leeches, bird, snail, clam, octopus, lobster, lizard, earthworm, frog, chimpanzee, sea star, tunicate, shark Invertebrates listed below. It was started for you with lancelets Lancelet, Vertebrates listed below. It was started for you with humans Humans, Activity 5: Distinguishing between the phyla (0.25 points each) Basic differences between the phyla have been established by looking at major evolutionary trends. Use the phyla names below and match them with the description provided. You may use either the Letter or the actual phyla name when answering the questions. Phylum names may be used more than once or not at all. A. Porifera B. Cnidaria C. Platyhelminthes D. Mollusca E. Annelida F. Nematoda G. Arthropoda H. Echinodermata I. Chordata 1. Have a body plan described as either medusa or polyp: Answer 2. Rely on a water vascular system and tube feet for movement and hunting Answer 3. Dorsoventrally flattened Answer 4. Called the segmented worms Answer 5. Worms that are in clade ecdysozoan and molt Answer 6. Larvae has bilateral symmetry, but adults have five point body plan Answer 7. Get their name because they have a spongy, open body wall Answer 8. Molt, highly segmented, jointed appendages Answer 9. Have only two germ layers, diploblasts Answer 10. Both open and closed circulatory systems are represented by members of this phylum Answer 11. Have a visceral mass, muscular foot, and a mantle Answer 12. Members may use trachea and spiracles for gas movement Answer 13. Are considered acoelomates Answer 14. Are considered pseudocoelomates Answer 15. Members of this phylum characterized by an external, hinged shell Answer Page 4 of 6

16. Use cnidocytes Answer 17. Members may have chelicerae, pedipalps, and multiple walking legs Answer 18. The only phylum with both vertebrate and invertebrate members Answer Activity 6: Phylum Chordata (0.25 points each) Phylum Chordata includes animals ranging from tunicates (sea squirts) to mammals evolving with a variety of evolutionary adaptations. There are nine taxonomic classes or clades we are studying within the phylum. Using Chapter 34 as a resource, answer the following questions. 19. The four characteristics shared by all chordates. These are traits that separate Phylum Chordata from the other phyla. (don’t list endostyle) Answer here 20. Correct this sentence: Cephalochordates and urochordates are vertebrates in the Phylum Chordata. Rewrite the sentence: 21. Place the following evolutionary trends in the correct order beginning with the first one to appear/evolve: hinged jaws and bony skeleton; amnion; 4 limbs with digits; vertebrae; notochord; lungs Answer here 22. Place these clades in the correct order based on the first clade to arise/evolve: Tetrapods, Lobe-fins, Amniotes, Vertebrates, Osteichthyans, Chordates, Gnathostomes. Answer here 23. What is the literal meaning for gnathostomes- need two words only. (Do not provide a definition)? Answer here 24. What is the literal meaning for tetrapods – need two words only (Do not provide a definition): Answer here 25. Name the three classes that are part of the tetrapod clade. 26. What is the advantage of the amniotic egg? Answer here Page 5 of 6

27. List the two animal classes that belong to the amniote clade. Answer here 28. Which class within chordates is characterized by having hair and mammary glands? Answer here 29. Humans are considered tetrapod, osteichthyan, amniotes with a hinged jaw. Choose True or False 30. Name the two classes that have a rib cage for better breathing (ventilation). Answer here Activity 7: Pulling it Together Taxonomy and Clades (0.5 point) Arrange the terms in correct order starting with the clade or taxon that is most inclusive and ending with the least inclusive: Supergroup Unikonta, Phylum Platyhelminthes, Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Animalia, Planaria, Clade Opisthokont Animal ID (0.5 points each) There are five animals described below. Using the information you’ve researched in this lab, determine which organism is being described by providing the required phylum or group (class). Unknown #1: This animal has the following traits: True tissues with all three germ layers, invertebrate, cephalization, flattened in a dorsal to ventral manner, some have eye spots. Name the phylum: Unknown #2: This animal has the following traits: A notochord, hinged jaw, cephalization, cartilaginous skeleton, paired fins, and a lateral line. Name the class : Unknown #3: This animal has the following traits: Cephalization, ability to fly, bilateral symmetry, exoskeleton, segmentation, appendages with joints: Name the phylum : Unknown #4: This animal has the following traits: A foot, mantle and visceral mass, unsegmented, protostomes, eumetazoans. Name the phylum: Unknown #5: This animal has the following traits: bilateral symmetry, pharyngeal gill slits, amniotic egg, tetrapod, hinged jaw, keratin-rich scales. Name the class: Page 6 of 6

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