Worksheet #10 Population Ecology Worksheet - Spotted Owls

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WORKSHEET #10 POPULATION ECOLOGY WORKSHEET – NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS Question 1A For each of the factors listed below, provide one example of an event that could influence that factor with respect to northern spotted owl populations: a. Births: The weather (precipitation and temp) b. Deaths: Food scarcity (not enough rodents) c. Immigration: Food abundance in the habitat d. Emigration: Loss of habitat (human intervention) Question 1B Was the example that you chose for “deaths” in 1A above an example of an abiotic factor or a biotic factor? - A biotic factor Was it a density dependent factor or a density-independent factor? - It is a density dependent factor Question 2 In 2004, a team of biologists conducted a mark-recapture study to estimate the population size of the northern spotted owls in the Great Bear Rainforest. In the first sampling period, they captured and marked 12 spotted owls. In the second sampling period, they captured 8 spotted owls. 6 of these owls were marked. What is the estimated population size of the spotted owls in the Great Bear Rainforest? N = M*n m M = 12 m = 6 n = 8 N = 16

2 Question 3A In 2005, a team of biologists collected data on the population size of northern spotted owls in the same area. They were also able to collect data on the number of births and the number of deaths in this population (see table below). What was the rate of population growth (r) in 2005? r = (# births/# individuals in the population) – (# deaths/# individuals in the population) Year Population Size Number of Births Number of Death r = 2005 20 5 1 r = (5/20)-(1/20) = 4/20 = 1/5 Question 3B i) Based on the rate of population growth calculated in 3A, plot the population size of the northern spotted owls from 2005 to 2009. Assume r remains constant. 50 40 30 20 10 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year ii) Plot the population size of the northern spotted owls from 2005 to 2009 if r=0. 50 40 30 20 10 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year PopulationSize(N) PopulationSize(N)

3 iii) Plot the population size of the northern spotted owls from 2005 to 2009 if r declined from 0.2 to 0. 50 40 30 20 10 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year iv) Plot the population size of the northern spotted owls from 2005 to 2009 if r= -0.2 50 40 30 20 10 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year PopulationSize(N) PopulationSize(N)

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Question 4 In 2012, a captive breeding program was started in an attempt to increase the population size of the northern spotted owls. In total there were 13 adult owls in captivity, all of which survived. 10 eggs were laid, but only 6 eggs were fertile. Only 3 owlets were born. Of these 3 owlets, only one survived. Based on the data below, which survivorship curve likely applies to the Northern Spotted Owl? A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III Question 5A In 2009, in California, two new highways were built through the owl’s habitat. One large habitat was fragmented into four smaller patches. Overall, the size of the habitat decreased from 102 km 2 to 101 km 2. Based on the figure below, what was the approximate carrying capacity (K) of the environment after the habitat fragmentation? A. 1 owls/km 2 B. 1.5 owls/km 2 C. 2 owls/km 2 4 0 2009

Question 5B Propose a hypothesis that could explain the change in size of the Northern California owl population between 2009–2010.Include: 1) The cause of the change. 2) How it links to factors that influence population size/growth. And 3) the resulting outcome. - The high density of the owls caused a rapid decline in the owls food sources, due to the need for more food. Either the weaker owls died off or emigrated to a different region with more food. This caused a severe decrease in the own population. Due to this decrease in predators, more rodents and prey of the owl were able to be born and survive because of the lack of predation. This then caused a slight increase in the owl population because of this food abundance.

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