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Nov 24, 2024

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There are many ways our bodies try to regulate and maintain a functioning organism. In the cell cycle, the process that takes us from fertilized egg to fully formed human, the regulating checkpoints are vital. There are three main checkpoints we learn about this week – G1, G2, and M. What happens at each checkpoint? And, what are some negative repercussions to a dysfunctional checkpoint? Hello Professor, The G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that the cell is prepared for DNA synthesis. It checks for DNA damage, cell size, nutrient availability, and external signals. The G2 checkpoint confirms DNA replication accuracy and detects any damage or errors. The M checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle apparatus before the cell divides. Dysfunctional checkpoints can lead to severe consequences such as the propagation of DNA damage, formation of abnormal cells, and genetic instability, increasing the risk of cancer development. Proper regulation at these checkpoints is crucial for maintaining cell cycle integrity and the overall well-being of the organism. References Khan Academy. (2022). Cell cycle checkpoints (article) . Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/cell-communication-and-cell- cycle/regulation-of-cell-cycle/a/cell-cycle-checkpoints-article Lumen Learning. (2019). Cell Cycle Checkpoints | Biology for Majors I . Lumenlearning.com. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-wmopen- biology1/chapter/cell-cycle-checkpoints/

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