Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Quiz Study Guide

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Global Higher Secondary School & Degree College Danyore Gilgit *

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101

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Biology

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Nov 24, 2024

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Study Guide: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis: 1. Definition: Process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. - Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2. 2. Light-Dependent Reactions: - Location: Thylakoid membrane. - Steps: a. Light absorption by chlorophyll. b. Water splitting (photolysis). c. ATP and NADPH production. - Study Questions: What role does chlorophyll play in the light-dependent reactions? In photosynthesis, explain the role of the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane, emphasizing its connection to ATP and NADPH production. 3. Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle): - Location: Stroma. - Steps: a. Carbon fixation. b. Reduction. c. Regeneration of RuBP.
- Study Questions: Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, highlighting the specific molecules involved and their functions. Elaborate on the significance of the Calvin Cycle in converting carbon dioxide into glucose during photosynthesis, including the key chemical reactions involved. 4. C4 and CAM Photosynthesis: Study question: Contrast C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis, emphasizing the adaptations of C4 and CAM plants to different environmental conditions: Cellular Respiration: 1. Definition: Process by which cells break down glucose to release energy. - Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP. 2. Glycolysis: - Location: Cytoplasm. - Steps: a. Glucose breakdown to pyruvate. b. ATP and NADH production. - Study Question: How does glycolysis contribute to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
3. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): - Location: Mitochondrial matrix. - Steps: a. Acetyl-CoA breakdown. b. NADH and FADH2 production. - Study Question: Analyze the role of the Krebs Cycle in cellular respiration, detailing the inputs, outputs, and how it connects with other stages in energy extraction from glucose. 4. Electron Transport Chain: - Location: Inner mitochondrial membrane. - Steps: a. Electron transfer. b. ATP synthesis (chemiosmosis). - Study Question: How is the proton gradient established in the electron transport chain? Explore the concept of chemiosmosis in the electron transport chain during cellular respiration, explaining how the proton gradient contributes to ATP synthesis. 5. Anaerobic Respiration: - Fermentation in the absence of oxygen. - Study Question: Discuss the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, focusing on the specific stages, energy production, and end products.
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