03_05_cellular_respiration_lab_report (1)

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Cellular Respiration Lab Report Instructions: In this laboratory activity, you will calculate the rate of cellular respiration in germinating and non-germinating peas using a respirometer to measure the amount of oxygen consumed. You will also investigate the effects of temperature, light, or seed type on the rate of respiration. Submit your lab report to your instructor when completed. Title: Cellular Respiration Lab Objective(s): to ascertain the impact of light on cellular respiration and the rate of cellular respiration in both germinating and non-germinating peas. Hypothesis: Part 1: The peas that are germinating will use up the most oxygen if they are put in respirometers with non-germinating peas and glass beads. This is because they need oxygen to germinate. Part 2: Because of increased photosynthesis, peas in the bright region will germinate more quickly than those in the shaded area if two groups of germinating beans and glass beads in respirometers are placed in each. There are two parts of this lab activity. This means you should have two hypotheses. In part one, you are testing the rate of cellular respiration of germinating and non-germinating seeds. In part two, you will select a different factor to test, such as temperature, light, or seed type, and measure the effects of this factor on the rate of respiration. Write each hypothesis using an if/then statement. Procedure: Access the virtual lab and complete the electrophoresis procedure. The materials are listed for you. However, you are responsible for providing a brief summary of the steps you followed during the experimental procedure. Materials: Cellular Respiration Virtual Lab Summary of Steps:

Assume that you have three respirometers ready: one with glass beads and non- germinating peas, one with glass beads and germination peas, and one with glass beads.2. After measuring the respirometers' water capacity, submerge them in water. Set a timer.3. Until the timer reaches twenty-five minutes, record the water levels every five minutes.Regarding section two:1. Set up four respirometers, two with glass beads and two with germinating peas. 2. Set up two groups in different regions with sun and shade, one for each group containing a respirometer for germinating peas and another for glass beads.3. After measuring the respirometers' water capacity, submerge them in water. Set a timer.4. Until the timer reaches twenty-five minutes, record the water levels every five minutes. Variables: List your controlled variables, independent variable, and dependent variable of each part of the lab activity. Explain why these are the variables. Remember, controlled variables are factors that remain the same throughout the experiment. An independent (test) variable changes so that the experimenter can see the effect on other variables. The dependent (outcome) variable will change in response to the test variable. Controlled variables: Types of Peas, type of respirometer, time, temperature, light, volume of peas Independent variable: Types of peas Dependent variable: rate of respiration Independent variable: is the amount of light instead of the type of pea Data: Complete the data tables to organize the data collected in this lab. Don’t forget to record measurements with the correct number of significant figures. Important: Before you record your volume, you must correct for differences in volume that are due to temperature fluctuation rather than rate of respiration. To do this, subtract any difference in the movement of water into the vial with glass beads from the experimental vials held at the same temperature. For example, if the five-minute reading measures 3 ml for the germinating peas, but the glass beads (which are not respiring) show an increase of 1 ml, subtract 1 ml from 3 ml and record the total volume as 2 ml. Table 1

This table is for gathering data on the respiration of germinating and non-germinating seeds. Respirometer 1 Respirometer 2 Respirometer 3 Total Time (min) Volume of water (ml) Volume of water (ml) Volume of water (ml) 0 0 0 0 5 .03 .02 .02 10 .08 .04 .01 15 .09 .07 .01 20 .13 .09 .01 25 .21 .11 .01 Table 2 This table is for gathering data on the effects of temperature, light, or seed type on respiration. Respirometer 1 Respirometer 2 Respirometer 3 Respirometer 4 Total time (min) Volume of Water (ml) Volume of Water (ml) Volume of Water (ml) Volume of Water (ml) 0 0 0 0 0 5 .06 .04 .07 .04 10 .14 .04 .12 .04 15 .24 0 .23 0 20 .38 0 .35 0 25 .44 0 .4 0 Graphing

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Orange is respirator 3 and blue is respirator 1 Create a graph to compare the rate of respiration of the respirometers 2 and 4 in Table 2 of your investigation. The graph should show the change in the volume versus time. This represents the rate of respiration. Be sure to include a graph title and properly label your x- and y-axes, including units. Conclusion: Write a conclusion statement that addresses the following questions:  How was the rate of cellular respiration affected by germinating and non-germinating peas? How was the rate affected by temperature, light, or seed type?  Does your data support or fail to support your hypotheses (include examples)?  Discuss the sources of error that could impact the results of this investigation if it were repeated in a physical laboratory. In my experiment, the cellular respiration rate of the germinated peas was higher than that of the non-germinated peas. My hypothesis was validated by the facts I gathered. Compared to peas that did not germinate, those that did required more oxygen to grow. In the second experiment, light hardly affected cellular respiration at all. This refuted what I had assumed. Light had very little influence because plants don't require light until they emerge above earth. One of the two possible causes of the inaccuracy could have been outlying peas or a variation in respirometer preparation. Lab Reflection Questions Answer the reflection questions, using what you have learned from the lesson and your experimental data. It will be helpful to refer to your class notes. Answer questions in complete sentences. 1. Explain how germinating peas use cellular respiration to obtain energy stored within their endosperm? After germinating, peas employ cellular respiration to obtain energy. They achieve this by using their endosperm to break down organic fuels like glucose through the Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis. 2. If germinating seeds could only use fermentation to obtain energy, what changes would you expect in the rate of respiration and growth? Because fermentation would not require oxygen, I would observe a total absence of respiration. Since fermentation only generates two ATP molecules for every glucose molecule, growth rates would decrease.

3. Statistical analysis allows scientists to evaluate the reliability of experimental data in order to support or refute the null or alternate hypothesis of an investigation. One standard deviation on either side of the mean represents 68% confidence that the true value lies within that interval. (For the questions below, refer to your pre-lab activity for assistance.) a) Calculate the mean respiration rate of your germinating peas and non- germinating peas. Before you take the mean of all 6 trials you must change your volume/5 mins into volume/1 min. Divide each interval reading by 5 to get an average per minute rate. Calculate one standard deviation for both means. Mean respiration rate of germinated peas: 0.042 mL/min. The standard deviation of germinated peas is 0.00463 mL/min. The mean respiration of non-germinating peas is 0.0044 mL/min. The standard deviation of non-germinating peas is 0.0008 mL/min. b) Construct a bar graph that shows the mean respiration rate for germinating peas and the mean respiration rate for non-germinating peas. Add error bars to show a 68% confidence interval across each mean. Germinating peas = blue Non-germinating peas= orange c) Is there evidence in your respiration data and your bar graph to support the claim that most respiration rates lie within one standard deviation of the mean?

The average respiration points for the germinated peas range from 0.02359 to 0.01161, while for the non-germinated peas they range from 0.02193 to 0.01007, providing proof.

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